AP Test

Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to

use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production

The labor patterns shown in the table are most directly relevant in understanding which broader process in nineteenth-century Europe?

The development of new class identities

A historian interpreting the decree would best understand the purpose of the "new legislation" referred to in the second paragraph as an attempt to

allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers

The industrialization of Japan in the nineteenth century most directly led to Japan's adoption of which of the following foreign policies?

A policy of imperial expansion that sought to take advantage of the political and military weakness of neighboring Asian states

Which of the following describes a conclusion about Asia that is best supported by the data in the table?

Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.

All of the following statements about Armand-Guy Kersaint are factually accurate. Which would best explain why, unlike the author of Source 2, Kersaint is NOT calling for the unconditional and immediate abolition of slavery?

At the time of the French Revolution, Kersaint owned plantations and other property in the French Caribbean.

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900 ?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the economic development of Japan and the economic development of Russia in the nineteenth century?

Both countries industrialized, with the state playing an important role in the process.

The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

Britain had large reserves of coal.

Which of the following most directly influenced the arguments about social and economic change in Saint-Domingue expressed by Kersaint and Saint-Maurice in the passages?

Enlightenment thinkers

Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?

Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.

The decree's references to following the rules of Shari'a would best be interpreted as an attempt to appeal to

Sunni religious elites within the Ottoman government who opposed modernization

Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?

The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.

The decree's statement regarding the change in the situation of the Ottoman Empire, as described in the first paragraph, is a viewpoint that would most likely have been shared by members of which of the following governments in the nineteenth century?

The Qing Empire in the aftermath of the signing of the unequal treaties

The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance

Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?

The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions.

The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?

The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution

The data in the table best provide historical context to understand which of the following developments in mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain?

The emergence of social reform movements

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

The greater degree of labor specialization

The Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century involved internal reforms that included which of the following?

The modernization of Japan's military

The "objections" that the chairman refers to in the first paragraph can most directly be explained in relation to which of the following arguments commonly made by laissez-faire economists in the period 1750-1900 ?

The monopolistic practices of government-chartered joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company distorted market competition and hurt consumers.

As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?

The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies

Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?

The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.

In your response, be sure to address all parts of the question. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Answer all parts of the question that follows. a) Describe ONE feature of nationalism in the period 1750-1900. b) Explain ONE political development in the period 1750-1900 that helped spread nationalism. c) Identify ONE instance in the period 1750-1900 in which nationalism was used to create a new state.

answer

In your response, you will be assessed on the following. Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence. Use historical reasoning (e.g., comparison, causation, continuity or change) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the prompt. In the period 1750-1900, the economies of numerous states in Europe, North America, and Asia underwent industrialization. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent of economic change that the process of industrialization brought to Asia.

answer

Source 1 "Dislocated and impoverished, many urban newcomers [including women] lived in the utmost misery. Working women started political groups of their own. Many kept alive the language and dreams of revolutionary Europe in an ongoing series of strikes, political movements, and new waves of revolution. Filled with ambition for liberty, working women started political groups of their own and engaged in political struggle. Simultaneously, middle-class women began organizing a mass feminist movement to obtain education, property and marital rights, and the vote." Bonnie G. Smith, United States historian of Europe, Changing Lives: Women in European History Since 1700, 1989 Source 2 "Over the long run the average standard of living rose substantially in Britain for both women and men. [The misery] of those who endured the unhealthy housing and working conditions and the cycles of boom and bust . . . was [diminished] by the middle of the nineteenth century. Both sexes benefited from [a decline in birth rates] but women doubtless experienced greater gains here. Wives whose wage work was vital to family wage pooling, such as in cotton textiles, may have gained leverage in bargaining with their husbands. In the workplace, women's occupations were restricted and segregated; crowding in few occupations contributed to lower female wages. The job segregation . . . meant continuing gender inequality in both labor market and the family. Women and children formed a flexible workforce; they entered labor markets, serving as helpers to men, holding jobs that did not require long training or had little authority or that men did not want." Louise A. Tilly, United States historian, academic article, 1993 In your response, be sure to address all parts of the question. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Use the passages to answer all parts of the question that follows. a) Identify ONE nineteenth-century ideology that likely influenced the various forms of political activism referred to in Source 1. b) Explain ONE economic process in the nineteenth century that accounts for the changes in the lives of working women as described in the two passages. c) Explain ONE way in which the authors focus on different aspects of the experience of women in the nineteenth century.

answer

The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the

low wages of workers in industrial societies

Kersaint and Saint-Maurice's arguments about granting citizenship to the Black inhabitants of Saint-Domingue are most different from the arguments of those nationalists who claimed that

only those born within the territory of the nation and those who shared a common historical origin should be included as citizens within the nation

All of the following claims made by Saint-Maurice in Source 2 directly advocate for the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue EXCEPT

that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun"