AP PYSCH

In high school, it did not seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always earned poor grades. Now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. According to the concept of learned helplessness, which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class?

"Why study? There isn't anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills."

The figure shows the distribution of scores on an intelligence test in the general population. As shown in the figure, the mean of the distribution is 100 and the standard deviation is 15. What percentage of the population has an IQ score above 145?

0.13%

A test examining the level of sensation-seeking has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

When 90 year old Mrs. Glass socializes at her senior activity center, she gravitates toward activities she can perform well, which also demonstrates her crystalized intelligence is function. what activity most likely appeals to Mrs. Glass.

A "name that song" game featuring songs from childhood.

The defense mechanism of projection is best illustrated by which of the following examples?

A soccer player who does not have much athletic skill constantly criticizes other athletes' performances.

According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple logic to think about objects and events?

According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple logic to think about objects and events?

holly was injured in a car accident/ her doctor prescribe a medication that increases the action of endorphins to decrease pain.

Agonist

Marcia avoids crowds because she is afraid that she will not be able to escape. She avoids going to movie theaters, riding in elevators, and using public transportation. Sometimes her fear is so overwhelming Marcia doesn't leave her house.Marcia is experiencing which of the following?

Agoraphobia

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory?

Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.

Which of the following concepts was advanced by social psychologists to help explain why people who are part of crowd sometimes commit aggressive, antisocial acts that they would not commit if they were alone?

Deindividualization

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Dhyana is tasked with designing a political campaign that utilizes the peripheral route to persuasion as part of their strategy. Which of the following strategies exemplifies this?

Hiring a well-known actress to stand next to the candidate at a rally

The notion of self-actualization is most closely associated with which approaches to explaining personality.

Humanistic

which of the following best describes results from experiment son conformity?

If the confederates' judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by experimental subjects decreased.

Dr. Emerson is seeing a patient named Nandini who is currently going through a divorce. She has moved out of her house and is staying on a friend's couch. While she is going through this, Nandini is struggling to find meaning in her life. Humanist theorist Abraham Maslow's explanation for Nandini's dissatisfaction with life would most likely be that

Nandini has not fulfilled basic needs (shelter, relationships, love), and thus cannot fulfill higher levels of needs

Joan displays anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and apathy. She also re-experiences disastrous nightmares and vivid memories. Joan is experiencing

PTSD

Special headsets can make objects on the left appear on the right and vice versa. At first people have a hard time walking in their headsets and bump into things but they eventually adjust and navigate through the environment appropriately. What explains this improvement in function

Perceptual adaptation

It is well established that certain autonomic responses such as heart rate, perspiration, and respiration change under stress. In view of the fact that people generally have stronger autonomic responses from lying then when telling the truth, it follows that the polygraph would be a foolproof approach to lie detection. Which statement best explains why the polygraph is not more widely used in court rooms and in testing of job applicants?

Physiological arousal is much of the same for several emotions so the polygraph cannot reliably distinguish guilt from other reactions.

which of the following scenarios best describe a person experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict?

Zephry being offered admission and a scholarship to a great college. Would like to accept but college is 200 miles from their home and scholarship does not include the high cost of housing.

Four-year-old Sawyer's mother is helping him put together a puzzle that he cannot put together alone. When his mother tries to help, she realizes that Sawyer is ready to learn this skill on his own. Cognitive psychologists such as Lev Vygotsky would label this as what psychological process for child learning?

Zone of proximal development

damage to cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

a loss of motor coordination

Andy is softhearted, good-natured, trusting, helpful, forgiving, gullible, and straightforward. Based on these characteristics, he is most likely to score high on which of the Big Five trait measures?

agreeableness

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her

chronological age

A cancer patient becomes nauseated following chemotherapy treatments. After a few treatments, the patient begins having a sick feeling whenever entering the treatment room. The treatment room has become

conditioned stimulus

Researchers examined injury reports for 480 professional football games and determined there was an association between outdoor temperature and number of concussions reported. Which of the following best describes the type of research method used in this study?

correlation

in a classic study that stimulated a prison in the basement of a building on a college campus, young men were assigned roles as either guards or prisoners . the results of the study showed which of the following?

d) situations can exert powerful effects behavior

In order to get more audience participation, a radio show offers a prize to the first person to call the show at the beginning of every hour. The show is using which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

fixed- interval

in experiments on obedience, which of the following concepts is a possible explanation for participants' willingness to apply increasingly intense shocks to a confederate in the other room?

foot-in-the-door.

Visual acuity is best in the

fovea

eleanor gibson and her colleagues have use the visual cliff to measure an infants ability to perceive

patterns

which of the following perspectives suggest that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feeling that originate in early childhood?

psychodynamic

According to Albert Bandura, people who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of

self-efficacy

Marissa lives in a major city where she is much more likely to be hit by a car than she is to be bitten by a snake. However, Marissa has a phobia of snakes, not a phobia of cars. This is most likely due to the influence of

shaping

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

B Classical conditioning involves the formation of associations between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning involves the formation of associations between responses and their consequences.

During a political debate, Candidate A expresses detailed facts on an important issue. Candidate B responds with an emotional appeal on the same issue. Which method of persuasion is each of the candidates using?

Candidate A using the central routeCandidate B is using the peripheral route

Firefighters are often required to walk through local buildings and drive trucks around the areas they serve as part of their training. The most likely purpose of this type of training is to develop.

Cognitive Map

Dr. Rickman is a mental health professional who believes that the diathesis-stress model best explains how psychological disorders develop. Which of the following statements best describes Dr. Rickman's beliefs about the causes of psychological disorders?

Dr. Rickman believes that disorders develop from genetic vulnerability aggravated by adverse life experiences.

After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?

Drive reduction

Tamara's coach reminds the team not to eat for several hours before the basketball game because the digestive process will be slowed down due to the intense activity. Which of the following aspects of the peripheral nervous system is directly responsible for slowing down digestive processes during the game?

Sympathetic nervous system

which of the following individuals has high self-efficacy according to the social-cognitive theory of personality

Marina knows that if she puts extra effort into completing all of her homework assignments in math this year, her efforts will pay off with better grades.

Ms. Ritter is a high school math teacher. She believes that some people are born good at math and others are not. At the beginning of the new school term, she was informed that her incoming class had poor performance on prior standardized tests. Which of the following is a likely outcome for Ms. Ritter and the upcoming school year?

Ms. Ritter will likely see her students' poor test results during the school year as confirmation of her beliefs that math abilities are fixed

Dave feels guilty after eating three slices of chocolate cake. However, he tells himself not to worry because he ate a very light lunch earlier in the day. What defense mechanism is Dave relying on?

Rationalization

Annie experiences disorganized thinking and communicates with people who do not exist. Which of the following is the most likely classification of Annie's problems?

Schizophrenia

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

Transforming frustrated urges, especially sexual urges, into more socially accepted forms of behavior.

Sublimation

Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?

The injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms

A researcher wants to determine which studying technique would be more effective: massed practice or distributed practice. The researcher randomly assigns 30 students to two groups and gives them a list of vocabulary words to remember. One of the groups uses a massed practice technique. The other uses a distributed practice technique. The researcher gives the students a quiz four days later to see how well they remembered their list of words. He compared the scores for both groups. What is the dependent variable in this study?

The vocabulary quiz scores

An individual bystander is most likely to help an injured person under which of the following circumstances?

When the bystander is the only other person present

Self-help and support groups are an outgrowth of which therapeutic perspective?

humanistic perspective

Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by

inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes serotonin less available.

In the Strange Situation setting, a toddler named George engages in very little exploration and spends almost all of his time with his caregiver when the caregiver is present. George's attachment style is best described as which of the following?

insecure

Aashna works at a florist's shop. She enjoys the work so much that she often comes in to work early or stays late, even though she does not get paid extra for doing so. Aashna's behavior is best explained by

intrinsic motivation

Elizabeth picks up the clothes from her bedroom floor and puts them away to avoid her mother's repeated nagging. Elizabeth's behavior is being influenced by

negative reinforcement