ap psychology unit 14 review

Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is most likely to lead to: a. social loafing b. social facilitation c. deindividuation d. bystander effect e. fundamental attribution error

a

The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone: a. in a variety of situations b. who is unemployed c. who is wealthy d. we dislike e. in a stressful situation

a

social loafing is MOST likely to occur among: a. audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced b. factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity c. a group of runners competing for first in a race d. students who are each assigned a different topic for their papers e. children at a party all trying to break the pinata in order to get candy

a

the discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called: a. cognitive dissonance b. implicit prejudice c. deindividuation d. social loafing e. fundamental attribution error

a

By inventing customs and passing them on to their peers and offspring, chimpanzees exhibit the rudiments of: a. groupthink b. culture c. personal space d. ingroup bias e. conditioning

b

Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates : a. reciprocity norm b. central route persuasion c. normative social influence d. deindividuation e. foot-in-the-door phenomenon

b

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates: a. informational social influence b. peripheral route persuasion c. superordinate goals d. social facilitation e. central route persuasion

b

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called: a. the bystander effect b. fundamental attribution error c. deindividuation d. ingroup bias e. mere-exposure effect

b

circumstances that increase ________ are likely to reduce________. a. stress; social loafing b. self awareness; deindividuation c. anonymity; groupthink d. self awareness; social faciliation e. anonymity; stress

b

Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates: a. mere-exposure effect b. bystander effect c. social facilitation d. group polarization e. deindividuation

c

Norms are best described as: a. personality traits we inherit b. a persons characteristic emotional reaction to stress c. rules for socially acceptable behavior d. buffer zones we like to maintain between ourselves and others e. our deeply held beliefs about what is normal and ethical

c

Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to: a. social norms b. role-playing c. personality traits d. the mere-exposure effect e. situational experiences

c

Refusing to hire qualified job applicants because of the color of their skin is to engage in: a. stereotyping b. deindividuation c. discrimination d. fundamental attribution error e. confirmation bias

c

Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes? a. equity theory b. scapegoat theory c. cognitive dissonance theory d. social exchange theory e. the two-factory theory

c

in 1942, german reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill jews in the village of Jozefow, poland. this incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when: a. they fail to realize their actions are morally wrong b. their victims are distant and depersonalized c. they perceive their orders from legitimate authority figures d. they derive personal satisfaction from destructive acts e. the foot in the door phenomenon is effective

c

the foot in the door phenomenon refers to the tendency to : a. neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group b. perform simple tasks more effectively in the presence of others c. comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request d. lose self-restraint in group situation that foster anonymity e. experience an increasing attraction to novel stimuli as they become more familiar

c

the three components of prejudice: a. schemes, attributions, social scripts b. inequality, frustration, aggression c. beliefs, emotions, predispositions to action d. ingroup bias, mirror-image perceptions, deindividuation e. social loafing, group polarization, groupthink

c

the value of social conformity is most likely to be emphasized in: a. England b. France c. Japan d. US e. Canada

c

when the participants in milgrams experiments were surveyed about taking part in the research they reported that they: a. didn't believe they were actually delivering shock to the learner b. had actually enjoyed shocking the learner c. did not regret taking part in the experiment d. did not believe the study should be repeated e. believed that milgram would stop the experiment before the shocks were delivered

c

in milgrams experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the _______ or the demands of the ______: a. obedient role model; teacher b. teacher; learner c. teacher; defiant role model d. learner; experimenter e. defiant role model; obedient role model

d

social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among: a. women in cultured that value collectivism b. women in cultures that value individualism c. men in cultures that value collectivism d. men in cultures that value individualism e. both men and women in cultured that value collectivism

d

the presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because: a. an increasing familiarity with novel stimuli facilitates liking b. the loss of self-restraint often accompanies arousal and anonymity c. one's focus of attention shifts when playing the role of the actor rather than the observer d. arousal encourages performance of the most likely respoonse e. group discussion enhances whatever attitude is initially dominant in the group

d

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of : a. just-world phenomenon b. obedience c. bystander effect d. social facilitation e. deindividuation

e

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called: a. scapegoating b. deindividuation c. groupthink d. discrimination e. prejudice

e

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates: a. deindividuation b. ingroup bias c. mere-exposure effect d. bystander effect e. chameleon effect

e

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of: a. the bystander effect b. deindividuation c. ingroup bias d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon e. a dispositional attribution

e

The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their: a. nature b. individualism c. collectivism d. social traps e. culture

e

in milgrams obedience experiments, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels of shock when: a. the experimenter was perceived to be an ordinary college student like themselves b. the learner was placed in a different room from the teacher c. they saw that other learners disobeyed the experimenter d. they saw how learners who disobeyed the experimenter were punished e. they were introduced to the learner before the experiment began

b

in the years immediately following the introduction of school desegregation in the United States and the passage of the Civil rights act of 1964, White americans expressed diminishing racial prejudice. According to the text author, the best illustrated the impact of: a. groupthink on deindividuation b. actions on attitudes c. bystanders on altruism d. group polarization on stereotypes e. obedience on conformity

b

social loafing refers to the tendency for people to: a. perform a task more poorly when others are present b. exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts towards a common goal c. exert less effort when they are paid by the hour d. become more distracted from their tasks when working with friends than strangers e. stop working once they have reached their goal

b

soloman asch reported that individuals conform the the groups ideas of a length of lines: a. only when the group was composed of at least 6 members b. even when the group judgement was clearly incorrect c. even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgement d. only when members of the group were friends prior to the experiment e. only when the group was composed exclusively of males

b

the chameleon effect involves: a. scapegoating b. automatic mimicry c. cognitive dissonance d. fundamental attribution error e. social facilitation

b

Alex thinks drinking sugar-laden sodas is bad for you but other players on his hockey team insist that it is not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if: a. he has publicly voiced his opinion on this issue b. there is obvious disagreement among team players regarding this issue c. he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team d. there are very few team members whom he currently e. the other players consider him to be one of the leaders of the team

c

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to: a. reciprocity norm b. social facilitation c. normative social influence d. informational social influence e. deindividuation

c

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: a. the learners made so few learning errors under stressful circumstances b. the teachers actually enjoyed shocking another person c. the teachers were more obedient than most people would have predicted d. the learners obediently accepted painful shocks without protest e. the teachers so often refused to administer shocks

c

An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of: a. social facilitation b. mere-exposure effect c. bystander effect d. groupthink e. foot in the door

d

Carol is restless during class because her teacher's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The teacher, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and teacher should be informed of the dangers of: a. group polarization b. mere exposure effect c. deindividuation d. fundamental attribution error e. foot-in-the-door phenomenon

d

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner": a. refused to deliver even slight levels of shock b. initially complied but refused to deliver more than slight levels of shock c. complied until ordered to deliver intense levels of shock d. complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock e. refused to deliver shocks to all participants who expressed doubt about the experiment

d

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to: a. deindividuation b. social facilitation c. social psychology d. situational attributions e. self-disclosure theory

d

Mr. Maslova attends faculty meetings simply to gain the approval of the school principal. Mr. Maslova's behavior exemplifies the importance of: a. ingroup bias b. informative social influence c. social facilitation d. normative social influence e. deindividuation

d

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of: a. reciprocity norms b. subordinate goals c. social traps d. implicit attitudes e. confirmation biases

d

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of _______ and overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others. a. normative influences; informational influences b. informational influences; normative influences c. personal dispositions; situational influences d. situational influences; personal dispositions e. actions; attitudes

d

Those who feel socially pressured sometimes assert their freedom by doing the opposite of what is socially expected. This best illustrates: a. foot in the door b. mirror-image perceptions c. chameleon effect d. personal control e. cognitive dissonance theory

d

cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding: a. mere-exposure effect b. group polarization c. fundamental attribution error d. foot-in-the-door phenomenon e. bystander effect

d