APES UNIT 2

At which time after clear - cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness ?

100 yrs

The pH at which 50 percent of the Daphnia survive after 2 hours of exposure can be predicnad from the data This pH is closest to ?

4.5

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct ?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors .

Highly specialized species tend to evolve on islands because of the environmental conditions and resource availability . Based on the theory of island biogeography , which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland ?

A small island in close proximity to the mainland

Based on the data shown in the graph when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest ?

About three years after the volcanic eruption

Of additional interest is the long - term response of bull trout to the additional habitat opened up above the former dams . Lincoln , A. E , J. A. Shaffer , and I. P. Quinn 2018. Opportunistic use of estuarine habitat by juvenile Bull Trout , Salvelinis confiuentus from the Ehwha River before , during , and after dam removal Environmental Biology of Fishes 101 1559-1569 Which of the following best identifies the author's claim ?

Buli trout are unable to live in high sediment loaded waters and migrated to avoid the conditions introduced during dam deconstruction

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of largo areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash and - burn agriculture ?

Deceased evaporation because of the loss of the tree canopy

Based on the data in the table , which ecosystem is in the earliest stages of succession

Ecosystem B

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors , such as wildfires , can allect biodiversity in an ecosystem ?

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity of

Reasons that the population size of an exotic species often grows rapidly when the spesies is introduced in a new environment include which of the following ? 1. The exotic species is resistant to pesticides . II There is a large , underutilized food source in the new environment . III . The exotic species has few natural predators in the new environment .

II and III only

Five islands , A , B , C , D , and E , differ only in distance from the mainland , area , and species diversity . Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity ?

Island B

Which of the following best describes the role of moss in the transition to stage III of the process ?

It breaks down rock and adds organic nutrients to the soil .

Based on the data shown in the graph , which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community ?

Measure the biomass of the pioneer species present before and after the volcanic eruption

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area ?

Number of species present and number of individuals within each species

A North Carolina timber company proposes to elear - out 45 hectares of pak - hiekory deciduous forest in the Appalachian Mountains . The company has said that the forest will regrow naturally , and 50 years after the clear - cutting the company plans to harvest again , cutting all the oaks and hickories that have at least a 4n - centimeter diameter . À local citizens group Clairs that this is not a realistic plan . Which of the following if true , best supports the claim of the citizens ' group ?

Oak and hickory are late - successional species ; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished .

Which of the following best identifies and describes the process that is illustrated in the diagram above ?

Primary succession , because the process in the diagram begins with bare rock .

Based on the data shown in the graph which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat ?

Primary succession statements

Which of the following best describes why secondary succession generally occurs more quickly than primary succession ?

Secondary succession takes place in areas that already have soil and nutrients in place whereas primary succession occurs in areas that lack soil

Silver carp were introduced in the southeastern United States in the 1970s from their native habitar of China to control algal blooms that were occurring at aquaculture facilities and sewage lagoons Silver carp escaped from captivity shortly after their introduction and are currently found as far / north as North Dakota and Minnesota . Which of the following describes an unintended , Negarive censequence of the introduction of silver carp into the United States ?

Silver carp became an invasive species in the United Stares because their numbers were not being controlled by natural predators

For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater raie of species extinction than larger less isolated islands ?

Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources .

A one - hectare pond is sampled in early September . The sample yields I small catfish as well as 17 benthic invertebrates that represent 10 species . the pond is resampled a year later , which of the following would best indicate that the pond had been adversely affected by adjacent development ?

The biodiversity of the pond has decreased

Which of the following best describes the frog species ' range of tolerance to acidic conditions ?

The frogs can tolerate a pH between 4.5 and 6

Which of the following statements hest explains why the Devils Hole pupfish are able to live in this environment ?

The pupfish are well adapted to the habitat of Devils Hole and can thrive in conditions that are outside of the range of tolerance for most other species .

A 163 square kilometer ( km ? ) small island is found 2,000 km from the mainland . A second larger , 230,000 Km ? island is found 1,000 km from the mainland , Based on the theory of island biogeography , which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island ?

The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island .

A one - hectare pond is sampled in early September . The sample yields I small catfish as well as 17 henthic invertebrates that represent 10 species . Which of the following can be esumated from the sample for the invertebrates in the pond ?

The species richness

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem ?

The total number of different plant species

Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought ?

The total number of finches in the population decreased , and the larger - beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment .

The table below shows measurements of the beak size of a sample of ten ground finches on each of two islands in the Galáspagos archipelago . The two islands are about ten kilometers apart , and all the birds are the same species Given that beak size is genetically determined , which of the following hypotheses is the most likely explanation for the differences in data between the islands ?

The types of food found on the two islands exert selective prescure on beak size .

Which of the following characteristics of the brown marmorated stink bug has led to them being an invasive species in North America ?

They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions .

All of the following statements about invasive exotic species are true EXCEPT :

They tend to have low reproductive rates .

Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided b wetlands ?

Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle .

The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flceding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of

ecosystem services

Small populations of animals , such as those typically found on islands are prone to extinction because

they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events due to low degree of genetic variation

Based on the diagram above , in which stage are most species present considered pioneer species ?

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