APES Chapter 15
Use Figure 15-1. A daily measurement of toxic emissions in Maine measures 0.070 ppm. What amount of that would be attributed to gasoline powered automobiles such as a 4-door sedan?
0.021 ppm
Use the Figure below. In 2006, the total population of the U.S. was approximately 300,000,000 people. About what percent of those people lived in areas where carbon monoxide levels exceeded the NAAQS? (same bar graph)
0.2%
The Clean Skies Initiative proposed a SO2 emissions reduction from 11 million tons in 2002 to 4.5 million tons in 2010. What was the proposed annual reduction of emissions, assuming that emissions are reduced at a constant rate?
0.8 million tons per year
Which is NOT part of the sulfur allowance provision in the Acid Rain Program of the Clean Air Act?
Additional funding for program cost overruns
The depletion of ozone over Antarctica is greatest during
August through November.
Which is NOT a specific reason for sick building syndrome as identified by the EPA?
CFCs
The class of anthropogenic compounds responsible for the breakdown of stratospheric ozone are known as
CFCs.
Which pollutant bonds with hemoglobin and interferes with O2 transport in the blood stream?
CO
Which was NOT a target of early air pollution legislation in the United States?
CO2 emission
Which is the correct sequence of the events that lead to acid deposition?
Combustion releases SO2 and NOX, secondary pollutants are formed, dissociation of pollutants, deposition of ions on vegetation or soil
Catalytic converters in cars have been instrumental in removing which of the following pollutants from vehicle emissions? I. NOX II. CO III. SO42-
I and II
To control tropospheric ozone it helps to limit I. VOC emissions. II. NOX emissions. III. CO emissions
I and II
Which does NOT describe the production of stratospheric ozone?
It is formed from the reaction of C with O2 in the presence of NOX.
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding CO?
It is the product of respiration
Which air pollutant is a metal, released primarily from the combustion of coal?
Mercury
Use The Figure below. The largest number of people affected by an air quality concentration above the standard (NAAQS) in 2006 were affected by (bar graph)
O3
Which are the 6 criteria air pollutants specified under the Clean Air Act?
Pb, SO2, NOx, CO, PM< and tropospheric O3
Which piece of legislation's goal was to achieve safe and acceptable air quality through the attainment and maintenance of national ambient air quality standards?
The Clean Air Act
Which agreement allowed for a reduction, and eventual elimination, of CFC production and use?
The Montreal Protocol
How do CFCs affect ozone production?
UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
The protective layer of oxygen and stratospheric ozone absorb over 99% of incoming:
UV-B and UV-C radiation
When is the air considered to be polluted?
When the air is no longer tasteless, colorless, and odorless
The correct sequence of events for acid deposition are W. deposition of ions on vegetation or soil X. secondary pollutants are formed Y. combustion releasing SO2 and NOx Z. dissociation of pollutants
Y>X>Z>W
Which of the following best describes the indoor air pollutant asbestos?
a fibrous material that can cause respiratory disease
A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious pollution events, occurs when
cool air close to the surface is blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps pollutants
The VOC that is commonly found in particle board and carpeting glue and is dangerous to human health is
formaldehyde
Gasoline is a VOC. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gasoline that makes it a "VOC"?
gasoline is a hazardous compound
The major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is
indoor cooking with biomass as fuel
Ground level ozone is classified as a pollutant because it reduces lung function and
it can degrade plant surfaces
Ground level ozone is classified as a pollutant because it reduces lung functionality AND
it can degrade plant surfaces
Which is NOT a characteristic of NOX?
it contributes to the production of stratopheric ozone
Which is NOT a characteristic of CO?
it is a product of respiration
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of SO2?
its sources are exclusively anthropogenic
Which pollution control measure reduces nitrogen oxide emissions when burning coal?
lowering coal burning temperatures
Photochemical smog, which frequently exists in major metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, consists primarily of
ozone
Which of the following ranges describes the pH of acid deposition?
pH < 5.6
A phenomenon associated with the buildup of toxic compounds and pollutants in an airtight space is known as
sick building syndrome
Haze in the Amazon basin would most likely come from
slash and burn methodologies used to remove trees
The beneficial ozone is ___________________ and the dangerous ozone is ____________________.
stratospheric, tropospheric
A municipality considering measures to decrease local air pollution would achieve the largest decrease from
switching city vehicles to natural gas from gasoline
If a municipality wanted to take measures to decrease its air pollution, the largest impact would come from
switching its city fleets of vehicles to natural gas from gasoline
Which is a secondary pollutant involved in the formation of photochemical smog?
tropospheric O3
