APES REVIEW
Commercial over fishing of the world's oceans is an example of what ecological concept?
Tragedy of the Commons
Water leaving organisms, like plants through their stoma, is called?
Transpiration
What are the layers of the atmosphere from the surface up to space?
Tropo, Strato, Meso, Thermo, Iso, Exo
What is the primary fuel for Nuclear power?
Uranium 235
Monoculture plantations having low genetic diversity are vulnerable to ...?
disease, pests
What are the major types of commercial fishing
long line, fish farming, purse seine, trawl line, dredging
Where is the largest carbon sink
ocean
How do an r-strategist and k-strategist differ? Example of each?
r=rapid reproduction (rabbits, mice) k=slow population growth (humans, elephant) 3. The presence of soil indicates secondary succession
Biodiversity is defined as...
the number of species in an area and is a measure of the health of an ecosystem. Greater is better.
How much energy is transferred up trophic levels
10%
How many multiple choice questions?
100 in 90 min.
How many people are in the US?
330 million
How many FRQ will you answer on Monday?
4 in 90 minutes. 1 is math, 1 is experimental design and 2 are general knowledge. Answer in complete sentences but stay organized!
How many people are on the planet?
7 billion
What is an age structure?
A diagram that shows the breakdown of a population by age, sex and reproductive capacity
What is the Pacific Plastic Ocean Gyre?
A large accidental landfill in the north eastern part of the Pacific Ocean where trash has accumulated due to currents in a large dump twice the size of Texas.
What is the Love Canal?
A residential community built on an hazardous waste dump created by the Hooker Company near Niagara Falls. Polluted drinking water, major problems.
What is a Keystone Species?
A species which serves to keep all other populations in balance in an ecosystem
What is Acid mine drainage?
Acidic water exiting from a subsurface mine, very detrimental to aquatic ecosystems
What is Integrated pest management (IPM)?
Altering agriculture to avoid greatest detriment from insects
What is an Aquifer?
An underground layer of porous rock between impermeable rock filled with water
What is the superfund site?
CERCLA - A site is a heavily polluted area that is under extreme restoration to combat negative effects
Name 3 greenhouse gases
Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor
What are 3 indoor air pollutants
Cigarette Smoke, Asbestos, Radon, Formaldehyde
How do clay, silt, and sand impact soil characteristics?
Clay holds water, Sand allows for quick percolation, silt is ideal for farming
What are major laws impacting water?
Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Water quality act
What are the major types of forestry?
Clear Cutting, Selective Cutting, Plantation forests
The US generates the bulk of its power from ...
Coal
What are 4 major properties of water?
Cohesion, Adhesion, Capillarity, Universal Solvent, High Specific heat
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent, Transform)
What are the 4 major layers of the earth and the predominant elements in each layer?
Crust (oxygen), Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core (iron);
Why do the fossil fuels have a high net energy?
Ease of extraction
What are major laws concerning wildlife protection?
Endangered Species Act, CITES
What is eutrophic? What is Oligotrophic?
Eutrophic - abundance of nutrients, oligotrophic - Nutrient poor
The bulk of the planet's freshwater is found where?
Frozen
What is a GMO?
Genetically modified organism, Cisgenic - organism with genes from same species, Transgenic - organism with genes from different species.
What is Fracking?
Hydraulic fracturing is using water and solvents under pressure to break shale underground and release natural gas 3. Acidic water exiting from a subsurface mine, very detrimental to aquatic ecosystems
The US currently obtains the greatest amount of renewable energy from this source.
Hydroelectric
What is the formula for Ecological Impact?
I = PAT (Population X Affluence X Technology
What are the three types of rocks? Which is most common on the surface of the earth?
Igneous, metamorphic, Sedimentary (common on surface)
The world population graph is a _________ curve
J
What is leachate?
Liquid generated from a landfill
Compared to non-renewable energy, what are three benefits of renewable energy?
Minimal (if any) CO2 emissions; No NOX, SO2, PM; endless supply; Wide region of application
What are the types of symbiotic relationships, and how is each species impacted?
Mutualism (+,+) Commensalism (+,0) Parasitism (+, -)
What are the major gases of the atmosphere?
Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (.93%), Carbon Dioxide (.035% or 350ppm)
How is atmospheric nitrogen converted to a useable form for plants?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria - Nitrogen fixation & ammonification
What are 3 major outdoor air pollutants?
Nox, SO2, PM10 & PM 2.5, VOCs
What are the major horizons of Soil? What is found in each?
OA(nutrients) B(accumulated metals; iron, aluminum) CR(bedrock)
What are the two types of tectonic plates and what are they made up of?
Oceanic (basalt) and Continental (granite)
What waste makes up the bulk of a landfill?
Paper products
Which of the biogeochemical cycles does not utilize the atmosphere?
Phosphorus
What are the two major types of weathering? Where on the planet do they occur?
Physical and Chemical Weathering. Physical occurs commonly outside of the tropics, chemical within the tropics
What are the four phases of the demographic transition and details of each?
Preindustrial, Transitional, Industrial, Post Industrial
How does a wastewater treatment plant work?
Primary treatment - remove solids Secondary treatment - activated sludge(biological) remediation then sterilization with chlorine or UV
What trophic level has to be the largest?
Producers
How do you calculate population doubling time?
Rule of 70 (70/%growth rate)
Photovoltaic cells utilize what mineral to capture solar energy?
Silicon
What are two abiotic factors that erode soil?
Soil is primarily eroded by water, second is wind.
What are the major surface mining techniques ?
Strip mining, contour mining, open pit, mountaintop removal
What is the primary energy source for terrestrial ecosystems?
Sun
Tar Sands are full of bitumen, where are the bulk of the tar sands and what is bitumen?
Tar sands are predominantly found in Alberta, Canada. Bitumen is dense oil which must be refined for use.
What is a carrying capacity?
The maximum population size based on ecosystem limits
What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?
The presence of soil indicates secondary succession
