AP PSYCH UNIT 4 TEST

Xander can no longer stomach the taste of sushi after he vomited from eating a spoiled serving of it. However, the appearance of sushi does not make him sick. Which of the following best accounts for why Xander becomes sick upon tasting sushi but not seeing sushi?

Biological predisposition, because this example illustrates taste aversion.

In which of the following scenarios is someone showing evidence of extinction in classical conditioning?

Randy was always worried about his exams in high school and felt anxiety when in the building. However, now that he is a teacher at the same high school the anxiety has gone away.

Based on the data presented in the table, which consequence was used by the training staff for dog #2?

Reinforcement

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

Participants anonymously consented to an experiment where they would be classically conditioned to have a positive emotional response to advertisements for various products. In reality, the experimenter was attempting to see if subliminal messages in an advertisement influenced participant views on the product being advertised. Which of the following ethical guidelines might be of concern to an institutional review board (IRB) concerning this research?

There might be more deception than is deemed appropriate.

Which type of reinforcement has a larger range according to the data depicted in the table?

Token economy

Which of the following aspects of classical conditioning is demonstrated by Quadrant 1 in the figure?

Unconditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Based on the graph, which schedule of reinforcement would a parent choose to create the fastest rate of learning in their child?

Variable Ratio

Which of the following operant conditioning concepts is an example of positive punishment?

While driving through the state of Mississippi, Lance was stopped for speeding and had to pay an expensive speeding ticket. As a result, he no longer goes over the speed limit when driving in Mississippi.

Sebastian wants to earn an "A" in his biology course but finds it difficult to stay motivated to study every night. His teacher recommends that he surround himself with peers who study regularly to increase his studying behavior. Sebastian's teacher made her recommendation based on the learning concept of?

modeling

Elementary-school students were reinforced with stickers every Monday and Friday for turning in their homework on time. These stickers could later be used to purchase candy and toys from the school store. Using the data presented in the table, what is the mode for the students who received a sticker on Friday?

13

A player tracks the number of points he earns per game for five games wearing different colors of his team socks. After the data is gathered, he develops a superstition and always wears green socks. What is the mean number of points earned when wearing green socks?

13

Which dog is demonstrating stimulus discrimination in the following scenarios?

Cookie cowers when she hears the pop of fireworks, but not when she hears the pop of lightning.

Janice cleaned out the office refrigerator without being asked. The operant conditioning concept of positive reinforcement is illustrated in which scenario?

The next day, her boss gave her a gift certificate to a local coffee shop. As a result, Janice now regularly cleans out the office refrigerator.

If a therapist were using counterconditioning techniques to alleviate a patient's intense fear of heights, they would need to do which of the following?

Ensure that the patient is informed of the therapeutic procedures that will be utilized.

The operant conditioning concept of negative reinforcement is illustrated in which of the following scenarios?

Ervin always buckles his seat belt to stop the beeping sound his car makes when the seat belt is unbuckled.

Which of the following is an example of the schedule of reinforcement that has the slowest response rate as depicted in the graph?

Fixed interval A local fast-food restaurant tells customers they are going to release a coupon for a free meal on their app at some point during the day.

Research was conducted on the frequency of accidents involving construction workers being hit by construction vehicles in a work zone. The researchers measured the response of the pedestrians to the volume of warning sounds for each of the vehicles involved in the accidents. The data are depicted in the graph. Which of the following principles of learning is demonstrated by the results?

Habituation

In an effort to demonstrate that phobias were the result of environmental conditioning rather than mental processes, a researcher conditioned an 8-month-old child named Albert to have an intense fear of a white fluffy rat. While the result supported the researcher's behaviorist viewpoint, which of the following reasons explains why this research would not be allowed today?

It created too much stress for the participant, which violates the code of ethics for psychological research.

Which scenario below best depicts insight learning?

Laramie suddenly realized that he could put some of his groceries in a cabinet after repeatedly failing to fit them into a pantry.

Using the information presented in the graph, what is most likely the reason for the fall in the strength of the conditioned response in trials 16-20?

The CS and US are no longer being paired together.