AP Psych Unit 1 test

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is: a) 17.5 b) 25 c) 50 d) 66.6 e) 95

c) 50

Which of the following studies had had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research? a) Stanley Milgram's study of obedience b) Solomon Asch's study of conformity c) Daryl Bem's study of self-perception d) William McGuire's study of self-concept e) Leon Festinger's study of cognitive dissonance

a) Stanley Milgram's study of obedience shock test

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of participants saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The DEPENDANT VARIABLE in the experiment is the: a) amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children b) amount of time that each child spent interacting with other children c) group in which each child was originally placed d) violent cartoon e) nonviolent cartoon

a) amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children dependant= factor that is being measured

In experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a: a) difference not likely due to chance b) difference not likely due to faulty design c) result that indicates a correlation equal to 1.0 d) result that departs from previous findings e) result that proves a new theory

a) difference not likely due to chance mathematical probability that something did not occur by chance alone.

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that a) each person in town has the same probability of being chosen for the study b) an equal number of males and females are selected for interviews c) the study includes at least some respondents from every social class in town d) the study will uncover widely differing social attitudes among the respondents e) the sample will be large enough even though some people may refuse to be interviewed

a) each person in town has the same probability of being chosen for the study random sampling=every person in the entire group has an equal chance of participating

In an experiment, which of the following variables refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter? a) independent b) dependent c) control d) random e) stimulus

b) dependent the variable that might change in response to the iv

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates: a) the false consensus effect b) the hindsight bias c) random sampling d) the placebo effect e) belief perseverance

b) the hindsight bias "I knew it all along"

Which of the following research methods is being used if the same subjects are tested at two, four and six years of age? a) cross-cultural b) longitudinal c) cross-sectional d) correlational e) projective

c) cross-sectional a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

A survey shows that children who have computers in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having a computer at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly a) failed to allow for experimenter bias b) failed to identify the independent variable c) failed to identify the confounding variable d) inferred correlation from causation e) inferred causation from correlation.

c) failed to identify the confounding variable

The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that: a) is symmetrical b) is not normal c) is positively skewed d) represents measures for a random sample e) represents measures for a biased sample

c) is positively skewed

According to ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects? a) it must not involve the use of surgical procedures. b) it is no longer permitted by the APA without special authorization. c) it should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research. d) it must be limited to investigations that use correlational procedures. e) it may not be conducted by psychologists who do not have a license.

c) it should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research.

In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth "mother" and a wire "mother"), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations, the infant monkeys a) were more likely to become aggressive toward the wire mother than toward the terry-cloth mother. b) failed to seek out either of the mothers because of their lack of experience in seeking contact comfort. c) preferred the wire mother, even when the terry-cloth mother had the nursing bottle. d) preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle. e) would run and cling to whichever mother had the nursing bottle.

d) preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle.

The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it a) studies a few people in great depth b) studies subjects in their natural environment c) is an efficient way to discover how people feel d) seeks to establish cause-effect relationships e) provides a chronological basis for reaching conclusions

d) seeks to establish cause-effect relationships an experiment manipulates a factor to determine its effects

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of participants saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The CONTROL GROUP in the experiment is the group that: a) the researchers thought would be the most aggressive b) performed the larger number of aggressive acts c) performed the smaller number of aggressive acts d) watched the violent cartoon e) watched the nonviolent cartoon

e) watched the nonviolent cartoon control= non-treatment group