APES UNIT 5 B

Biocapacity can be defined as the amount of resources available to individuals in a given country at a specific moment in time. Which of the following statements best explains the trends in the above data? A) Biocapacity increased because more forested land was cleared for farming, whereas the ecological deficit decreased because of a decline in trade of environmentally derived products with other countries. B) The ecological footprint decreased as biocapacity increased because individuals began buying more locally grown and organic produce. C) Biocapacity increased because of improved farming techniques on existing farmland, and the ecological deficit increased because of a growing population and more demand for goods. D) The ecological deficit has increased as a result of an increase in recycling programs and a reduction in use of fossil fuels.

C) Biocapacity increased because of improved farming techniques on existing farmland, and the ecological deficit increased because of a growing population and more demand for goods.

Soybean crops are generally planted in early or mid-May and harvested in August. The table below shows the times of peak damage to soybean crops from various agricultural pests. Farmers use this type of data calendar to track pests and plan integrated pest management strategies to maximize crop yields. Based on the data above, which of the following pests is a concern to farmers for the longest period of time? A) Snails B) White mold C) Soybean rust D) Japanese beetles

C) Soybean rust

An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Which of the following would be the best measure to use to determine the effectiveness of the rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff? A) The size and shape of the rain gardens B) The intensity and duration of the storm event C) The speed and volume of the water exiting the gardens D) The temperature of the parking lot and the roof

C) The speed and volume of the water exiting the gardens

Which of the following statements best describes an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture fish-farm enclosures located in estuaries? A) Fish farms create waste that contaminates potential drinking-water resources for coastal communities. B) Aquaculture can decrease pressures on overexploited fisheries, increasing fish populations. C) Cultivated fish can escape and breed with wild populations, increasing the population size of wild fish in coastal waters. D) Aquaculture enclosures can harbor parasites that can negatively affect wild populations that breed in estuaries.

D) Aquaculture enclosures can harbor parasites that can negatively affect wild populations that breed in estuaries.

The chart below illustrates how many liters of water are needed to produce some common foods. Which of the following foods is most suitable to cultivate to minimize water consumption per kilogram of food? A) Nuts B) Cow meat C) Chicken meat D) Cereals

D) Cereals

Which of the following would be considered an advantage of increased urban sprawl? A) As individuals move out of urban areas to nearby suburbs, the population densities of cities will decrease, reducing the spread of infectious disease. B) As new homes are built in suburban areas, the cost of materials will decrease, reducing the need to clear-cut old-growth forests. C) As urban sprawl increases, the availability of land for farming and wildlife habitats will decrease, increasing the loss of biodiversity. D) As more individuals live in suburbs and work in cities, transportation methods will change, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted.

A) As individuals move out of urban areas to nearby suburbs, the population densities of cities will decrease, reducing the spread of infectious disease.

Soybean crops are generally planted in early or mid-May and harvested in August. The table below shows the times of peak damage to soybean crops from various agricultural pests. Farmers use this type of data calendar to track pests and plan integrated pest management strategies to maximize crop yields. Based on the data above, which of the following time periods are insect pests most detrimental to the soybean crops? A) Early May through mid-September B) Mid-April through the end of June C) Early May through early July D) Mid-June through the end of August

A) Early May through mid-September

The chart below illustrates how many liters of water are needed to produce some common foods. Which foods are the most sustainable to produce in order to provide the most kilocalories to the world's growing population while still minimizing water usage? A) Vegetables B) Chickens C) Cows D) Eggs

A) Vegetables

The chart below illustrates how many liters of water are needed to produce some common foods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table? A) Milk requires more water per kilocalorie than nuts do. B) Chicken meat requires less water per kilocalorie than cow meat does. C) Eggs require less water per kilocalorie than pig meat does. D) Butter requires more water per kilocalorie than fruit does.

B) Chicken meat requires less water per kilocalorie than cow meat does.

An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Plant selection is important for a rain garden. Which of the following best describes the types of plants that would be most effective to use in the rain garden in this experimental design to reduce the impact of urban runoff? A) Flowering plant species so that offspring are genetically different from the parent plants B) Flood-tolerant plant species so that the plants can withstand large pulses of water from storms C) Invasive plant species so that the plants can reproduce rapidly once the soil is saturated from storms D) Genetically modified plant species so that the plants are resistant to drought and insect pests

B) Flood-tolerant plant species so that the plants can withstand large pulses of water from storms

Which of the following is an example of an environmental benefit of aquaculture? A) Raising large numbers of fish in a small area near the shore will increase the profitability of the fish harvest. B) Raising fish using aquaculture and feeding human populations with the harvest reduces the number of fish caught from the ocean. C) Aquaculture supports the food supply for humans, and the fish can also be released into the wild to repopulate the ocean. D) Aquaculture results in large amounts of fish that can feed large numbers of people and help to increase human population growth.

B) Raising fish using aquaculture and feeding human populations with the harvest reduces the number of fish caught from the ocean.

An urban planner is designing a new urban housing development in a currently rural area near an existing city. The urban development will have five 10-story apartment buildings, two basketball courts, a playground with permeable foam pavers, a 10-acre green space with a small man-made pond, one 5-story parking deck, and direct access to the mass transit train line. Which of the following aspects in the design for this new urban development would most likely have the greatest negative environmental impact? A) The two basketball courts B) The five apartment buildings C) The 10-acre green space D) The playground

B) The five apartment buildings

The graph below shows change in the world's ecological footprint in billions of global hectares and change in the world's biocapacity, the land needed to sustainably support the human population, between 1961 and 2014. Which of the following statements correctly describes the trend of ecological footprint compared to biocapacity from 1961 to 2014 ? A) The amount of land humans can use for food production and waste disposal has risen from 8 billion to 20 billion global hectares. B) The world's ecological footprint has risen above its capacity to sustainably provide for the human population. C) The number of global hectares needed for the human population to survive is steadily decreasing because of technological advances in agriculture. D) The amount of land that can sustain the human population is rising more quickly than the ecological footprint of the human population as a result of deforestation.

B) The world's ecological footprint has risen above its capacity to sustainably provide for the human population.

An environmental agency wants to evaluate the effectiveness of rain gardens in reducing the impact of urban runoff from an impervious parking lot and from the roof of the building. The parking lot is slightly sloped so the rainwater flows toward the gardens. The runoff from the roof is collected by various downspouts and directed toward the gardens. Scientists at the agency plan to monitor the effectiveness by measuring the water quality of the storm water as it moves through the gardens during and after storm events. Which of the following would be the best control in this experimental design? A) Water samples collected from a faucet inside the building B) Water samples collected from the roof or parking lot before they passed through the gardens C) Soil samples collected from different rain gardens on the property D) Soil samples collected from under the parking lots around the city

B) Water samples collected from the roof or parking lot before they passed through the gardens

Soybean crops are generally planted in early or mid-May and harvested in August. The table below shows the times of peak damage to soybean crops from various agricultural pests. Farmers use this type of data calendar to track pests and plan integrated pest management strategies to maximize crop yields. Based on the data above, which of the following pests is most likely to affect mature plants ready for harvest? A) Clover and dandelion B) White mold C) Cutworms D) Slugs and snails

B) White mold

Ecological overshoot occurs when a population's demand on an ecosystem exceeds the biocapacity of that ecosystem to regenerate the resources that are consumed and to absorb wastes. Based on the graph above, in which of the following periods did the human population first exceed Earth's biocapacity? A) 1960-1965 B) 1970-1975 C) 1975-1980 D) 1985-1990

C) 1975-1980

An urban planner is designing a new urban housing development in a currently rural area near an existing city. The urban development will have five 10-story apartment buildings, two basketball courts, a playground with permeable foam pavers, a 10-acre green space with a small man-made pond, one 5-story parking deck, and direct access to the mass transit train line. Which of the following aspects of the design for this new urban development will best help to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere? A) The land cleared to build the new development occurs in a rural area rather than within the city limits. B) The playground is made with permeable foam pavers rather than with impervious concrete. C) Access to the mass transit train line will provide inhabitants an alternative to driving personal vehicles. D) Food and other resources must be transported to the development from up to 200 miles away.

C) Access to the mass transit train line will provide inhabitants an alternative to driving personal vehicles.

Which of the following is a negative consequence of aquaculture? A) Protein-rich food is provided to billions of people. B) Pressure on wild fish populations is reduced. C) Excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can leak from the location. D) Other species (by-catch) may be accidentally removed during harvest

C) Excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus can leak from the location.