APES CH 11

Bullfrog tadpool are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they so not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and don't use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of _______. A) Inbreeding B) An intentional introduction C) Habitat destruction D) Overharvesting of species from the wild E) Extirpation

B) An intentional introduction

The greatest diversity (numbers of different species) of organism can be found in which of the following groups? A) Mammals B) Insects C) Birds D) Flowering plants E) Fish

B) Insects

The field of conservation biology __________, A) Developed in response to government intervention B) Was initially viewed as too measurement oriented, looking at details and not at the big picture C) Attempts to integrate an understanding of evolution and extinction with ecology and environmental systems D) Tries to increase speciation events in order to increase biodiveristy E) Tries to conserve every species, everywhere

C) Attempts to integrate an understanding of evolution and extinction with ecology and environmental systems

The causes of the current (sixth) mass extinction include all of the following except ________. A) Habitat alteration and destruction B) Pollution from pesticides, eutrophication, and other causes C) Earthquakes, tsunamis, and forest fires D) Global climate change E) Invasive exotic species

C) Earthquakes, tsunamis, and forest fires

Contrary to popular belief, the Endangered Species Act allows _______________. A) Landowners to kill endangered species for food if necessary B) Habitats of protected species to be developed or logged as long as no individuals of the species are killed C) Endangered species to be hunted as long as records are kept of numbers and sex of individuals taken D) Landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another E) International trade in protected species to aid in times of economic hardship

D) Landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another

The butterflies you established in your yard are now thriving, but you notice that some of the caterpillars are falling victim to predators and parasites. After some study and consultation, you wisely decide to ________. A) Give up on the butterfly species you encourages and try to attract new species B) Resume spraying pesticides on the lawn C) Catch and kill the predators and parasites by hand D) Plant more host plants in several different areas but otherwise do nothing E) Spray pesticides on the plants to control the predators

D) Plant more host plants in several different areas but otherwise do nothing

The greatest cause of the worldwide loss of species is ____________. A) Decreased soil nutrients B) Anthropogenic activities C) Air pollution D) Water pollution E) Habitat destruction

E) Habitat destruction

An area that supports an especially great diversity of endemic species

H) Hotspot

Paleontologists estimate that ___________. A) 99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct B) Biodiversity is evenly spread over the earth's biomes C) Extinction is tied exclusively to human activities D) More than 99% of all species alive today have been discovered and described

A) 99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct

The IUCN's Red List is __________. A) An updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction B) A list of all unidentified species C) A list of ecologically harmful invasive species D) A scorecard of international failures at conservation E) An identification list of known species

A) An updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction

Changes in habitat have tremendous effects on the organisms that depend on them. These effects are _______. A) Generally negative; organisms are already adapted to the habitats in which they occur and any change is likely to render the habitat less suitable B) Generally Neutral; the variations within each species allow them to adapt very quickly C) Generally positive; organisms are already adapted to the habitat in which they occur and any change is likely to render the habitat more suitable D) Generally negative; the changes usually cause rapid extinction of most species E) Generally positive, the changes increase the habitat that is available for species to colonize

A) Generally negative; organisms are already adapted to the habitats in which they occur and any change is likely to render the habitat less suitable

Both _____ and ______ can change local species diversity but not global species diversity? A) Immigration; extirpation B) Speciation; immigration C) Emigration; extinction D) Speciation; extinction E) Extirpation; extinction

A) Immigration; extirpation

Biodiversity enhances human food security because it _________. A) Is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods B) Increased the number of available pahtogens C) Means that there is genetic uniformity D) Reduces the number of pollinators available to any one plant species E) Decreases the number of predators

A) Is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods

Ecotourism ____________. A) Maintains biodiversity by providing income to area that might otherwise be destroyed B) Decreases biodiversity by selling souvenir organisms C) Increases biodiveristy by introducing new, rare, species D) Decreases biodiversity by causing increased speciation in environmentally sensitive areas E) Is a reasonable option only in impoverished countries

A) Maintains biodiversity by providing income to area that might otherwise be destroyed

From your experiences with the lawn and the butterfly garden, you can affirm that __________. A) Native plants are more likely than exotic species to support local herbivores B) Pesticides need to be used to maintain a diversity of native species C) Higher biodiversity of plants means a lower biodiversity of animals D) Once natural habitats are altered or destroyed they can never be restores, even in part E) Native plant landscaping can be done so that no predators or parasites are present

A) Native plants are more likely than exotic species to support local herbivores

In his 2005 book, Richard Louv maintains that today's children ___________. A) Suffer psychologically and emotionally from "natural deficit disorder" B) Develop more balanced emotions in urban compares to natural settings C) Should not participate in environmental education programs until high school D) Should not be exposed to the dangers of natural ecosystems E) Have a better understanding of natural environment than their grandparents

A) Suffer psychologically and emotionally from "natural deficit disorder"

European rabbits were introduced into Australia and quickly spread, reproduced, and became a terrible pest. They eat up to $600 million worth of food and pasture crops annually, and have damaged the populations of many native plants and the populations of animals that eat the plants. Twice in the past 50 years, rabbit diseases have been introduced to try to control the population, with some success. This is a case where ___________. A) Climate change has decreased the genetic diversity of indigenous species B) An invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of indigenous species C) An extirpation has occurred D) An invasive species has caused overharvesting E) Habitat alteration resulted in decreased biodiversity

B) An invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of indigenous species

A species of lizard has gone extinct. All of the following may have contributed to this extinction except _________. A) Climate change B) Increased genetic diversity within this species C) Inbreeding D) Introduction of a species that competed for food resources E) Habitat destruction by humans

B) Increased genetic diversity within this species

You also decide to greatly reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers you use in your landscape and rely more on mulching and composing. This will benefit you yard "ecosystem" by _____________. A) Increasing the populations of butterflies B) Increasing the biodiversity of soil organisms including decomposers C) Decreasing the number of predatory animals and insects D) Decreasing the plant biodiversity of the yard E) Making habitats for pollinators

B) Increasing the biodiversity of soil organisms including decomposers

A) Use pesticides to kill off predators B) Introduce native flowering plants the adult butterflies need for nectar, their main food C) Place pans of honey solution around your yard to feed the butterflies D) Try to introduce predators of the butterflies E) Ask the neighbors to refrain from planting butterfly plants in their yeards

B) Introduce native flowering plants the adult butterflies need for nectar, their main food

Endemic species are _______________. A) Usually the dominant species within an ecosystem B) Limited to just one location, such as an island C) Well established and show the least risk of extinction D) Widely distributed, found especially on large continents E) On the brink of extinction

B) Limited to just one location, such as an island

A) An increase in herbivorous insects and the small predators that eat them B) Lower survival rates for the caterpillars and butterflies C) An increase in bird species in your yard D) An increase in pollinating insects visiting your lawn and gardens E) Competition between the lawn grass and the new species that invade the area

B) Lower survival rates for the caterpillars and butterflies

A population differentiating, over time, into a new species

B) Speciation

The country of Bulize depends on lobster for a major portion of its income, along with fishing and tourism. Over the past 30 years the average size of an individual lobster has dropped, even as increasing number of Belizeans buy boats, build lobster traps, and enter the industry. This is an example of ___________. A) Habitat alteration B) The result of an invasive species C) Overharvesting D) The effects of pollution E) The problems with monoculture

C) Overharvesting

There would be less loss of aesthetic and spiritual ties with nature if we ___________. A) Increased the rate of harvesting economically important species B) Had more per capital consumption C) Do nothing to slow global climate change D) Decreased the rate of habitat alteration and destruction E) Accelerated globalization

D) Decreased the rate of habitat alteration and destruction

The loss of a particular population from a given area (but not the entire species globally) is called _________. A) Extinction D) Extinguishment C) Exposition D) Extirpation E) Emigration

D) Extirpation

Differences in DNA composition among individuals within a given species

D) Genetic Diversity

A direct consequence of biodiversity loss is _________. A) Global climate change B) Overharvesting C) Increased human population growth D) The loss of sources of medicines E) Negative health impacts

D) The loss of sources of medicines

Species richness is affected by many variables. As one travels to higher latitudes, one would expect _________. A) The number of species to be fairly constant B) The number of species to increase C) Other factors to be more important than latitude D) The number of species to decrease E) Population viability to increase

D) The number of species to decrease

The species that are generally most vulnerable to human impact are the ______. A) Producers B) Competitive species C) Keystone species D) Top predators E) Decomposers

D) Top predators

Removal of which of the following species will always result in the greatest changes in an ecological system? A) A decomposer species B) A competitive species C) A carnivore species D) A producer species E) A keystone species

E) A keystone species

In general, successfully introduced species experience ________. A) Increase in limiting factors B) Decreased biotic potential C) Increased competition from other organisms D) Increased environmental resistance E) Competitive success against native species

E) Competitive success against native species

What is the greatest contributing factor in the loss of polar bears in arctic areas? A) Hunting of the polar bear by the Inuit people B) The decline of lemmings, the primary food of the polar bear C) Fires in the taiga and tundra D) The tundra shifting northward E) Decline in sea ice

E) Decline in sea ice

The wood thrush makes its nest in woodlands in the northern and eastern United States. As patches of woods become smaller, increasing numbers of woods thrush nests have eggs laid in them by the brown-headed cowbird. Cowbirds live in open fields and are nest parasites: the female cowbird flies up to an unattended nest, quickly lays an egg in it, and leaves the host parents to raise their "adopted" young. Wood thrushes are decreasing in numbers because ____________. A) Pollution of the open fields has caused a change in cowbird behavior B) Cowbirds are an invasive species that is rapidly increasing C) Climate change is reducing nest site availability D) Overharvesting in the open fields has driven the cowbirds into the woodlands E) Habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur.

E) Habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur.

More greenhouse gas emissions will indirectly lead to ____________. A) Overharvesting B) An increase in invasive species C) Globalization D) Human population growth E) Loss of ecosystem services

E) Loss of ecosystem services

Wildlife in the Sergeti is currently threatened by __________. A) An invasice fish that has been introduced into the major river that flows through the park B) Pollution from a nearby coal power plant C) An overabundance of elephants D) Plans to legalize hunting of most of the large animal species in the park E) Plans to build a highway that passes through the park

E) Plans to build a highway that passes through the park

The Convention on Biological Diversity has goals that _______. A) Include a set of international laws B) Ensure the distribution of biodiversity's benefits to wealthy countries who can pay for them C) Spell out future management plans for all biomes D) Are designed to reduce biodiveristy E) Require biodiversity be used in a sustainable manner

E) Require biodiversity be used in a sustainable manner

Both _____ and _________ can change global species diversity? A) Immigration; extirpation B) Extirpation; extinction C) Emigration; extinction D) Speciation; immigration E) Speciation; extinction

E) Speciation; extinction

The connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life

F) Biophilia

The loss of species from the planet

J) Extinction

Animals, such as tigers, that need large amounts of lang, and whose protection provides protection for many other species

K) Umbrella Species