APCSP BI 2- Data - Binary Numbers and Other
A television show features contestants with a variety of different talents. After the contestants highlight their talents, each of the three judges gives either a "thumbs up" or a "thumbs down". The live audience also votes and if a majority votes as "thumbs up", then the overall audience vote is a "thumbs up". Else, the overall audience vote is a "thumbs down". Online voting works in the same fashion. The final results are indicated in a sequence of 5 bits, with the rightmost 3 bits representing the votes of the three judges, the leftmost bit representing the online vote, and the bit second from the left representing the overall live audience vote. A bit value of 1 signifies a "thumbs up" vote and a bit value of O represents a "thumbs down" vote. The three judge's votes are weighted twice as high as the online or live audience votes, which are weighted equally. The weighted votes are simply added together and the contestant with the greatest value of weighted votes wins the talent show. The following are the final voting results for the four contestants. Contestant A: 11001 Contestant B: 10110 Contestant C: 01101 Contestant D: 00111 Which contestant won the competition?
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A website tracking data on high schools around the country maintains a school profile on each school affiliated with it to be able to share with colleges. These files contain quantitative information about the school and help to paint a picture of what the schools value. The website requires that the size of the file shared by the high schools must be belowa certain threshold of size. Why might the website restrict this?
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Binary number sequences can be used to represent multiple types of data, including images, data, numbers, text, and sound. The computer determines what type of data a number sequence represents by the context in which it is used. Which of the following could NOT be represented by the sequence 0100 0001?
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Computer systems use binary numbers to represent data that it processes. If it has a number in memory represented by the binary number 0010 1001, and it is processing an instruction to add the decimal number 21 to it, what is the resulting number in binary format?
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Computers keep a track of time by counting the number of seconds that have passed since January 1st, 1970, at 12:00:00. We store these numbers in 32-bits. However, on January 19th, 2038, we will run out of bits to express time. Since this would result in negative numbers and cause software to crash and computers to stop running, we need to change computers to a 64-bit system. Which of the following BEST describes the number of values we can express using a 64-bit system instead of a 32-bit system?
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Consider the following: 0110 1011 0010 1011 This sequence represents
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Jerry and Ron are each working on programs with different purposes and implementations. They each use the following binary sequence in their programs: 0110 1100 0100 0111 Which of the following statements is true?
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Spreadsheet programs are fantastic ways to represent data in order to sort and analyze. Many spreadsheet programs offer the ability to format cells with borders and fill colors. Why might a user want to be able to filter a column by color?
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Which of the following can be represented by a single binary digit? Select TWO answers.
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A photograph was loaded into Photoshop and stored as a Vector SVG file. Which of the following is a true statement? a. The image could be enlarged without impacting quality. b. The image was compressed and can never recover the lost pieces. c. The size of the photo is smaller in the SVG format than it would be in a JPEG. d. Vector files are a collection of information about the pixels of the image
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The use of a dashboard to display charts and figures for large data sets has become very common. Whether you are looking at the data from a Youtube channel, a bank statement, or the production rate of a solar array, you often see data arranged into colorful graphs and custom displays to make the data easier to interpret and share. Which of the following might be a reason against using a dashboard display of data? a. A dashboard does not have direct access to the data and may have a large lag time. b. Images are significantly harder to share over the internet. c. It only shows a selection of the data. d. A dashboard could be accomplished in a downloaded report instead.
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One way of communicating hexadecimal color codes is in the following way: #RRGGBB. The first pair of numbers represents the red color value (R), the second pair represents the green color value (G), and the third pair represents the blue color value (B). Sometime a simplified color code scheme is used that follows this format: #RGB. In this format, only the first digits of each color component from the original format are used (#RRGGBB). Which of the following is true about using the simplified color scheme?
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A software company that offers services to create and store passwords offers its users the ability to check their internet security by looking at all stored passwords to check each are secured. It then displays a list of each site and how secure the password is for each site. Consider the user interface for the site. Which of the following would be the best way to share whether the passwords were at the following levels: strong, good, OK, or bad, such that the user could take action to fix weak passwords? a. A histogram showing how many sites had passwords of each level. b. A pie chart showing how many sites had passwords of each level. c. A list of each site and its password's level. d. A heat map showing the percentage of passwords of each level.
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High schools across the world receive data from the College Board after an administration of the SAT. This information either comes in the form of a report showcasing key information or as a CSV file that can contains all of the raw records for each examination. The records typically list the name of the student, demographic information and their score on the various subskills that make up the test. Which of the following would be an advantage of the CSV file?
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Three students (Alex, Bryan, and Carmen) are working on creating an app for a computer science project. They created an initial version of the app and then updated the app based on the feedback from two focus groups. The students have also collected more feedback and data through online surveys. When cleaning the data, the students notice that some of the survey responses were written in a language other than English. What's the best step that the students can take with regard to these responses so that they receive the most meaningful feedback?
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One of the features of Gapminder is a search feature that allows users to highlight a certain country. The country's data is tracked throughout the years, so at the end of the animation, the user can see the country's path. Here's the 2015 graph again, this time with the search feature used to find Cambodia: Note, the data point labeled 1910 is the first data point available for Cambodia. What trends are evident in the graph above that would NOT be identifiable without the search feature? Select TWO answers. a. There were only two stretches of time when Cambodia followed the general trend of other countries: as income increases, life expectancy increases. b. A significant event in Cambodia's history must have impacted its life expectancy. c. In 2015, the life expectancy in Cambodia was about 70 years old. d. In 2015, the income per person in Cambodia was about 3500.
a and b
Which of the following can be represented by exactly two binary digits? Select TWO answers. a. Compass directions (North, South, East, West) b. Classifying a student by whether or not they are passing and whether or not they have perfect attendance. c. The first letter of someone's last name. d. a person's height
a and b
A programmer developed a mathematical engine that could perform basic mathematical calculations. The engine required that it be given exactly three consecutive bytes of information. The first byte would signify an integer. The second byte would indicate the mathematical operation, and the third byte would be another integer. For example, to divide 12 by 3, the first byte would represent the number 12, the second byte would signify division, and the third byte would represent the number 3. The engine would return the result in decimal format. The second byte could have the following values: 0000 0000 = addition 0000 0001 = subtraction 0000 0010 = multiplication 0000 0011 = division What would this mathematical engine return if it were given the following stream of bits? 0001 0000 0000 0010 0000 0011 a. 48 b. 32 c. 13 d. 19
a. 48
Which of the following BEST characterizes the ability of modern computers to process quantitative and qualitative data? a. Computers, when programmed using appropriate algorithms, can effectively process both quantitative and qualitative data. b. Computers, because they ultimately translate all data into binary, are only useful in processing and interpreting quantitative data. They have limited or no ability to process qualitative data. c. Computers, because they ultimately translate all data into binary, are only useful in processing and interpreting qualitative data. They have limited or no ability to process quantitative data. d. A single computer can only work with quantitative data, but by connecting to the internet, the qualitative data processing has become possible.
a. Computers, when programmed using appropriate algorithms, can effectively process both quantitative and qualitative data.
Rachel is planning on writing code that will have to do computations with very large numbers. Which of the following is the most important issue she should check before writing her code? a. Rachel should look up how many bits are used to store integers and floating point numbers in the programming language she is using. b. Rachel should reset her machine to store data using hexadecimal values instead of binary. c. Rachel should run a program to ensure that she has enough memory on her machine just to write the program itself. d. Rachel does not have to worry about the size of the numbers.
a. Rachel should look up how many bits are used to store integers and floating point numbers in the programming language she is using.
Gapminder is a free online tool that allows for easy data visualization. It was created by a Swedish foundation in order to help people make connections and find trends in large amounts of data. Here's what the data visualization looks like: The vertical axis displays life expectancy. The horizontal axis displays income per person. Each circle represents a country. The size of the circle represents the population of the country (larger circles represent countries with larger populations). The play button at the bottom of the screen allows the user to play through years of data going all the way back to the 1800s. The graph above shows data from 2015, while the graph below shows data from 1975: What trends are evident when comparing the two graphs? Select TWO answers. a. Average income has increased over time. b. Average life expectancy has increased over time. c. There has not been much change between 1975 and 2015. d. As income increases, so does life expectancy.
b and d
There is growing preference in today's age for streaming music over purchasing music. For what reasons might people prefer streaming over purchasing music? Select TWO answers. a. Streaming music allows for the best listening experience due to lossy compression. b. Streaming music is cheaper as most streaming services are free or charge low subscription fees. c. Purchased music that is compressed using lossless compression is of higher quality as compared to streamed music. d. Purchasing and downloading music takes up storage space on the device.
b and d
Doris needs to represent 26 different letters using binary. What is the minimum number of binary digits she will need to represent this many letters? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 26
b. 5
Data compression is the process of transforming a file so that it uses less bits than the original file, thereby reducing its file size. Which of the following is NOT true concerning data compression? a. If the same file is compressed using lossless compression and also compressed using lossy compression, the lossless-compressed file would generally have a larger file size than the lossy-compressed file. b. A compressed file cannot be restored to its original format unless the person trying to restore the file has decryption rights. c. If a video file is compressed 1,000 times, alternating each time between using lossy compression and lossless compression, the quality of the resulting video will likely degrade from the original file. d. File size and loss of information are two considerations when deciding on which compression technique to use.
b. A compressed file cannot be restored to its original format unless the person trying to restore the file has decryption rights.
Gmail has popularized the use of labels for emails instead of putting them into folders. Many modern email clients now follow this system of applying labels or tags to an email instead of using its location to classify it. Why might it be better to use this label system instead of folder location? a. There is no inherent benefit from the labels. b. Users can apply multiple labels to search different ways. c. Labels make for a neater inbox. d. Folders make it easier to sort or filter.
b. Users can apply multiple labels to search different ways.
A website collects information on high school students around the country and what colleges they apply to each year. The website collects large amounts of data on these students and also records which schools they get accepted into. One of the ways that students can use the site is to find out which schools they might be able to get into. Which of the following data comparisons would be the most helpful for a student to look at to estimate the likelihood of getting into a certain college? a. Number of colleges applied to vs. Acceptance rate b. Number of varsity sports vs. College division c. GPA and SAT scores vs. Accepted scores d. Number of AP classes vs. GPA
c. GPA and SAT scores vs. Accepted scores
While working on a presentation for work, a person recorded a video of the speech on a webcam and then sent it to a coworker for some peer feedback. The colleague opened their email to load the video, but found that video was very grainy. Which of the following might contribute to this? I. Lost bits in compression need to be guessed by video viewer. II. Weak internet connection cause poor streaming. III. Stronger compression algorithm to make file small enough to email. a. I only. b. Il and III only. c. I and III only. d. I, II, and III.
c. I and III only.
Binary representation can be used to denote different types of information. Given that you only have 3 bits to store some data, which of the following can be best represented in these three bits? a. The number of holes played in the first three hours of a round of golf. b. The number of pins knocked over in the first frame of a bowling game. c. The number of dots shown on the top face of a standard die after rolling it in a board game. d. The number of face cards (jacks, queens, kings) not yet dealt from a standard deck of 52 cards.
c. The number of dots shown on the top face of a standard die after rolling it in a board game.
The measurement of the length of an object needs to be stored digitally. What are the minimum number of bits necessary to represent both the length (an integer number from 0-20 with no decimal places) and its unit of measure (represented by two ASCII characters such as "FT" or "IN")? Note that 8-bit ASCII encoding is being used in this case. a. 7 b. 18 c. 20 d. 21
d. 21
Company ABC produces and sells car parts to consumers. Daily sales information is stored in a database and each night a program processes the data and produces a file that sales representatives use to track their sales. The nightly program takes about eight hours to run. The company's sales are increasing rapidly and they are also merging with another large company in the near future. Next month they expect their total sales transactions to double. Which of the following areas will need to be reevaluated when considering this increase in data? I. Data storage requirements II. Program efficiency III. Hardware requirements a. I and Il only b. I and III only c. Il and III only d. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and III
Storing and analyzing large quantities of data can be very interesting, but there are also a host of challenges. Which of the following are true statements when dealing with huge quantities of information? I. Storing large quantities of data over the internet poses a data access challenge. II. Analyzing large quantities of data requires significant computational power. III. Algorithms used to process large quantities of data tend to be very sophisticated. a. I only. b. Il only. c. III only. d. I, II, and III.
d. I, II, and III
A metal fabricating company owns a variety of machines that are used to cut and shape metal products. The company stores the status of each of its eight machines as a sequence of bits. A bit value of 1 means that the machine is in service and a bit value of 0 means that the machine is out of service. Each machine is given a number from 0-7(machine 0, machine 1,., machine 7). The status of machine O is represented by the rightmost bit, machine 1's status is represented by the bit left of the rightmost bit, and machine 7's status is represented by the leftmost bit, etc. The company communicates the status of its machines to its supervisors by using the decimal equivalent of these series of bits. If the company communicates its machine statuses as the decimal number 52, which machines are currently in service? a. Machine 0, Machine 4, Machine 5, and Machine 7 b. Machine 2, Machine 4, and Machine 5 c. Machine 1, Machine 3, and Machine 4 d. Machine 0, Machine 1, Machine 3, Machine 6, and Machine 7
d. Machine 0, Machine 1, Machine 3, Machine 6, and Machine 7