AP Psych Unit 3/4 Test

Dr. Ramen recruited 100 adults to participate in her study. The taste buds of each participant were measured, and the participants tasted a number of foods. She found there was a relationship between the size of a participant's taste buds and the number of foods that a participant could taste. What research method did Dr. Ramen use, and what was she most likely studying?

Correlational; the sensitivity of supertasters

Kimmie stood on the sidewalk rather than crossing the street because she saw that the approaching car was quite close to her. What concept is best illustrated in this example?

Depth perception

Denise has damaged her auditory nerve and now has difficulty understanding what people are saying. What explains how that damage impairs her hearing?

Sound messages fail to be transmitted directly to the brain.

According to the gate control theory of pain, what contains a neurological gate that controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain?

The spinal cord

"After Ted got sick from eating sushi from the deli, he became nauseous whenever he thought of eating sushi." is an example of what?

a biological predisposition to learning

What concept refers to the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus that occurs due to constant exposure to that stimulus?

sensory adaptation

"Sydney starts using the same word choices and vocal inflections as members of the popular group at her school" is an example of what?

social learning

The following scenario- "Markus was stung by a wasp, and now he is scared of not only wasps but also bees"- demonstrates what?

stimulus generalization

"Anastasia sees swirls of color when she hears music because stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to the experience of another sensation" is an example of what?

synesthesia

Rogelio has a number of health problems and would like to avoid medication as much as possible. He is considering biofeedback as an alternative form of treatment. Biofeedback would most benefit which of Rogelio's health problems: Indigestion, depression, tension, arthritis, or obesity?

tension headaches

The scenario- "Randolph's brother frequently startled Randolph whenever he approached a snake, which caused Randolph to develop an intense fear of them."- demonstrates what?

the acquisition of a fear of snakes

Orville is talking with his friends at a cafeteria table when suddenly he is distracted by hearing his name at a neighboring table. Orville's shift of attention most clearly illustrates which psychological concept?

The cocktail party phenomenon

What is the best definition for absolute threshold?

The lowest strength of a stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

Marlene had an infection that led to deafness in her left ear. What is most likely the impact of losing her hearing in her left ear?

She will have trouble locating the source of sounds

Tracey was in pain from an ear infection, which her doctor said was in her inner ear. What is the most likely location of the infection?

the cochlea

"Because the chair partially obscured his view of the sofa, Brendan perceived the chair as being closer than the sofa" best illustrates the concept of what?

Interposition

Molly is potty training her daughter, Mia. Every time Mia begins to urinate in her diaper, Molly says the word "bathroom" in the hope that Mia will begin to urinate when she hears this word while sitting on the toilet. Molly's efforts most resemble the studies of who?

Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning

In a study on taste, what would researchers need to do to test participants' ability to distinguish umami from similar sensations?

Place disks soaked in MSG on the participants' tongues. Then replace those disks with disks that have been soaked in water. Compare the participants' reactions.

Human tactile sense is actually a mix of what distinct skin senses?

Pressure, warmth, cold, pain

What is the correct order of the eye-to-brain pathway of vision?

Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, occipital lobe

A researcher wants to study the human sense of taste over a life span. The researcher has a group of participants taste foods that are salty, bitter, sweet, sour, and umami. Which study would best allow the researcher to test the sensation of taste as people age, and what is the likely outcome?

The researcher follows the same group of people over the course of 40 years. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds throughout the 40 years. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste diminishes and their number of taste buds decreases.

Bryan perceived a duck instead of other animals when viewing an ambiguous image because he watched a documentary about ducks the previous night. What explains why Bryan perceived a duck? Why?

Top-down processing, because his perception of the duck was influenced by past experience.

What is the process of detecting environmental stimuli and converting them into signals that can be detected by the nervous system?

sensation

The following scenario-"Stacy participated in an experiment in which she wore a heart-rate monitor, watched the readout of her heart rate, and received points based on how many beats per minute she reduced her heart rate"- best describes what?

biofeedback

What does sunblock as in this scenario: "Lowell feels relaxed when he smells sunblock because it reminds him of his vacations at the beach."

conditioned stimulus

Sebastian wants to earn an "A" in his biology course but finds it difficult to stay motivated to study every night. His teacher recommends that he surround himself with peers who study regularly to increase his studying behavior. Sebastian's teacher made her recommendation based on the learning concept of...

modeling

Lynda stayed out past her curfew. As a result, her parents revoked her driving privileges. What are Lydia's parents enforcing and why?

negative punishment- to decrease her behavior of staying out past curfew

"Immediately reinforcing correct responses enhances student learning, because immediate reinforcement has shown to be most effective with regard to learning" is true regarding the application of what?

operant conditioning in learning

"Kayla sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time" best illustrates what theory?

opponent-process theory of color vision

Helena did not recognize her English teacher when she unexpectedly saw him while traveling in Paris, even though she knew him well back in the classroom. The fact that Helena can recognize her teacher back home more easily than in Paris best demonstrates what concept?

perceptual set

Gayle's teacher wants to increase effective study habits in her students by using negative reinforcement. Gayle's teacher would most likely enforce this by...

removing an unpleasant stimulus

"Grant has more difficulty recognizing a penguin as a bird than he does a blue jay." is the most predictable effect of what on perception?

schemas

Which anatomical structure is involved in the vestibular sense?

semicircular canals