apes unit 2 - the living world: biodiversity

Which of the following was the average beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major in 1976? Responses 1. 8.8 mm 2. 9.5 mm 3. 10.2 mm 4. 13.8 mm

10.2

Which of the following was the number of finches in the population with a beak size of 10.2 mm in 1978? Responses 1. 8 2. 12 3. 40 4. 65

12

Which of the following explanations is best supported by the data shown in the map above? Responses 1. Earth's climate has changed over geological time, and plates on Earth's crust have shifted. 2. Sea level rise has led to an increased concentration of wildlife inland as the coastal areas flood. 3. Organisms adapt to human population growth by changing at the genetic level. 4. Animals migrate seasonally to mate and to find food in different habitats.

Animals migrate seasonally to mate and to find food in different habitats.

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat? 1. Primary succession 2. Flooding 3. Sea level rise 4. Sea level rise Global climate change

primary succession

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim? 1. Bull trout experienced high mortality rates as a result of the formation of the estuary and sediments released during dam deconstruction. 2. Bull trout are adaptable to a variety of habitats and were able to survive in the river habitat during the dam deconstruction. 3. Bull trout remained in the estuary system after the dam deconstruction because the disruption had irreversibly altered the river habitat. 4. Bull trout are unable to live in high sediment loaded waters and migrated to avoid the conditions introduced during dam deconstruction.

Bull trout are unable to live in high sediment loaded waters and migrated to avoid the conditions introduced during dam deconstruction.

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct? 1) Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community. 2) A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity. 3) Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration. 4) A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought? Responses 1. The total number of finches in the population increased, and the smaller-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment. 2. The total number of finches in the population increased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment. 3. The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the smaller-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment. 4. The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment

The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment

Highly specialized species tend to evolve on islands because of the environmental conditions and resource availability. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following would most likely experience the greatest decline of specialist species if an invasive species emigrated from the mainland? Responses 1. A small island a far distance from the mainland 2. A small island in close proximity to the mainland 3. A large island a far distance from the mainland 4. A large island in close proximity to the mainland

A small island in close proximity to the mainland

Which of the following examples illustrates the community with the highest biodiversity? 1) A2 B8 C10 D10 E20 2) A 1 B 4 C 4 D 6 E 30 3) A 5 B 5 C 5 D 15 E 20 4) A10 B10 C10 D10 E10

A10 B10 C10 D10 E10

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim? 1. Aardvarks are shifting the location of their territories as a response to global climate change. 2. Aardvarks are a keystone species and their decline could have a trophic cascade effect on the ecosystem. 3. The loss of aardvarks described in the study was an isolated incident because most aardvark populations are increasing globally. 4. Providing aardvarks with more burrows will help them maintain their body temperature and increase survival rates.

Aardvarks are a keystone species and their decline could have a trophic cascade effect on the ecosystem.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph? Responses 1. The temperature of Earth rises and biodiversity increases immediately after a volcanic eruption. 2. The carrying capacity of plants in the area is approximately 250 species. 3. After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession. 4. Plant species that are well adapted will survive and reproduce, leading to a change in the ecosystem biodiversity through the process of natural selection.

After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem? 1) After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which will increase genetic diversity. 2) Habitat diversity will increase the available niches if the landscape becomes more uniform after a disturbance. 3) Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity. 4) Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant.

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest? Responses 1. Before the volcanic eruption occurred 2. One to four years after the volcanic eruption 3. Four to ten years after the volcanic eruption 4. Ten to fourteen years after the volcanic eruption

One to four years after the volcanic eruption

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community? Responses 1. Determine if the keystone species in the ecosystem is present two years after the volcanic eruption 2. Measure the biomass of the pioneer species present before and after the volcanic eruption 3. Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption 4. Calculate the net primary productivity of a specific indicator species every year after the eruption

Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

Which of the following best identifies the author's claim? 1. The increased size of the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico is forecasted to benefit the fishing industry in the United States. 2. The increased rainfall events in the United States are decreasing the tolerance of fish and other marine species in the Gulf of Mexico because of a decreased concentration of oxygen. 3. Many marine species are migrating away from the Gulf of Mexico as a result of increased nutrient pollution from increased rainfall events. 4. The large hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico is directly linked to climate change in the Mississippi River watershed.

The increased rainfall events in the United States are decreasing the tolerance of fish and other marine species in the Gulf of

Which of the following statements correctly describes the trends seen in the data? Responses 1. The highest sea level occurred in the Triassic period. 2. The lowest sea level occurred during the Paleogene period. 3. The first rise in sea level occurred during the Cretaceous period. 4. Sea level decreased from the beginning of the Triassic period to the end of the Cretaceous period.

The lowest sea level occurred during the Paleogene period.

A 163 square-kilometer (km2) small island is found 2,000km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000km2 island is found 1,000km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island? Responses 1. The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island. 2. The small island has niches that are more like the mainland than the large island. 3. The small island has more available resources than the large island. 4. The rate of species extinction is lower on the small island than on the large island.

The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island.

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent? 1. There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers. 2. Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do. 3. There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents. 4. Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.