AP US Government -- Amendments
Which constitutional amendment provides for the expansion of individual rights found in the Bill of Rights?
14th amendments
Which amendment expanded suffrage to African Americans?
15th amendment
Based on your knowledge of the Fourteenth Amendment, which of the following statement is accurate? A) The Fourteenth Amendment was adopted in response to segregation laws that existed in the South after the Civil War. B) The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause can only be used to protect individuals against violations of federal laws. C) Children of undocumented immigrants born in the United States are not citizens. D) The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment can only be applied if the due process clauses of the Fifth Amendment is violate.
A
Which of the following best describes what the Fifth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment have in common? A) Both prevent government from depriving a person of life, liberty, add property without due process of law B) Both speak of powers reserve to the states. C) Both deal with criminal prosecutions. D) Both prevent the government from denying to any person the equal protection of the law.
A
The fact that there is a free exercise clause in the First Amendment of the Constitution illustrates that A) free speech conflicts with the separation of the church and state. B) wearing religious clothing is prohibited in public schools. C) faith-based initiatives are unconstitutional. D) there is a balance between secular and religious interests.
D
Which of the following rights does the First Amendment protect? A) Due process of the law in any criminal case B) Retention of personal property unless justly compensated by the government. C) Not being subjected to excessive fines or unusual punishment D) petitioning the government for a redress of grievances.
D
Which amendments protects "the right of the people peaceably to assemble"?
First amendment
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) - The Court ruled that the ____, _____, ____, _____, and ________ Amendments created "zones of privacy" and enhanced the concept of enumerated rights.
First, Third, Fourth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments
In the 1989 Texas v. Johnson decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the burning of an American flag was constitutionally protected. According to the Court, the decision was based on which reason?
Flag burning is a symbolic from of speech.
Civil rights are guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause of the _____ Amendment, which was added to the Constitution after the Civil War to prevent states from discriminating against former slaves and to protect former slaves' rights.
Fourteenth
Gitlow v. New York (1925) - The Court applied the protections of free speech to the states under the due process clause of the _____ Amendment
Fourteenth
Rights of the Accused Several amendments of the Bill of Rights address the rights of those accused of crimes. The ______ Amendment extends those protections to apply to the states.
Fourteenth
The _______ Amendment defined citizenship to include the former slaves and provided for due process and equal protection, which were used by the Supreme Court to apply the Bill of Rights to the state and local governments.
Fourteenth
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) - The Court ruled that evidence obtained without a search warrant was excluded from trial in state courts. Mapp v. Ohio involved the application of the exclusionary rule to the states. The exclusionary rule is the Court's effort to deter illegal police conduct by barring from court evidence that has been obtained in violation of the ________ Amendment.
Fourth
_____ Amendment: Search and Seizure. Warrants based on probable cause.
Fourth
A lawyer arguing against the government actions (the National Security Agency spying on American citizens) would invoke which constitutional amendment?
Fourth amendment reason: recording American's conversation without a warrant, violates the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure)
3rd amendment
Freedom from quartering troops no soldier shall be quartered in your home without your consent
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Press Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Petition
_____ Amendment provides that individuals have rights in addition to those expressly listed in the Bill of Rights.
Ninth
8th amendment
No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment
After the Civil War three amendments were passed to ensure the rights of the former slaves.
The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment defined citizenship to include the former slaves and provided for due process and equal protection, which were used by the Supreme Court to apply the Bill of Rights to the state and local governments. The Fifteenth Amendment provided that individuals could not be denied the right to vote based on race or the fact that they were once a slave.
_______ Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are referred to as the Bill of Rights.
The first ten
Certain rights shall not be created to deny or disparage other rights of the people
9th
Which amendment includes the citizenship clause?
14th amendment
15th amendment
1. All races may vote 2. cannot deny right to vote because of race, gives former slaves right to vote
5th amendment
1. Indictment by grand jury (right to grand jury in major cases) 2. no double jeopardy 3. no self-incrimination(cannot be forced to testify against oneself) 4. guarantee of due process of law 5. eminent domain
Powers not delegated to the federal- level US by the Constitution is reserved for the states or the people
10th
Can be found in the "Equal Protection Clause" in the ______ Amendment.
14th
Originally the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights applied only to the national government (Barron v. Baltimore, 1833). Until the _____ Amendment.
14th
Since the ratification of the _____ Amendment the Supreme Court has selectively incorporated the Bill of Rights to the States.
14th
The Bill of Rights and the "Due Process Clause" in the ______ Amendment protect civil liberties for example.
14th
Two major parts of the _____ Amendment Due Process clause: used to incorporate civil liberties Equal protection clause: used to enforce civil rights
14th
Which amendment has been used to selectively incorporate the Bill of Rights?
14th amendment
Which amendment secured the right to vote for women?
19th Amendment
Protects freedom of religion (amendment)
1st
_______ Amendment guarantees the "right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Freedom of assembly and petition applies to both private and public places, allowing citizens to make their views known to government officials through petitions, letters, picketing, demonstrations, parades, and marches. The courts have protected these rights while allowing the government to set limits to protect the rights and safety of others.
1st
District of Columbia vs. Heller (2008): The Supreme Court held that the _____ Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm.
2nd
The right to bear arms is guaranteed in the _____ amendment.
2nd
which amendment? McDonald v. Chicago (2010): incorporated individual rights to restrict state and local gun control laws.
2nd
Which amendment protects the right to bear arms?
2nd amendment
These two amendments have yet to be incorporated, addressing quartering soldiers and jury trials in civil cases.
3rd and 7th amendments
Requires that evidence illegally seized by law enforcement cannot be used in criminal prosecution. (amendment)
4th
The Supreme Court, in Mapp v. Ohio, ruled that evidence obtained without a search warrant could be excluded from trial in state courts. This finding upholds the constitutional guarantee of no unreasonable search and seizure found in the ______ amendment.
4th
This constitutional provision protects an individual's right against unreasonable searches and seizures. (amendment)
4th Amendment
Which amendment protects individuals against unreasonable search and seizure?
4th amendment
Protection of rights to life, liberty, and happiness
5th
Rights of accused persons in criminal cases
6th
This constitutional provision guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to counsel, and the right to confront and present witnesses, among other legal protections (amendment)
6th Amendment
This constitutional provision protects an individual from cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines. (amendment)
8th Amendment
Which amendment forbids cruel and unusual punishment?
8th amendment
What are the two clauses in the 14th amendment that have been used to incorporate civil rights and civil liberties?
Equal Protection Clause and Due Process Clause
Which of the following situations could be a violation of the privacy clause of the Fourteenth Amendment based on prior Supreme Court decisions? A) The police obtain a search warrant to search a cell phone to find out whom a suspect called. B) A citizen is put into solitary confinement for getting into a fight while serving time in prison. C) A state passes a law that bans abortions before the twentieth week of a pregnancy. D) A college bans housing that allows males and females to live in the same room.
C
The Constitution creates a "wall of separation of between Church and State" in the words of the ________ Clause.
Establishment Clause
What are the two religious freedom clauses of the 1st amendment?
Establishment and Free Exercise Clause
The _______ Amendment provided that individuals could not be denied the right to vote based on race or the fact that they were once a slave.
Fifteenth
______ Amendment: Self-Incrimination, No Double Jeopardy, Eminent Domain
Fifth
Engel v. Vitale (1962): prayer in public schools was a violation of the _____ Amendment's establishment clause.
First
The _____ Amendment contains two elements regarding religion and government.
First
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - The Court ruled that wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War was symbolic speech, protected by the ______Amendment.
First
______ Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment, No excessive bail.
Eighth
Which clause of the 14th amendment has largely been used to incorporate civil rights?
Equal Protection Clause
The 24th amendment abolished which voting restriction?
Poll Taxes
13th amendment
Prohibition of slavery abolishes slavery
24th amendment
Prohibits poll tax
19th amendment
Right for women to vote
6th amendment
Right to Speedy and public trial Right to confrontation of witnesses right to legal counsel right to impartial jury right to an attorney right to know charges, etc.
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
seventh amendment
Right to trial by jury right of trial by jury with amount in controversy over $20
9th amendment
Rights retained by the people any rights not specifically enumerated belong to the people
10th Amendment
Rights retained by the states any powers not given to the US government or denied to States belong to States
____ Amendment: Right to an Attorney
Sixth
______ Amendment also guarantees a right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
Sixth
______ Amendment (1868): No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
The 14th
The key issue in school prayer cases is which 1st amendment clause?
The Establishment Clause
The _______ Amendment abolished slavery.
Thirteenth
The ________ Amendment (1964) outlawed poll taxes in federal elections.
Twenty-fourth
4th amendment
Unreasonable search and seizures are illegal must have probable clause to issue search warrants
14th amendment
a constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians apply Bill of Rights to states due process clause equal protection clause
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) - The Court ruled that the _____ amendment did not protect "fighting words."
first
