apes quiz NPP & albedo
in general the greater the productivity of the ecosystem, the __________ primary consumers can be supported
more
what does standing crop measure?
amount of energy
secondary producers
biomass generated by heterotrophs from consuming autotrophs
Biomass
the total mass of all living matter (tissue) in a specific area. Remember, biomass (organic) is made from nutrients (inorganic)
how is standing crop different from productivity
they do not measure the same thing.
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP):
total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time
what terrestrial ecosystems has the highest NPP?
tropical rainforests, swamps, and marshes
define upwelling
uprising of cold nutrient rich water from the bottom to the surface
are the rates of cellular respiration the same in each ecosystem?
No! if the rate of photosynthesis varies (NPP), than r must also vary
What aquatic ecosystem has the highest NPP? (per unit area)
Bays= estuaries (where freshwater nutrients in rivers meet shallow nutrients near the mouth of the ocean)
NPP=
GPP-R E measures the rate of E production over a length of time
NPP #2:
NPP refers to the RATE of photosynthesis minus respiration. NPP varies among ecosystems!!!
NPP #1:
NPP ultimately limits the number of consumers (including humans) that can survive on earth!!!
GPP=
NPP+Respiration!
what seasons have decreased rates NPP?
colder seasons! late fall and winter have lower solar E, lower water cycle, lower nutrients
what accounts for the large different in NPP among different ecosystems?
ecosystems vary in the amount of sunlight, water, and nutrients available
Net Primary productivity (NPP):
establishes the RATE at which BIOMASS (total mass of all living matter in a specific area) is produced over a given amount of time
explain why measuring NPP is a useful way to measure change in an ecosystem
fluctuating NPP= change in the support of consumers in the ecosystem. If NPP drops, you know the ecosystem changes
NEED TO REMEMBER!
high nutrients, warm temperature, and abundant water yield high NPP
what does productivity measure?
rate of energy
which ecosystems would vary the most over the course of a year?
seasonal climates such as temperate regions
why slow growing trees have low productivity
the add a small amount of biomass each year
standing crop
the amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time (measures amount of E in a system at that time)
trophic pyramid
the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy in each trophic level
Net Primary Productivity (NPP):
the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy the producers respire
explain why the ocean (may be referenced as "open ocean") has the highest overall average of NPP
the massive size of the open ocean accounts for all NPP, not just NPP per unit area
ecological efficiency
the portion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another. Ecological efficiency = the 10% law!
what seasons have increased rates of NPP?
warmer seasons! late spring and summer have more solar E and more water cycle and nutrients