AP Psychology Unit 4 review

PET scan

measures glucose consumption as an indicator of brain activity

Myelin Sheath is

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.

If one were admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of their face and a sudden inability to speak, by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find a/an

Abnormality in brain tissue in the left hemisphere

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase energy and are released by the *blank* and *blank*

Adrenal Gland and Nervous System

Damage to the hippocampus would most likely result in what?

Amnesia

Person Y lost their vision at a young age. When they were much older, they received a corneal transplant that allowed them to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, they had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. Their visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the *blank*

Amygdala

Multiple sclerosis is a result of degeneration in the *blank*

Central Nervous System

A volleyball player falls and hits their head on the floor. They attempt to continue practicing, but have trouble maintaining balance. What part of their brain has likely been most affected?

Cerebellum

Hormones are

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream

The *blank* refers to the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Corpus Callosum

Damage to which lobe would most likely interfere with the ability to plan for the future?

Frontal Lobe

If an individual is having trouble with cognitive tasks related to learning and memory, *blank* or *blank* is most likely to be involved with the problem.

Glutamate & Acetylocholine

region of the brain controls our breathing and heartbeat

Medulla

An individual can move their hand to fill out a scantron because of the *blank* located in the *blank* of the brain, allowing them to activate the proper muscles

Motor Cortex & Frontal Lobe

The *blank* is the endocrine systems most influential gland.

Pituitary

If the amygdala of a human is surgically lesioned, what might be the impact on that individual's behavior?

Poor Decision Making & Impaired Emotional Memories

Significant damage to what will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which a person will be unable to awaken

Reticular Formation

The hypothalamus is a *blank* center for the brain?

Reward

The *blank* carries the information necessary to activate withdrawal of the foot from a hot sidewalk

Sensory neuron

most likely in short supply if someone does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost their appetite and feels tired for most of the day.

Serotonin

In the 1950's and 1960's, Roger Sperry performed experiments on cats, monkeys and humans to study functional differences between the two hemispheres of the brain in the United States. To do so he studied the corpus callosum. Sperry severed the corpus callosum in cats and monkeys to study the function of each side of the brain. He found that if hemispheres were not connected, they functioned independently of one another, which he called a/an

Split Brain

Person Q was jogging on a path in the woods. As they went around a curve, they noticed a cougar on the path ahead, staring at them. Immediately, the jogger's pupils dilated, they began to perspire, and their heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the *blank*

Sympathetic Nervous System

Neurotransmitters cross the *blank* to carry information to the next neutron

Synaptic gap

Which part of the brain is sometimes referred to as the brains 'train hub', because it directs incoming sensory messages (with the exception of smell) to their proper places in the brain.

Thalamus

Surgical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex might result in what kinds of false sensations?

Tickling

What were the major findings of Thomas Bouchard's study of twins?

Twins who were raised separately had the same chance of turning out similar as those raised apart

If a person sustained damage to Broca's area what symptoms might they most likely demonstrate?

Understanding of Speech & Inability to Speak

CAT Scan

a method of creating static images of the brain through computerized axial tomography

Action Potential is

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

MRI

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain

PET scan

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

Opiate drugs, such as heroin, are classified as

agonists

The most noticeable difference between human brains and other mammalian brains is the size of the

association areas

What is brain plasticity?

the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

Epigenetics

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change