AP Psych Unit 2 AP Classroom

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

Spatial reasoning

In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?

father

A child's sex is genetically determined by the

comprehending a spoken request for information

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

the myelin sheath

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

Hypothalamus

Following a mild stroke, Sam ate much more than normal and gained 50 pounds within a year. What part of the brain was most likely damaged?

left cerebral hemisphere

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

Reticular formation

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

limbic system

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation.

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Somatosensory cortex

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?

Wernicke's area

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Frontal lobe

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Difficulty with speech production

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Being a carrier of, or having sickle cell anemia is adaptive in this region, because it protects against malaria. Subsequently, children born with sickle cell anemia are less likely to die from malaria.

Areas that have a large prevalence of malaria, such as Africa, have a high frequency of children who have sickle cell anemia or are carriers of the trait. What role does the concept of natural selection play in this trend?

100% runners

Assume that R represents a dominant gene in rats for normal running and that r represent a recessive gene in rats for an abnormal gait called waltzing. Mating a female Rr rat with a male RR rat will produce offspring that are

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Brain lateralization refers to the

visual deficit

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

A loss of motor coordination

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

Amygdala

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Aggression

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

Simple spatial reasoning

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

endocrine system

The diagram above depicts the human body's

receive information from other neurons

The function of dendrites is to

reuptake

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

Broca's area

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Right hemisphere

In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?

D

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?

afferent neurons

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

increases her level of endorphins

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise

Endocrine

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

The terminal buttons

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

endorphins

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

Broca's area

Sam has shown some marked changes in the way he is able to communicate after having a stroke. He knows what he wants to say, but his speech is slow and labored. Sam's grammar is also quite poor. The part of Sam's brain that most likely sustained damage is

Amygdala

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted's fear response?

Axon terminals

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

medulla

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

hippocampus

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

Acetylcholine

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

Is level of intelligence the result of one's environment and specific learning, or is it a result of biological maturation?

The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?

hypothalamus

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

a dendrite

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

natural Selection

The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called

the refractory period

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

Testosterone

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Problem solving

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

becomes more likely to produce an action potential

When excitatory neurotransmitters stimulate a single neuron, the neuron

Melatonin

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

C

Which letter indicates the postsynaptic membrane?

D

Which letter indicates the synaptic cleft?

During a drought, the foliage in a region turns brown. More brownish moths than whitish moths from a particular breed survive predation and produce more offspring. Subsequent generations of moths have a higher percentage of brownish moths than the generation before.

Which of the follow scenarios is the best example of natural selection?

pons

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow?

An all-or-none response

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Identical twins reared together are more similar than identical twins reared apart.

Which of the following is the best evidence that environment plays a role in intelligence?

It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

Dopamine

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Serotonin

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?

Endocrine system

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?

phenotypic traits

phenotypic traits