AP World Unit 6 Test

A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful? A African accounts of converting to Christianity B Fundraising speeches given in Europe by supporters of missionary efforts C Data on the number of missionaries going to Africa D Recruitment advertisements for missionaries in church newsletters in Europe

A African accounts of converting to Christianity

Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century? A Both were attracted by employment opportunities. B Both rejected the cultural traditions of their homelands. C Both were mostly from the upper and middle classes. D Both were exclusively from minority communities in their home countries.

A Both were attracted by employment opportunities.

The trade patterns shown on the map above depict A British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century B major slave trading routes in the nineteenth century C British trade routes that developed as a result of the disruption caused by the First World War D illicit drug routes that developed in the second half of the twentieth century

A British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century

The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880? A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians. B Tahiti provided France with valuable sources of raw materials as well as with markets for French manufactured goods. C The spread of Enlightenment ideas and anticolonial movements led many Tahitians to demand independence from France. D French control of Tahiti was under threat from expanding rival colonial empires in the Pacific, such as Great Britain, Japan, and the United States.

A Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.

In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following? A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies B The abolitionist movement to end slavery C The creation of industrialized economies in Europe D Efforts by European missionaries to convert non-Europeans to Christianity for their spiritual salvation

A European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies

Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire? A Japan B China C Brazil D Argentina

A Japan

The yellow and white races which are to be found on the globe have been endowed by nature with intelligence and fighting capacity. They are fundamentally incapable of giving way to each other. Hence, glowering and poised for a fight, they have engaged in battle in the world of evolution, the great arena where strength and intelligence have clashed since earliest times, the great theater where for so long natural selection and progress have been played out." The quotation above by an early-twentieth-century Chinese revolutionary illustrates the influence of A Social Darwinism B communism C National Socialism D anarchism

A Social Darwinism

A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade A shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China B marked the transition from mercantilist trade toward capitalist free trade C was the first time that Europeans used migrant labor to grow crops for global distribution D relied upon industrial techniques of production and modern consumer marketing

A shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule B syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies C nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals D settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies

A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule

In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following? A Provide treatment for opium addicts in China B Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China C Prevent all foreign trade from entering China D End the concessions made to Britain during the Opium Wars

B Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China

As illustrated by the passage, which of the following best explains the persistence of slavery in some parts of the Americas into the late nineteenth century? A Urban middle-class families increasingly relied on the labor of slaves as more women joined the workforce. B Cash-crop plantation agriculture remained an important part of some nations' economies. C Constitutions in the Americas continued to expressly deny citizens the legal rights that had long been established in Europe. D Railroads, steamships, and other technologies greatly facilitated new migration to the Americas.

B Cash-crop plantation agriculture remained an important part of some nations' economies.

Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution C Albert Einstein's theory of relativity D Marie Curie's theory of radioactivity

B Charles Darwin's theory of evolution

Which of the following resulted from Europe's expansion overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? A Europe's population size and industrial productivity declined. B European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade. C The number of workers needed for European factories declined. D Mechanized agriculture spread worldwide.

B European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade.

The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes? A The creation of mercantilist empires to extract natural resources B European states' establishment of settler colonies C European companies' establishment of overseas trading posts D Japan's creation of its own empire in Asia

B European states' establishment of settler colonies

Which of the following pieces of data from the table most directly contradicts the claims of European imperial powers that colonies existed for the benefit of the colonized? A Colonized peoples were expected to pay taxes to support the colonial government. B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure. C The colonial government received income from the postal system and from telegraph services. D A significant portion of the colonial budget was provided by the French government.

B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure.

The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts? A Nationalism B Imperialism C Liberalism D Marxism

B Imperialism

Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world? A The beginning of the transatlantic slave trade B Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil C The search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin America D Construction of textile factories in Africa and Asia E The partition of Africa by European imperial powers

B Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil

Which of the following statements is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century? A Most migrants rejected their culture in favor of total assimilation. B Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities. C Most migrants traveled seasonally as agricultural laborers. D Migrants were primarily women seeking employment as factory workers.

B Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.

The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following? A Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers C Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle D Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations

B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers

Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815 to 1914 ? A The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England, and France. B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans. C The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, and French, sought to impede German unification. D The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe. E The Ottomans and the French cooperated in colonizing North Africa.

B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans.

The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? A Some European states established trading-post empires. B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. C Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. D Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.

B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies.

Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments? A The restructuring of traditional social hierarchies B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation C The growing popularity of free-trade economic policies D The emergence of transnational businesses

B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation

A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following? A The decreasing importance of mercantilist policies in the development of the global economy B The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies C The growing importance of Social Darwinist ideology in the development of imperial economies D The importance of access to coerced labor in the development of industrial economies

B The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies

On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A Dramatic population increases leading to the adoption of new government policies to limit the birth of children B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men C A greater reliance on children performing indentured labor D An increase in workers joining labor unions to demand higher wages

B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men

On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the A dramatic increase of migrants from colonial societies to imperial metropoles B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule C increased influence of laissez-faire economic philosophies among nationalist leaders in colonial societies D growth of labor union membership among colonial populations

B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule

Based on the passage, the author would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements? A Britain's founding of Australia followed God's command to convert non-Whites. B All peoples of the world have the right to determine their own government. C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa. D Nations go to war with each other mainly to gain precious metals.

C Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.

A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful? A Records of labor and trade union meetings B A tally of political speeches in favor of versus those opposed to colonial expansion C Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas D Data on prices of luxury goods

C Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas

Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century? A The popularity of democratic values among Asians B A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powers C Europe's development of new military technologies D Asians' lack of resistance to European diseases E Europe's ability to send numerically superior armies to Asia

C Europe's development of new military technologies

Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? A Africans' unified resistance to European intervention B Europeans' desire to develop industry in Africa C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy D Africans' widespread acceptance of European laws

C Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy

In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the A Chinese were brave and honorable opponents B Japanese fought by using time-honored samurai tactics and weapons C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing D Chinese actively sought foreign help against the Japanese

C Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress and military bearing

Which of the following best explains all of the migration movements shown on the map above? A Large labor surpluses in India and China, due to the success of British and Qing agricultural reforms B The end of the slave trade in the Americas and the intensification of European colonial expansion in Africa C Labor shortages in plantation agriculture, the mineral extraction industry, and transportation projects D The end of revolutions in the Americas and the establishment of the American republics

C Labor shortages in plantation agriculture, the mineral extraction industry, and transportation projects

A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. B Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. D Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.

C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.

n Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following? A The persistence of slavery in spite of the abolitionist movement in the British Empire B The growth of women's movements pushing for greater education and domestic rights C The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule D The revival of traditional Hindu and Muslim religious beliefs in India

C The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule

Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving? A The Japanese government considered its geographical proximity to China to be of primary importance. B The Japanese government focused its expansionist policy on Australia and New Zealand. C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power. D The Japanese government was eager to develop trade ties with the United States.

C The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.

Which of the following best accounts for the circumstances of Indian workers alluded to in Poem 1 ? A The increasing migration of Indian laborers to industrialized urban areas B The cultural divisions between Indian Muslim migrants and Indian Hindu migrants C The coerced migration of Indian indentured servants D The pattern of many Indian migrants returning to their homeland after their contracts ended

C The coerced migration of Indian indentured servants

The two passages best represent which of the following justifications for European imperialism? A The idea that the colonies would provide opportunities for the settlement of European farmers B The nationalist competition among European states over colonial territory C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples D The acquisition of new markets and territories

C The concept of the European mission to civilize colonized peoples

In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? A Laissez-faire liberalism B The ideology of nationalism C The concept of the civilizing mission D The racial theory of Social Darwinism

C The concept of the civilizing mission

Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image? A The spread of Marxist ideas B The Taiping Rebellion in China C The scramble for Africa D The unification of Germany

C The scramble for Africa

The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century A used Enlightenment ideas to justify their attempts to convert conquered populations to Christianity B attempted to consolidate their conquests by enrolling local populations into imperial service C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions D facilitated cultural exchange between different religious groups to conquer neighboring states

C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions

The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage A neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations B disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India D attributes historical events to divine intervention

C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India

The photograph best illustrates which aspect of population movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations. B They were often undertaken to displace labor force lost to war or disease. C They often resulted in the decline or disappearance of native religious traditions. D They often caused intercommunal violence.

C They often involved the spread of cultural traditions into new locations.

Which of the following best summarizes the two plans for improving nutrition in Britain's colonies? A Both sources emphasize the need to expand economic production in the colonies. B Both sources emphasize the need to educate farmers in order to improve agricultural practices. C Both sources emphasize the need to respect traditional African economic practices and gender norms. D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.

D Both sources emphasize the need to enlist the cooperation of Africans in implementing colonial policies.

The revenues section of the table can best be used to illustrate which of the following continuities between pre-1900 and post-1900 European imperialism? A Competition between European colonial powers encouraged imperial expansion. B Some African peoples successfully resisted colonial economic exploitation. C Colonial powers directly subsidized most of the expenditures needed to maintain their colonies. D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.

D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.

The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments? A European states using their control over maritime trade routes to impoverish non-European societies B European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies C European states taking advantage of religious conflicts in non-European societies to expand their influence D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power

D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power

The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa? A European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate B European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations C European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations

D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations

Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes? A The worsening of gender imbalances in receiving societies, as the great majority of migrants were men B Restrictions on migrants performing industrial labor in factories in the receiving societies C Reverse migration, whereby most migrants returned to their countries of origin after becoming financially secure D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies

D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies

The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following? A Improvements in medical care B Restrictions of educational opportunities for colonial subjects C Local resistance to colonial rule D Influence of scientific theories on race

D Influence of scientific theories on race

Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species? A It became the basis for scientific research of human development. B It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants. C It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

D It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

The conditions described in the passage are best seen as a continuation of which of the following nineteenth-century developments? A Attempts to regulate immigration in developing countries B Increases in agricultural productivity contributing to population growth C Nationalist rebellions against monarchical rule D The practice of economic imperialism by industrialized states

D The practice of economic imperialism by industrialized states

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following? A The economic decline of Asian states resulting from the importation of cheap consumer goods from Europe B The growing economic influence of European immigrants in China C The declining political power of European joint-stock companies in Asia because of states assuming direct imperial control D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

Which of the following best describes the likely purpose of the photograph? A To document the changes in Polynesian political hierarchies and gender roles brought about by imperialism B To illustrate the photographer's belief that Tahitians were racially inferior to Europeans C To record the rapidly vanishing customs and institutions of native Polynesians D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations

D To reassure the French public of the civilizing effects of colonial rule and the loyalty of colonial populations

Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by A military conquests of large territories administered as military states B intense colonization and settlement of large areas C active international interaction through trade and diplomacy D coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements E frequent coastal raids along with racial segregation imposed on conquered peoples

D coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements

Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880 ? A The end of taxes paid to the government in cash B The weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elite C Access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin Americans D Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Americans E Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans

E Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin Americans

In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by A widespread trade in opium B the encouragement of slavery C extensive conquest of territory D small military enclaves along coastlines E competition among imperialist powers

E competition among imperialist powers