APES unit 3

a metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants, and 100 immigrants over a one year period . Its population growth rate is

1.4%

Based on the data shown in the table, calculate the percent change in the population density of unionid mussels from 1991 to 1997. Show your work.

2-8/8(100)= -75 percent two minus eight over eight divided by 100

Based on the pattern shown in the table, calculate the percent change in the population density of zebra mussels from 2009 to 2015.

2750-2000/2000(100)= 37.5 percent 2750 minus 2000 over 2000 = 37.5

Populations whose age structure diagrams are narrower at the bottom than at the top have

A declining population

Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants in the desert is

A limiting factor

Nonliving factor that affects an ecosystem

Abiotic factor

The demographic transition model describes population change over time as a country becomes more developed. Age-structure diagrams describe how populations are distributed across age ranges. Which of the following age-structure diagrams best displays the age ranges in a country that is in stage 2 of the demographic transition?

An expansive pyramid age-structure diagram

Based on current trends and patterns, which of the following statements best predicts how the human population will change over the next 50 years?

As the population density increases, there will be an increase in disease transmission, leading to increased mortality.

Which of the following claims best supports the classification of bees as an organism that displays a Type II survivorship curve, as shown in the graph above?

Away from the colony, bees experience a constant probability of death per unit time as a foraging species.

Estimated growth rate of organisms living under optimal conditions

Biotic potential

Describe one way an invasive species, such as the zebra mussel, can decrease the carrying capacity for a native species in an ecosystem.

Can decrease the carrying capacity for a native species in an ecosystem by preying on the food sources of the native species. Resulting in them outnumbering the native species

The maximum number of organisms that can survive in a particular ecosystem

Carrying capacity

An environmental factors such as storms and extreme heat or cold that affects population regardless of their density

Density independent factors

Identify two main contributors for the dramatic increase in the world population over the last century

Development of modern medicine introduction of the industrial revolution

Which limiting factor would increase due to an increase in population density

Disease

What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population

Emigration

A variety of plants and animals inhabit a forest ecosystem. Which statement correctly explains why certain organisms would be more likely to survive than others if a forest fire burned the area?

Generalist species are more likely to survive because they can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources.

Which of the following best describes a difference between generalist species and specialist species?

Generalists use a large range of resources, while specialists have a limited range of resources they use to survive.

A scientist is studying a biome that experiences large seasonal fluctuations in both temperature and precipitation patterns. Which of the following would best characterize the organisms that inhabit the biome?

Generalists would be most abundant, because the resources available would be constantly changing.

Identify one characteristic of an -selected species that could increase the likelihood of the -selected species being a more successful invasive species than -selected species.

Having more offspring

Which of the following density-independent factors can affect the size of a human population?

Heat waves

Based on the survivorship curves shown below, which of the following is a possible reason for the change in the shape of the curve from 1900 to 1980?

Improvements in health-care services and medical research

Which of the following would increase population size

Increase birth rates, immigration

Which of the following is necessary for a country to process to stage three in the DTM

Increased education for women

Which of the following statements best describes why birth and death rates are changing in a country that is in Phase 2 of the demographic transition?

Individuals have better sanitation and access to clean drinking water.

Describe one potential negative ecological consequence of your proposed solution for reducing the zebra mussel population in the Hudson River.

Introduced predator or pathogen can harm other organisms besides the zebra mussels.

The sea otter is a that influences the survival of many other species in its ecosystem

Keystone species

Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population

Limiting education for women

When the availability of food, water, space and shelter become less than wet populations need

Limiting factor

Biotic potential refers to

Maximum reproductive rate of a population in ideal conditions

A species described as R-strategist would definitely not have which of the following characteristics

Much parenting

Which of the following characteristics are typical. Of r selected species One ) they produce many offspring in a short period of time two) they have very low survivorship early in life three) they take a long time to reach reproductive maturity

One and two

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is

Population

To find population density

Population divided by area

Even if a country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement level fertility, Its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of

Population momentum

These types of organisms which multiply rapidly in numbers

R- strategist

Using the rule of 70 a population growing at 10% with double in

Seven years

What will happen to the population when the death rate is larger than the birth rate

Shrink

Which of the following statements about total fertility rate is correct

TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years

A country is currently in the second stage of the demographic transition. Currently the country has a birth rate of 37.9 births per 1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13.4 deaths per 1,000 individuals. Which of the following changes would indicate that the country is moving from the second stage into the third stage of the demographic transition?

The birth rate declines to 25.3 births per 1,000 individuals.

What is shown by an age structure diagram

The number of males and females there are in each age group

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organism that displays a Type III survivorship curve, as shown in the graph above?

The organism produces large numbers of offspring every time it reproduces.

Researchers monitored the number of reindeer over time on an island off the coast of Alaska. The reindeer were introduced in year 1, and the population size was counted every 5 years. The data are shown in the table above. Which of the following claims about trends in the population size over time is best supported by the data?

The population exceeded the carrying capacity of the island, which led to a decrease in the population size following extreme resource depletion.

What is the total fertility rate of a population of a replacement level

Two

Tracks organisms that tend to live long lives (Low death rate and high survivorship rate) toward the end of their life expectancies, however, there is a dramatic increase in the death rate

Type one (I)

Describes organisms with a high death rate ( or low survivorship rate) immediately following birth. Examples include bacteria, fishes, and invertebrates

Type three (III)

Propose a solution for reducing the zebra mussel population in the Hudson River.

introduce predators or a pathogen to kill the zebra mussels

_____ grows slowly over time cares for its young over a long period of time and is usually near the carrying capacity of its ecosystem

k- strategists

The rule of 70 can be used to determine a population's doubling time. Doubling time is a measure of the

population growth rate

Song sparrows are found in a variety of habitats, including marshes, grasslands, agricultural fields, and suburban areas. They feed on a variety of organisms, including beetles, caterpillars, snails, and earthworms. They also consume plants, including different types of grains and berries. The table below summarizes the reproductive data for song sparrows. Based on the description and the data table above, which of the following combinations best classifies the song sparrow?

r-strategist and generalist

The number of males compared to females in a population is the

sex ratio

What are the abiotic factors in this image

water, sunlight, dirt, air