AP Psych Unit 2

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery? A) Computerized axial tomography B) Stereotaxic examination C) Retrograde degeneration D) Biofeedback E) Ablation

A) Computerized axial tomography

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons

A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron? A) Synapses B) Dendrites C) Somas D) Axons E) Axon terminals

A) Synapses

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called A) electroencephalography (EEG) B) computed tomography (CT) C) positron-emission tomography (PET) D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A) electroencephalography (EEG)

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D) Serotonin E) Norepinephrine

B) Acetylcholine

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions? A) Schizophrenia B) Epilepsy C) Narcolepsy D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder E) Major depressive disorder

B) Epilepsy

Which of the following findings provides the strongest evidence for the role of heredity in intellectual performance? A) Identical twins reared together have more similar intelligence test scores than do identical twins reared apart. B) Identical twins reared apart have more similar intelligence test scores than do fraternal twins reared together. C) Nontwin siblings reared together have more similar intelligence scores than do nontwin siblings reared apart. D) Fraternal twins reared togethe

B) Identical twins reared apart have more similar intelligence test scores than do fraternal twins reared together.

Which of the following terms refers to the brain's ability to physically change over time in reaction to experiences? A) Lateralization B) Neuroplasticity C) Compensation D) Assimilation E) Accommodation

B) Neuroplasticity

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain? A) Muscular control of the right hand B) Simple spatial reasoning C) Arithmetic reasoning D) Language comprehension E) Speech

B) Simple spatial reasoning

Split-brain research has illustrated which of the following? A) The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people. B) The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people. C) The occipital lobe is responsible for color vision. D) The prefrontal cortex is responsible for thinking, planning, and decision making. E) The brain functions normally after the corpus callosum is cut.

B) The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language in most people.

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for A) pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart B) pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins C) pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings D) adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than zero E) adopted children and their adoptive parents is greate

B) pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as A) integration B) plasticity C) polarization D) lateralization E) specificity

B) plasticity

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as A) the latent stage B) the refractory period C) the reticular formation D) depolarization E) the neurotransmitter

B) the refractory period

The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for A) hearing B) vision C) olfaction D) tactile sensation E) taste

B) vision

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system? A) Somatic . . endocrine and exocrine B) Central . . somatic and sympathetic C) Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic D) Sympathetic . . parasympathetic and autonomic E) Peripheral . . central nervous system and the spinal cord

C) Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A? A) Cerebellum B) Prefrontal cortex C) Somatosensory cortex D) Wernicke's area E) Broca's area

C) Somatosensory cortex

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain? A) Speech B) Writing C) Spatial reasoning D) Reading comprehension E) Language comprehension

C) Spatial reasoning

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person's reaction is most directly enabled by A) the hypothalamus B) the cerebellum C) a spinal reflex D) the hippocampus E) the sensory cortex

C) a spinal reflex

Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person's A) balance B) ability to develop plans C) vision D) fine motor movements E) language processing

C) vision

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured? A) Cerebellum B) Hypothalamus C) Parietal lobe D) Frontal lobe E) Corpus callosum

D) Frontal lobe

Which of the following brain regions is the part of the cerebral cortex that is most responsible for the processing of visual stimuli? A) Parietal lobe B) Temporal lobe C) Frontal lobe D) Occipital lobe E) Medulla

D) Occipital lobe

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity? A) Lesioning B) Electroencephalogram (EEG) C) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) D) Positron-emission tomography (PET) E) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

D) Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder? A) Acetylcholine B) Dopamine C) Histamine D) Serotonin E) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

D) Serotonin

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty A) identifying an object held in the hand but not seen B) planning what to wear to a party C) remembering the name of a person in a photograph D) comprehending a spoken request for information E) distinguishing between red and green

D) comprehending a spoken request for information

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in A) driving a car B) reading a textbook C) sensing painful stimuli D) digesting food E) experiencing pain

D) digesting food

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the A) suprachiasmatic nucleus B) cerebellum C) limbic system D) medulla E) hippocampus

D) medulla

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called A) depolarization B) lateral inhibition C) long-term potentiation D) reuptake E) synaptic transmission

D) reuptake

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as A) the action potential B) the threshold difference C) specific energy of the nerve D) the absolute refractory phase E) depolarization

D) the absolute refractory phase

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following? A) An increase in pupil dilation B) An increase in respiratory rate C) A decrease in digestion D) A decrease in salivation E) A decrease in heart rate

E) A decrease in heart rate

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection? A) Aaron has larger muscles than Earl because Aaron lifts weights and Earl does not. B) A natural disaster wipes out all of the living creatures on a particular island. C) An ape learns how to use a new tool by observing another ape use that tool. D) A baby spreads out its toes in response to having its foot stroked. E) A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings l

E) A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters? A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B) Serotonin C) Norepinephrine D) Dopamine E) Acetylcholine

E) Acetylcholine

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms? A) Forgetfulness B) Hearing difficulties C) Difficulty controlling balance and coordination D) Difficulty controlling emotions E) Difficulty with speech production

E) Difficulty with speech production

Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction? A) Adrenaline level B) Glucose level C) Respiration rate D) Heart rate E) Digestion

E) Digestion

After a stroke, Jeff has noticed his memory for past events remains good, but it is very difficult for him to remember new events like what movie he just watched. It is most likely that Jeff suffered damage to which part of the brain? A) Hypothalamus B) Cerebellum C) Sensory cortex D) Wernicke's area E) Hippocampus

E) Hippocampus

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions? A) Is perception accomplished by passive detection of images in the environment or by active detection of information? B) Is language acquisition fairly complete by the early school years, or are most linguistic forms mastered only in adolescence? C) Is gender identity most influenced by parental upbringing or by interaction with same-sexpeers? D) Does development proceed through a series of stages, or is it co

E) Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities? A) Reuptake B) Dual processing C) Accommodation D) Myelination E) Neuroplasticity

E) Neuroplasticity

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is A) Noam Chomsky B) Wilhelm Wundt C) Edward Thorndike D) Carl Wernicke E) Paul Broca

E) Paul Broca

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose? A) Computed tomography (CT) B) Electrooculography (EOG) C) Electroencephalography (EEG) D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E) Positron emission tomography (PET)

E) Positron emission tomography (PET)

Brain lateralization refers to the A) ability of the brain to process multisensory information B) capacity of the brain to control basic motor movements C) aptitude of the brain to produce speech D) ability of the brain to control basic functions such as respiration and blood circulation E) inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

E) inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all A) hormones excreted by the endocrine glands B) secretions of the exocrine glands secretions of the exocrine glands C) drugs used in the therapeutic treatment of memory disorders D) enzymes involved with the degradation of interneuron signals E) neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

E) neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Joseph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as A) recessive genes B) dominant genes C) mutations D) genotypic traits E) phenotypic traits

E) phenotypic traits