AP Psych Unit 5

Raymond recently got a job that requires him to occasionally work night shifts during which he is extremely sleepy. He is also experiencing difficulty sleeping during the day. His symptoms are most likely due to a disruption of his: A. Circadian rhythm B. Hypnagogic sensations C. Alpha wave pattern D. Sleep apnea E. Physical dependence

A. Circadian rhythm

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by: A. Decreasing REM sleep B. Increasing anxiety C. Decreasing sleep apnea D. Increasing self-consciousness E. Decreasing tolerance

A. Decreasing REM sleep

After a few hours of sleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from: A. Night terrors B. Narcolepsy C. Sleep spindles D. Sleep apnea E. Insomnia

A. Night terrors

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from: A. Sleep apnea B. Narcolepsy C. Insomnia D. Night terrors E. Aphasia

A. Sleep apnea

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 E. REM

A. Stage 1

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep? A. The sleep cycle repeats itself every about 90 minutes. B. During REM sleep the muscles are tense and brain waves reveal deep relaxation C. As the stages of sleep progress, we eventually reach REM sleep and remain there until awakening the next morning D. Most of a night's sleep is spent in Stage 4 and REM E. Everyone needs 8 hours of sleep per night

A. The sleep cycle repeats itself every about 90 minutes

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to: A. Viral infections B. Sleep apnea C. Insomnia D. Night terrors E. Dissociation

A. Viral infections

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by: A. Producing hallucinations B. Depleting the brain's supply of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine C. Increasing the occurrence of alpha wave D. Triggering a state of dissociation E. Decreasing manifest content

B. Depleting the brain's supply of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Drugs such as barbiturates and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called: A. Hallucinogens B. Depressants C. Endorphins D. Amphetamines E. Stimulants

B. Depressants

A split in consciousness during hypnosis allows the subject to be focused on the hypnotist's suggestions with part of the brain but to be conscious of other stimuli at the same time. This theory involves: A. Narcolepsy B. Dissociation C. Paradoxical sleep D. Posthypnotic suggestion E. Withdrawal

B. Dissociation

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of: A. Alcohol B. Ecstasy C. Morphine D. Barbiturates E. Amphetamines

B. Ecstasy

Which of the following typically occurs during REM sleep? A. Night terrors B. Genital arousal C. Bed-wetting D. Muscular tension E. Narcolepsy

B. Genital arousal

Hypnosis involves a state of: A. Increased physical stamina B. Heightened openness to suggestion C. Improved perceptual skills D. Elevated autonomic arousal E. Low-amplitude and high-frequency brain waves

B. Heightened openness to suggestion

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in treating all of the following conditions EXCEPT: A. Treating obesity B. Helping individuals with drug, alcohol, or smoking addictions C. Headaches D. Asthma E. Pain

B. Helping individuals with drug, alcohol, or smoking addictions

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote: A. Sleep apnea B. Obesity C. Insomnia D. Night terrors E. Creativity

B. Obesity

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of: A. Tolerance B. Physical dependence C. A hypnagogic state D. Psychological dependence E. Dissociation

B. Physical dependence

Just prior to awakening John from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he ate sweets. John's therapist was attempting to make use of: A. Age regression B. Posthypnotic suggestion C. Hypnagogic sensations D. REM rebound E. Parallel processing

B. Posthypnotic suggestion

Sleeptalking is most likely to occur during: A. Stage 1 sleep B. Stage 2 sleep C. REM sleep D. Stage 4 sleep E. Stage 3 sleep

B. Stage 2 sleep

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to make sense of random bursts of neural stimulation that occur during sleep? A. Dissociation B. Social influence C. Activation-synthesis theory D. Freud's dream theory E. Paradoxical sleep theory

C. Activation-synthesis theory

Which of the following is true of melatonin? A. It is produced by the brain during the hypnagogic stage in NREM sleep B. Production of melatonin during sleep boosts our immune system, which helps us fight off viral infections C. It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream D. It alters metabolic and hormonal functioning in ways that mimic aging. E. It helps restore and repair brain tissue by increasing the production of free radicals.

C. It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, __________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite. A. Alcohol B. Heroin C. Nicotine D. Barbiturates E. THC

C. Nicotine

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because: A. Our heart rate is slow and steady while our breathing is highly irregular B. We are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily C. Our nervous system is highly active while our voluntary muscles hardly move and we are externally calm D. It leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images E. Our brain and nervous system are less active and our muscles are very active

C. Our nervous system is highly active while our voluntary muscles hardly move and we are externally calm

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate: A. Age regression B. Dissociation C. Physical dependence D. REM rebound E. Sleep apnea

C. Physical dependence

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation needed to build and preserve neural pathways during sleep. This finding supports which of the following dream theories? A. Wish-fulfillment B. Information-processing C. Physiological function D. Activation-synthesis E. Developmental

C. Physiological function

Alochol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called: A. Stimulants B. Narcotic agents C. Psychoactive drugs D. Hallucinogens E. Physiological dependence

C. Psychoactive drugs

Jackie's doctor has advised her to lose weight. Among his concerns are that obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? A. Night terrors B. Sleepwalking C. Sleep apnea D. Insomnia E. Sleeptalking

C. Sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during stage 2 sleeps are called: A. Alpha waves B. Circadian rhythms C. Sleep spindles D. Delta waves E. Amplitude waves

C. Sleep spindles

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called: A. Intolerance B. Narcolepsy C. Withdrawal D. REM rebound E. Dissociation

C. Withdrawal

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have: A. Below-average intelligence B. Above average ability to remember dreams C. Difficulty keeping her attention focused on any specific task D. A rich fantasy life E. A dependent personality type

D. A rich fantasy life

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflect children's A. Latent content B. Psychological dependence C. Night terrors D. Cognitive development E. Manifest content

D. Cognitive development

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? A. Awaken at the same time every day even if you have had a restless night. B. Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime C. Avoid taking short naps during the day D. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime E. Don't engage in strenuous physical exercise just before bedtime

D. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Research has indicated that hypnosis: A. Can help people recover memories as far back as birth B. Can block sensory input C. Is helpful in overcoming alcohol addictions D. Enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia E. Is a state of unconsciousness, not an altered state of consciousness

D. Enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

Which of the following is true of alcohol? A. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a stimulant B. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a depressant C. In large doses, it is a hallucinogen; in small doses, it is a depressant D. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a stimulant E. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

E. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

Alpha waves are associated with: A. REM sleep B. Stage 2 sleep C. Stage 3 sleep D. Stage 4 sleep E. Relaxed but awake state

E. Relaxed but awake state

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the "feel good" neurotransmitter. A. Melatonin B. THC C. Glutamate D. ACh E. Serotonin

E. Serotonin

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates? A. The immune system is suppressed B. The brain shrinks C. The brain stops making melatonin D. The level of serotonin is permanently decreased E. The brain stops producing endorphins

E. The brain stops producing endorphins

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep? A. Cell clusters in the hypothalamus stimulate the production of relatively slow alpha waves, signaling the transition from deep relaxation to sleep. B. The hypothalamus triggers the pituitary gland in the endocrine system to produce the hormone thryoxin, which leads you to sleep. C. During sleep the hypothalamus stimulates the production of free radicals, molecules that are toxic to neurons, which weakens unused connections D. In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep E. The action of the hypothalamus suppresses immune cell production that fights off viral infections and cancer

D. In response to decreasing light, the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep

Which dream theory suggests that we consolidate the day's memories and learning during REM sleep? A. Wish fulfillment B. Cognitive development C. Activation-synthesis D. Information processing E. Physiological function

D. Information processing

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from: A. Sleep apnea B. Night terrors C. Hypnagogic sleep D. Insomnia E. Paradoxical sleep

D. Insomnia

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should: A. Feed Margie lots of rich food just before bedtime B. Take a picture of Margie sleepwalking C. Videotape Margie's first 10 minutes of sleep D. Let Margie sleep a little more than an hour then wake her of sleep and ask her what she's dreaming E. Use posthypnotic suggestion to increase the chances of dream recall

D. Let Margie sleep a little more than an hour then wake her up and ask her what she's dreaming

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin, which is linked to alertness, has been linked to which of the following sleep disorders? A. Sleep apnea B. Paradoxical sleep C. Insomnia D. Narcolepsy E. Sleepwalking

D. Narcolepsy

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver? A. Night terrors B. Insomnia C. Sleepwalking D. Narcolepsy E. Sleep apnea

D. Narcolepsy

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant? A. Marijuana B. Morphine C. Alcohol D. Nicotine E. LSD

D. Nicotine

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are: A. Forgotten again as soon as the person awakens from the hypnotic state B. Accurate recollections of information previously learned C. Experienced as being inaccurate even when they are true D. Often a combination of fact and fiction E. Often accurate indicators of childhood sexual abuse

D. Often a combination of fact and fiction

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing: A. Stage 4 B. Sleep apnea C. Narcolepsy D. REM sleep E. A hallucination

D. REM sleep

According to Freud's wish fulfillment dream theory, dreams allow us to: A. Sleep undisturbed B. Stimulate happiness by portraying symbolically positive images C. To escape the real world into a fantasy world created by all of our happy childhood experiences D. Satisfy wishes hidden in our subconscious that would be inappropriate in our waking consciousness E. Develop neural networks needed for efficient brain activity

D. Satisfy wishes hidden in our subconscious that would be inappropriate in our waking consciousness

According to the __________ theory, hypnotized people believe they are hypnotized and play their role accordingly by letting the hypnotist direct their attention. A. The activation-synthesis B. Dissociation C. Freud's dream D. Social influence E. Withdrawal

D. Social influence

What do methamphetamine, ecstasy, and cocaine have in common? A. They slow body functions and calm neural activity B. They depress neural functioning and reduce pain C. They distort perceptions and evoke sensations without sensory input D. They excite neural activity and arouse body functions E. They relax the body, lead to disinhibition, and relax the central nervous system

D. They excite neural activity and arouse body functions

Which of the following is true of night terrors? A. They are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence B. They are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis C. They jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness D. They typically occur during Stage 4 sleep E. They involve the temporary inability to breathe.

D. They typically occur during Stage 4 sleep

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of: A. Withdrawal B. Dissociation C. Resistance D. Tolerance E. Narcolepsy

D. Tolerance