AP Psychology quizzes (31-64)

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called

algorithms

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of

retroactive interference

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that...

words shape the way people think

fluid intelligence refers most directly to a persons

ability to reason speedily and abstractly

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

cognition

when we used the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vehicles we are using this word as a

concept

Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on

divergent thinking

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory.

echoic

the process of getting information into memory is called

encoding

inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called

fixation

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

flashbulb memories

group 1 asked to write down the names of the seen dwarfs. group 2 is asked to look at the list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. why might group 2 be more likely to recall more names.

group 2 list provides more retrieval cues making this recognition task easier for them.

with increasing age, adopted childrens intelligence test scores become______correlated with their adoptive parents scores and ________correlated with their biological parents scores.

less positively; more positively

the "Mozart effect" refers to the now discounted finding that cognitive ability is boosted by

listening to classical music

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

long term potentiation

A mnemonic device is a

memory aid

The fact that older people are often less able than younger adults to recall recently learned information can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with

retrieval

the process of getting information out of memory is called

retrieval

the inability to remember events in one's life which occurred prior to a brain injury is known as

retrograde amnesia

Semantics refers to the

rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of...

semantic encoding

Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.

semantics; syntax

the tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle item is known as the

serial position effect.

"the magical number seven plus or minus two" refers to the storage campacity of_________memory

short term

a baseball strikes Ashley in the head and she is momentarily knocked unconscious. The physical injury, though not serious, is most likely to interfere with Ashley's ________memory

short term

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

state dependent memory

self fulfilling expectations are most likely to be triggered by

stereotype threat

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

I will forget most psychological concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years.

Noam Chomsky emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by

an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects

The famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicates that how well we remember information depends on

how long ago we learned that information

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

long- term memory

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of...

mood congruent memory

You took Spanish during your sophomore year, and French during your junior year. Happily, you found that knowing Spanish helped you learn French. This phenomenon is best explained by

proactive interference

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called

proactive interference

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

prototype

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

recall

Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves

repression

the psychologist jean Piaget constructed a vivid, detailed memory of being kidnapped after hearing his nursemaid's false reports of such an event. his experience best illustrates.

source amnesia

Chunking

the organization of information into meaningful units.

The heritability of intelligence refers to

the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors.

the tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of...

the representativenss heuristic

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

Grammar

the intelligence test scores of today better fed population_________the scores of the 1930's population.

are higher than

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

convergent thinking

Older adults outperformed younger adults in their responses to New York Times crossword puzzles. The superior performance of these older adults best illustrates the value of

crystallized intelligence

telegraphic speech is

a grammatically correct two word utterance

Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called

availability heuristic

the earliest stage of speech development is called ______stage

babbling

Individuals with down syndrome are

born with an extra chromosome.

the effortful processing of information

cannot easily be suppressed and inhibited.

Boys are most likely to outperform girls in a

chess tournament

Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated

misinformation effect

At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

one word

the smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a

phoneme

the often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called

priming

a mental set is

tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past

Everyone would agree that intelligence tests are "biased" in the sense that

test performance is influenced by cultural experiences

morphemes are

the smallest speech units that carry meaning

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

the spacing effect