Apes Ch. 13

The location where desertification is occurring most rapidly

A

Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?

Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts

Which of the following foods is most suitable to cultivate to minimize water consumption per kilogram of food?

Cereals

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

Storm water runoff from the new development into nearby Samel Creek will likely lead to which of the following?

Destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments

Plant selection is important for a rain garden. Which of the following best describes the types of plants that would be most effective to use in the rain garden in this experimental design to reduce the impact of urban runoff?

Flood-tolerant plant species so that the plants can withstand large pulses of water from storms

Which of the following best explains the general downward trend in Colorado River flow from 1910 until 1970?

The dams on the Colorado River divert water to cities and for agriculture.

Which of the following is the best example of the tragedy of the commons?

Water pollution from oil rigs concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico

Which of the following is the best example of gray water?

Water that has been used for bathing and for washing clothes

Which of the following best describes a floodplain?

a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows

According to the graph, the flow of the Colorado River has

dropped continually since 1910.

The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is

overfishing

Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas can cause _____ to move to aquifers, making the water undrinkable.

saltwater

Which of the following will contribute to water conservation?

water lawns at night, using low-flow faucets, and landscaping with native plants

If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?

A

Which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of fishing stocks in the North Atlantic

A farmer grows several crops on a farm that has mostly shallow, sandy soil. Which of the following irrigation methods would be the best suited for this farm?

Drip irrigation

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?

Drop irrigation

Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide?

E

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Fish are shared resources, and as the fishing industry competes for the fish, the resource extraction is no longer sustainable.

Of the following, which constitutes the greatest percent of domestic use of water in the United States?

Flushing toilets

Which of the following is an unintended consequence associated with waterlogging caused by flood irrigation?

Higher water tables

The United States has currently used all of the viable sites.

Hydroelectric

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following? I. The soil in floodplains is usually fertile. II. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat. III. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation.

I, II, and III

Which of the following is true of the Ogallala Aquifer?

It underlies the United States High Plains and is being depleted by overuse.

Based on the data table above for a stream in Illinois, which site most likely has a construction site immediately upstream from it?

Site C

Which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing?

Soil Erosion

Which of the following best describes why understanding a watershed and its boundaries is important in designing housing developments along a river?

Surface water and stormwater runoff will drain downstream within the watershed boundaries, so it is important to understand the flow of water through the watershed.

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

Which of the following describes an unintended consequence that results from large-scale agricultural use of water from an aquifer?

The rate of water use likely exceeds the rate of recharge, leading to lowering the water table.

Which of the following will be the greatest impact of the development on the local water supply?

There will be less recharge of groundwater.

Which of the following best describes the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation?

This method most efficiently delivers water directly to plant roots compared with other methods, and wastes less water, but it may be too costly for farmers in developing countries to use.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

Which foods are the most sustainable to produce in order to provide the most kilocalories to the world's growing population while still minimizing water usage?

Vegetables

An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Which of the following would be the best control in this experimental design?

Water samples collected from the roof or parking lot before they passed through the gardens

Based on the information shown in the graph, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

When precipitation varies, streams in watershed II experience the greatest fluctuations in water volume.

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

A forested hillside will help eliminate

flooding, because trees help reduce soil erosion and the flow of water downslope.

One method of desalination is

forcing the water through a filter, which removes salts from the water.

We build dams to _____ .

generate electricity, prevent flooding, and provide irrigation

The Ogalla Aquifer is a one-time deposit of water has such a slow recharge rate it is

not replenishing at the rate it is being used, and one result is land subsidence.

A watershed is _____ .

the area of land from which rainfall drains into rivers or lakes

A drought in the 1930s transformed large parts of the Midwest into a "Dustbowl". This is an example of

the conversion of rangeland or cropland into a desertlike area.

The farming of fish such as salmon at aquaculture facilities poses a threat to marine ecosystems because

the farmed fish can escape and outcompete wild fish for food and territory

The Colorado River's water resource allocation is being complicated by _____ .

the rapid growth of Las Vegas

Data indicate that the present rate of freshwater consumption in most developed countries is _____ .

unsustainable

One important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to

use rain barrels to reduce the flow of storm water into the creek

Upper surface of the zone of saturation

water table