APES EXAM REVIEW- ch 9

An age-structure diagram has the shape of a pyramid with a wide base. What type of population growth does it indicate? Select one: a. Unknown growth b. Negative growth c. Zero growth d. Rapid growth e. Slow growth

d. Rapid growth

Which population represents a culture with a well-developed health care system? Select one: a. B b. A c. E d. C e. D

b. A

A United Nations Foreign Aid group introduces agricultural technology into an LDC or third-world country to increase food productivity. What is a likely consequence? Select one: a. Decrease in the environmental degradation in the country b. Increase in the carrying capacity of that country c. No effect on the carrying capacity of that country d. Reduction in that country's birth rate e. Decrease in the carrying capacity of that country

b. Increase in the carrying capacity of that country

If a population's growth is slow with decreasing birth rates and constant death rates, which demographic type would it describe? Select one: a. Postindustrial b. Transitional c. Pretransitional d. Industrial e. Preindustrial

d. Industrial

During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth? Select one: a. Stage 1 b. After Stage 4 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 2 e. Stage 4

d. Stage 2

The current global human population is about 6.9 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added? Select one: a. 8 x 108 b. 8 x 107 c. 8 x 105 d. 8 x 106 e. 8 x 109

b. 8 x 107

The ability of an individual to reproduce Select one: a. Total fertility rate b. Fecundity c. Demographic transition d. Fertility e. Birth rate

b. Fecundity

Which of the following had the greatest impact on reducing population in the U.S.? Select one: a. Post-World War I era b. Post-World War II era c. The Great Depression d. The flu of 1918 e. Demographic transition

d. The flu of 1918

What is the annual percent rate of growth of a population that doubles in size every 12 years? Select one: a. 1% b. 24% c. 3% d. 6% e. 12%

d. 6%

Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society? Select one: a. Increased air quality in urban areas b. Increased rates of population growth c. Increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas d. Reduced birth rates e. Reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities

d. Reduced birth rate

Movement out of a population is known as Select one: a. mortality b. immigration c. suburban sprawl d. emigration e. delinquency

d. emigration

In the age-structure diagram above, Graph A represents which of the following countries? Select one: a. Germany b. France c. India d. United States e. Great Britain

c. India

What is the current estimate of the size of the human population? Select one: a. 8-9 billion b. 5-6 billion c. 9-10 billion d. 7-8 billion e. 6-7 billion

b. 5-6 billion

Examine the demographic transition graph above and identify the statement below is TRUE: Select one: a. In the Postindustrial phase, there is negative population growth b. In the Preindustrial phase, death rates drop, but birth rates remain high c. In the Industrial phase, there is negative population growth d. In the Industrial phase, death rates increase and approach the birth rates e. In the Transitional phase, both birth and death rates are high and the population grows rapidly

In the Postindustrial phase, there is negative population growth

Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility? Select one: a. I equals the average number of children a woman will give birth to during her child-bearing years. b. It is found by subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants in one year. c. It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates d. It equals the annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population. e. I equals the natural increase of a population in one year.

It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates

If a city population of 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate? Select one: a. 0.4% b. 8.0% c. 1.0% d. 4.0% e. 0.8%

a. 0.4%

What is the population doubling time in years for a country with an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent? Select one: a. 20 b. 70 c. 3.5 d. 24.5 e. 0.5

a. 20

A population has a growth rate of 2 percent per year. How long will it take for this population to double? Select one: a. 35 years b. 40 years c. 15 years d. 2 years e. 70 years

a. 35 years

Which of the following is the best description of a population that has a stable age distribution? Select one: a. A growing population in which the proportions of individuals in the different age classes remain constant b. A small population that has not yet achieved exponential growth c. A population that is in the early stages of logistic population growth d. A large population with a negative growth rate e. A large population that is growing at a constant rate

a. A growing population in which the proportions of individuals in the different age classes remain constant

By the year 2050, world population is expected to approach 10 billion. If the current population trends continue, which region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth? Select one: a. Africa and Asia b. North and Central America c. Central and South America d. Australia and New Zealand e. Eastern and Western Europe

a. Africa and Asia

The number of births in a year per thousand people Select one: a. Birth rate b. Fertility c. Fecundity d. Total fertility rate e. Demographic transition

a. Birth rate

Which of the following best exemplifies population momentum? Select one: a. Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level b. Growth of a population after the fertility rate doubles c. Decreased population due to a reduced death rate and an increased fertility rate d. Continued growth of a population due to emigration e. Decreased population due to increase in the death rate

a. Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level

The U.S. Census Bureau has the following information on the populations of five countries for last year. The data are shown below: Birth Rate (No. / 1000 / year ) Death Rate (No. / 1000 / year ) Immigration Rate (No. / 1000 / year ) Emigration Rate (No. / 1000 / year ) Country A 20 20 10 5 Country B 10 5 20 10 Country C 30 20 5 15 Country D 65 50 10 10 Country E 10 5 10 10 Which country has zero population growth for last year? Select one: a. Country C b. Country B c. Country E d. Country A e. Country D

a. Country C

Which population most likely represents an undeveloped country? Select one: a. D b. C c. A d. B e. E

a. D

Which population shows the highest infant mortality? Select one: a. D b. B c. A d. C e. E

a. D

The United States has a slowly growing population. What is the major factor that accounts for it population growth? Select one: a. Rapidly increasing immigration rates b. Rapidly decreasing death rates c. Rapidly increasing birth rates d. Rapidly increasing emigration rates e. Rapidly increasing death rates

a. Rapidly increasing immigration rates

What two main factors would best indicated the quality of life of a country's population? Select one: a. The life expectancy and the infant mortality rte b. The total fertility rate and the death rate c. The replacement-level rate and the total fertility rate d. The birth rate and the infant mortality rate e. The crude birth rate and crude death rate

a. The life expectancy and the infant mortality rte

Which of the following best defines the phrase "infant mortality rate"? Select one: a. The number of infant deaths per 1,000 people b. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a population c. How many children live in each square hectare d. The total number of children in a population e. The number of births in a population

a. The number of infant deaths per 1,000 people

Poverty can affect population in all of the following ways EXCEPT Select one: a. decreasing total fertility rate b. causing premature deaths c. emigration d. forcing the use of resources in unsustainable ways e. increasing total fertility rate

a. decreasing total fertility rate

Human population control Select one: a. has reaped substantial benefits in China b. has never worked c. is not possible with today's technology d. in not needed with a slowing global population e. is impossible in developed nations

a. has reaped substantial benefits in China

Although the fertility rate for women in the United States has declined in recent years to a value below replacement level, the United States population is still increasing because of Select one: a. immigration b. increased longevity c. improved health care d. lower infant death rates e. lower average age at first marriage

a. immigration

An age-structure pyramid is used to Select one: a. study the number and ages of people in a country b. determine what the density-dependent factors are for a population c. study the immigration rates in a population d. calculate the doubling time of a population e. study the carrying capacity of a habitat

a. study the number and ages of people in a country

the replacement birth rate is always Select one: a. the number of children a couple needs to replace themselves in a population b. the number an industrial country allows each couple c. the number of grandchildren divided by the number of parents d. one-half the number of children a couple has e. 2

a. the number of children a couple needs to replace themselves in a population

Look at the age-structure diagram shown above. What happened in the region highlighted by the dotted box? Select one: a. Females outnumber males 2:1. b. There was a 'baby boom' or growth spurt with this cohort. c. There was a 'baby bust' or decline in births with this cohort. d. The dependency load is small. e. The males outnumber females 2:1.

b. There was a 'baby boom' or growth spurt with this cohort.

In the transitional phase from Pre-Industrial to Industrial economies, birth rates __________ while death rates __________ . Select one: a. increase, remains the same b. do not change, drop c. increase, increase d. decrease, decrease e. decrease, remain the same

b. do not change, drop

The rule of 70 is used by researchers to estimate a population's Select one: a. density b. doubling time c. survivorship d. use of resources e. fertility

b. doubling time

The rule of 70 is used to estimate Select one: a. infant development b. population doubling c. potential of a new Starbucks in a neighborhood d. density-dependent species e. entrepreneurial species

b. population doubling

If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to Select one: a. 5 years b. 25 years c. 15 years d. 10 years e. 35 years

c. 15 years

How many years will it take for a population to quadruple in size if it demonstrates an 8% annual rate of growth? Select one: a. 9 years b. 4.5 years c. 18 years d. 36 years e. 3 years

c. 18 years

A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 year? Select one: a. 800 million b. 150 million c. 400 million d. 200 million e. 300 million

c. 400 million

Which population demonstrates the lowest infant mortality? Select one: a. B b. E c. A d. D e. C

c. A

Which population most likely represents a developed country? Select one: a. E b. C c. A d. D e. B

c. A

Your country has recently won a war, and the soldiers have returned home to their wives and families after many long years. What might the age-structure diagram look like if plotted over the next several decades? Select one: a. A pinch at the bottom that will rise over the next several decades due to a boom in population b. There will be no change in the shape of the age-structure diagram c. A bulge at the bottom that will rise over the next several decades due to a boom in the population d. A bulge at the bottom that will rise over the next several decades due to a bust in the population e. A pinch at the bottom that will rise over the next several decades due to a bust in the population

c. A bulge at the bottom that will rise over the next several decades due to a boom in the population

The U.S. Census Bureau has the following information on the population of five countries for last year. The data are shown below. Birth Rate (No./1000/yr) Death Rate (No./1000/yr) Immigration Rate (No./1000/yr) Emigration Rate (No./1000/yr) Country A 20 20 10 5 Country B 10 5 20 10 Country C 30 20 5 15 Country D 65 50 5 10 Country E 10 5 10 10 Which country has the greatest population growth for last year? Select one: a. Country A b. Country D c. Country B d. Country C e. Country E

c. Country B

Examine the age-structure diagrams and choose the best statement: Select one: a. Country C is an example of a rapidly growing population b. Country A probably has an effective antinatalist policy c. Country D probably has an effective antinatalist policy d. Country B has an even male-to-female ratio at all ages e. Country B is an example of a negative population growth

c. Country D probably has an effective antinatalist policy

Which of the following is an initial step in accomplishing a demographic transition? Select one: a. Increase in birth rates b. Lack of change in either birth or death rate c. Decrease in death rates d. Decrease in birth rates e. Increase in death rates

c. Decrease in death rates

Represents a drop in both death and birth rates Select one: a. Fecundity b. Total fertility rate c. Demographic transition d. Birth rate e. Fertility

c. Demographic transition

The number of children born to an average woman during her entire reproductive life Select one: a. Fecundity b. Demographic transition c. Fertility d. Birth rate e. Total fertility rate

c. Fertility

The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase? Select one: a. Increased emigration/immigration and decreased warfare b. New methods of birth control and decreased warfare c. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine d. Increased education for women and the development of new pesticides e. New methods of agriculture and identification of new food crops

c. The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine

Refer to the following world population graph for the following 2 questions. According to the graph, the total population of the world is most likely to increase due to which of the following? Select one: a. The continued emigration of people b. The use of more fossil fuels c. The rise in populations of developing countries d. The rise in populations of developed countries e. An increase in the amount of food produced in less arable land

c. The rise in populations of

According to the figure above, at which time would the change in the population growth equal zero? Select one: a. Time E b. Time D c. Time C d. Time B e. Time A

c. Time C

Which pair of words BEST completes the following sentence: Countries with a __________ standard of living tend to have __________ populations. Select one: a. high, increasing b. low, decreasing c. high, low d. low, stable e. high, high

c. high, low

Exponential human population growth is affected by all the following factors except Select one: a. hazardous work conditions b. clean water supplies c. increased television time d. infectious disease e. better and more available food

c. increased television time

The most populous countries in the world are China, India, and Select one: a. Indonesia b. Japan c. the United States d. Russia e. Mexico

c. the United States

Refer to the table below, which shows population, area, and energy use for several countries. On an annual basis, the per capita electricity usage in Ethiopia is approximately what percent of the per capita electricity in the United States? Select one: a. 200 b. 10 c. 100 d. 0.2 e. 50

d. 0.2

The country of Sudan has an estimated annual growth rate of 2 percent. At this rate of growth, approximately how many years will it take for the population of Sudan to double? Select one: a. 50 years b. 80 years c. 30 years d. 35 years e. 140 years

d. 35 years

Which population demonstrates a culture that has undergone a demographic transition? Select one: a. B b. E c. C d. A e. D

d. A

Which population demonstrates a constant rate of death throughout the life span of members of the population? Select one: a. D b. A c. E d. B e. C

d. B

A population's growth can best be calculated using which of the following? Select one: a. Immigration + emigration b. Births + emigration - deaths + immigration c. Emigration + births d. Births + immigration - deaths + emigration e. Immigration - emigration

d. Births + immigration - deaths + emigration

What country has the highest population? Select one: a. South Africa b. United States c. Mexico d. China e. France

d. China

Which of the following choices best describes the distribution of the human population worldwide? Select one: a. Randomly distributed across the globe and within countries b. Clustered across the globe and uniform within countries c. Uniformly distributed across the globe, but clustered within countries d. Clustered across the globe and clustered within countries e. Randomly distributed across the globe, but uniformly distributed within countries

d. Clustered across the globe and clustered within countries

According to the data in the Table above, which country has the highest fertility rate? Select one: a. Country E b. Country C c. Country B d. Country A e. Country D

d. Country A

According to the data in the table above, which country has the shortest doubling time? Select one: a. Country E b. Country A c. Country C d. Country B e. Country D

d. Country B

Which of the following does NOT represent pronatalist pressure to a Third World family who lives in a country that has not yet undergone a demographic transition? Select one: a. One must have many children so that some survive into adulthood b. Children are needed to support parents in old age c. Children are a source of cheap labor d. Educational and occupational opportunities for parents e. Status of being wealthy and fertile enough to have children

d. Educational and occupational opportunities for parents

Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females Select one: a. II and III only b. II only c. I only d. I, II, and III e. I and II only

d. I, II, and III

Refer to the table below, which shows population, area, and energy use for several countries. The country with a population about three times that of the United States is Select one: a. Bangladesh b. Ethiopia c. China d. India e. Australia

d. India

A population demonstrates Malthusian growth (irruptive growth) and tends to overshoot a carrying capacity. Which of the following are probably traits of this population? Select one: a. The species is probably a climax species in an ecosystem b. Individuals are large; each individual uses a lot of resources c. Individuals care for their young and have few offspring d. Individuals are probably small and do not care for their young e. Individuals are probably large K-strategists

d. Individuals are probably small and do not care for their young

Refer to the following world population graph for the following 2 questions. Which of the answers below best describe the change in the population of less developed countries between the years 1950 and 2050? Select one: a. There will be a decline of 6 billion b. There will be an increase of approximately 10 billion c. There will be a decline of 1 billion d. There will be an increase of approximately 5 billion e. There will be an increase of approximately 1 billion

d. There will be an increase of approximately 5 billion

High infant mortality rates are likely to occur in countries that have Select one: a. a stable food supply b. a strong and stable economy c. safe drinking water d. high levels of infectious diseases e. high levels of education for adults

d. high levels of infectious diseases

The demographic transition model is used to study the Select one: a. negative effects of pollution on the habitat b. benefits of mass transportation projects c. effects of migration patterns d. influence of industrialization on population growth or decline e. location of large population centers

d. influence of industrialization on population growth or decline

It has recently been estimated that the growth in world population has slowed in the past decade. Despite this trend, environmentalists remain concerned about the environmental impact of world population, principally because Select one: a. fertility is falling due to exposure to endocrine disrupters released into the environment b. people are living longer in developed nations, putting strain on the economies of those countries c. the standard of living is poor in many developing countries, leading to a great deal of deprivation and suffering d. the standard of living is increasing in many developing countries, leading to an increased per capita use of natural resources e. life expectancy is still decreasing in Africa due to AIDS

d. the standard of living is increasing in many developing countries, leading to an increased per capita use of natural resources

Women have fewer and healthier children when all of the following are true EXCEPT Select one: a. they have access to birth control b. they live where their rights are not suppressed c. they have access to medicine and health care d. they have little education e. the cost of a child's education is high

d. they have little education

Which of the numbers below is closest to the population of India? Select one: a. 100 million b. 300 million c. 900 million d. 50 million e. 1 billion

e. 1 billion

The crude birth rate for a population is 32 births per 1,000 people, and the crude death rate is 14 deaths per 1,000 people. Calculate the annual percent growth of the population. Select one: a. 14 % b. 18 % c. 2.8 % d. 3.2 % e. 1.8 %

e. 1.8 %

Which population demonstrates a species in which each age group experiences potentially lethal environmental hazards? Select one: a. D b. E c. A d. C e. B

e. B

Refer to the table below, which shows population, area, and energy use for several countries. The country with the highest population density is Select one: a. India b. Australia c. Ethiopia d. China e. Bangladesh

e. Bangladesh

Which of the following countries has the lowest population? Select one: a. Russia b. United States c. China d. India e. Canada

e. Canada

Which of the following countries has the largest population? Select one: a. Australia b. Japan c. Canada d. United States e. India

e. India

Which of the following practices would have the biggest impact on achieving global sustainability? Select one: a. Developing ecotourism venues b. Replanting deforested areas c. Using fuel-efficient vehicles d. Recycling aluminum cans e. Reducing human population size

e. Reducing human population size

A country's total fertility rate (TFR) best expresses which of the following? Select one: a. The number of babies under one year of age who die per 1,000 b. The life expectancy of women in the country c. The total use of contraceptives in the country d. The total economic value of all foreign and domestic services e. The average number of babies born to women between the ages of 14 and 45

e. The average number of babies born to women between the ages of 14 and 45

Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society? Select one: a. The total fertility of a society is the number of children necessary for a couple to replace themselves in the next generation b. The total fertility of a society is negatively correlated with the number of women of child-bearing age c. The total fertility of a society is positively correlated with the average education of women d. The total fertility of a society is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate e. The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition

e. The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition

As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase? Select one: a. The Preindustrial b. The postindustrial c. The industrial d. The pretransitional e. The transitional

e. The transitional

Which of the following is NOT a difficulty in defining the carrying capacity for the human population? Select one: a. Humans can change the carrying capacity through technology b. There is no logistical model that scientists can agree on to estimate the carrying capacity of the human population. c. Humans live within geopolitical not environmental borders. d. When humans exceed the carrying capacity of an environment, others can supply aid and maintain the population despite environmental degradation. e. When humans exceed the carrying capacity of an environment, they merely die off.

e. When humans exceed the carrying capacity of an environment, they merely die off.

Preindustrial populations usually have slow growth rates and Select one: a. ¯ birth and birth b. low economic potential c. ¯ birth and ¯ death d. low geographic resources e. birth and ¯ death rates

e. birth and ¯ death rates