APES Unit 5 exam

What is the volume of rainwater that has an opportunity to percolate through the soil and recharge the aquifer beneath the property?

14m3

According to the graph, what is the approximate ANNUAL growth rate of China's aquaculture seafood production from 1990-2010?

20%

According to the graph, what was the total precent increase in Indonesia's aquaculture production from 2005-2014?

250%

Livestock that is fattened on a grain diet will have a higher fat content in their meat and are considered to have more flavor and be more tender. According to the USDA, what percentage of the corn grown in the US is used to feed livestock?

35%

Select the letter of the site that, based on data shown, will be BEST able to recover from additional exposure to mine drainage.

A

Refer to the map and select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement. World's largest aquifer

A (in america)

Which of the following BEST illustrates a tragedy of the common?

A pond is privately owned land is regularly overfished by the family that owns it. Every year, they buy more fish to restock the pond. No plans have been made to change these practices.

The Green Revolution refers to which of the following?

A time when the farming practices switched in order to produce more food

Which of the following is NOT a tree pest?

Ades aegypti

Which of the following accounts for the highest freshwater use in the United States, after electricity production?

Agricultural

Which of the following describes the LARGEST human use of freshwater?

Agricultural

Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer, as shown in the map?

Agricultural use

Which of the following would NOT be considered a factor in the size of a person's ecological footprint?

Amount of CO2 emitted in the atmosphere

A commercial fishery has recently notices that the bluefin tune in their harvest was smaller in size. All of the following account for the charge in the size of the bluefin tuna EXCEPT

An evolutionary shift in the number of predators remaining in each harvest

Based on the data above, which of the following environmental effects will occur if the number of trees continues to decline?

An increase in average surface temperatures

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Dust Bowl in the 1930's?

An increase in polyculture

Which of the following is NOT associated with this demographic shift?

An increase in the spread of infectious diseases

Of the following organisms, which species would NOT be considered "bycatch" when utilizing drift net fishing?

Bluefin Tuna

What type of commercial fishing practice can destroy benthic habitats?

Bottom trawling

The image below shows a porpoise trapped in fishing net. Which of the following fishing terms best identifies this problem?

Bycatch

If this resource is being harvested sustainably, at which of the following points on the diagram will the resource be collected to ensure a maximum sustainable yield?

C

According to the data provided, which of the following countries would have the largest ecological footprint?

Canada

Which is NOT one of the innovative practices directly promoted by the green revolution?

Chemical processes are used to make synthetic fertilizers which were not possible before.

Which of the following refers to the removal of all trees in an area at one time?

Clear cutting

A group of local environmentalist has noticed a recent decline in the frog species population. Based on the data above, which of the following agricultural practices would be considered the main contributor to their decline?

Commercial Fertilizers

A pasture is used for grazing and has no set regulation for how often a farmer's sheep can come and graze. Which of the following would not be an environmental effect as a result of this shared resource?

Desertification

Which of the following describes how energy consumption in developed and developing countries compare?

Developed countries consume more energy per capita.

Which of the following irrigation types will be BEST for the farmer?

Drip irrigation

Worldwide, the depletion of aquifers is becoming a critical issue. Our agricultural practice require a dependable supply of water in order to get the high yield we have come to expect. Which type of irrigation conserves the MOST water?

Drip irrigation

The table below displays water quality data from five sites located along a stream in West Virginia. Based on the data shown, which site is MOST likely to be located closest to a coal mine?

E

Which of the following cause serves as a direct example of renewable resource depletion as a consequence of exponential human population growth?

Easter Islands

US fisheries are directly regulated by all of the following agencies EXCEPT

Environmental Protection agency

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Excessive irrigation leads to water logging, where as evaporation leads to salinization

Which of the following methods is one that falls into the first category increasing crop yield?

Fertilization

The decline of a fish population by 90% or more is known as which of the following?

Fishery collapse

A farmer wants to increase his crop yields of corn with little to no use of pesticides. Which of the following would be the BEST solution?

Genetically modify the corn with the Bacillus thuringiensis gene

Which of the following is the BEST explanation for the saltwater intrusion?

Global warming has melted the polar ice caps, and the rising sea level has forced saltwater into the freshwater aquifers.

Setting up a good urban site includes finding all of the following EXCEPT

Heavily forested area, with many plants to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and to provide shade for workers

Which of the following type of pesticides would help combat weeds overtaking a crop of soybeans?

Herbicides

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an environmental consequence of replacing a natural forest with a tree plantation?

Increased Flooding

Which of the following is a benefit of the Green Revolution?

Increased crop yields

All of the following are environmental drawbacks associated with recycling EXCEPT

Increased processing cost

Which of the following developing countries is of LEAST concern regarding depleting natural resources through meat consumption?

India

Which of the following agricultural practices would NOT result in environmental damage?

Integrated pest management.

The logging industry is a big advocate of clearcutting as their form of harvesting trees. Which of the following is an economic advantage of this form of tree removal?

It decreases the price of lumber for the consumers.

Agriculture and logging are the driving force behind clearing millions of acres of tropical rainforest each year. Which of the following is NOT a likely result of rainforest deforestation?

Lack of vegetation leads to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels which increase the rate of ozone destruction.

Which of the following could be done to mitigate the destructive impacts of tree plantations?

Leave corridors of native forests uncut

As human populations traverse through the demographic transition, which starts out as a rural society transitions to one of a more urban setting. Which of the following scenarios is NOT a product of urbanization?

Leaving a smaller ecological footprint

Which of the following foods is the MOST sustainable?

Locally-raised, grass-fed beef.

If conditions remain constant, what is the largest annual catch of a particular species that can be harvested without long-term depletion of fisheries?

Maximum sustainable yield

All of the following accurately describe mechanization EXCEPT

Mechanization is profitable for farmers who own smaller amount of land.

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement in regards to water use?

Nearly 60% of renewable groundwater resources are consumed to fulfill human needs each year

What is the name of the largest aquifer on Earth located in the western part of the United States?

Ogallala Aquifer

Which of the following is NOT true of old-growth forests?

Old-growth forests are also called secondary growth forests.

In the US, urban blight has increased. Which statement is NOT correct?

One of the causes of urban blight is the Highway Trust Fund

Many modern farmers use regiments of pesticides throughout the season. Which graph represents a significant disadvantage of long-term pesticide use?

Pesticide use increase, pesticides resistance increase

A crop of potatoes is damaged by a species called a species called aphids. Which of the following would be a rapid approach to decreasing the crop damage while increasing crop yields?

Pesticides

Which of the following would be the BEST solution to decrease the use of freshwater globally?

Provide regulations in developed countries that increase water efficiency for toilets, showers, and other water-consuming appliances.

All fo the following are example of Tragedy of the Commons EXCEPT

Redefining a country's borders to include more mountainous terrain.

Which of the following will LEAST likely contribute to the heat island effect?

Requiring new buildings to use light-grey asphalt atop their roofs

Which of the following is NOT a component of integrated pest management?

Rotating the type of synthetic pesticide sprayed based on the temperature and humidity.

Which of the following farming techniques will BEST help in preventing decertification?

Rotational grazing

Excessive extraction of groundwater within proximity to saline ecosystems can lead to

Saltwater intrusion

Which of the following is NOT a method that was popularized during the Green Revolution to increase food production?

Slash and burn techniques.

There are a number of environmental concerns about this project, including the impact on one particular anadromous fish species. Which of the following species is at GREATEST risk?

Sockeye salmon

One type of surface mining, strip mining, involves removing overburden in order to get to the mineral bing mined (coal in this case) What is overburden?

Soil and rock that are on top of the coal.

The diagram below shows ecological footprint data for 11 countries. Based on the data, which of the countries is living the LEAST sustainable lifestyle?

South Korea

Which of the following is known as the high-density growth of areas on the fringes of cities?

Suburbanization

All of the following legislative acts are involved in reducing and remediating the environmental impacts of mining EXCEPT

The Lacey Act

Which of the following correctly describes how the practice of tilling can lead to an increase in soil erosion?

The amount of crop residue declines

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop>?

The cycle of finding a new pesticide when pests have become resistant

A farm's soil is its lifeblood. Which agricultural technique is the LEAST effective for reducing the erosion of a farmer's field?

The farmer can practice no-till agriculture.

Which of the following is the BEST conclusion for the effect of pesticide usage according to the image above?

The first usage of pesticide shows a large decrease in pest populations, then the population increases over time due to an increase in resistant pests.

Which of the following concerns is MOST logical given this data?

The growth of cereals is surpassing the need from the population and could be an unsustainable yield that would impact the future.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn using the graph?

The increase in pesticide use over time causes an increase in pesticide resistant species

Which of the following is NOT associated with mono cropping?

The need for tilling is greatly reduced.

Which of the following describes how the use of IPM will affect the amount of pollution entering the oceans?

The percentage of pollution entering the oceans from agricultural sources will decrease.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a typical tree plantation?

The presence of old-growth trees

Which of the following describes the influence of clearcutting forest on climate change?

The temperature of the nearby pond will increase.

The graph above shows a significant decline in the Atlantic Cod stock. The cod were not owned by one processing company and the government did not impose strict and enforceable quotas on the harvest. As a result, fisherman read against each other to harvest as much as they could. This is an example of?

The tragedy of the commons

What is the primary reason why the Colorado River no longer drains to the Gulf of CA?

There is a major diversion of water flow due to dams and human consumption.

Which of the following described how private ownership of a shared resource would help in reducing the effects of the tragedy of the commons?

There will be incentives for the owner to protect the land

Despite gaining fertile soil, which of the following is an environmental disadvantage of the slash and burn farming technique?

Thermal pollution

According to the table above, which of the following freshwater conservation strategies will be MOST effective for the conservation of groundwater?

Thermal power plants

When a field becomes waterlogged, which of the following consequences could it have on the plants?

They will die as they are unable to absorb oxygen through their roots.

Which of the following techniques are important to forest management?

Timber sales and prescribed burns

Pressure from special interest groups and community members led the resort to take action to conserve water and protect sea turtles. All of the following activities lower the environmental impact of the resort EXCEPT?

Water the resort landscape twice a day during daylight hours.

All of the following are non-anthropogenic contributors to changes in global temperatures EXCEPT

World population is cows

An underground zone or body of earth material from which groundwater can be extracted is known as

an aquifer

All of the following are economic consequences of overfishing EXCEPT

an increase in livelihood

All of the following statements could explain this pattern in this graph EXCEPT

aquaculture often releases high levels of waste materials into the surrounding environment, which can pollute the area for wild fish populations and reduce their numbers.

Which of the following is the MOST common method for harvesting bottom-dwelling species such as flounder and cod?

bottom trawling

Desertification can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

crop rotation

Urban environments put pressure on groundwater supply due to increased population size but also due to

dark surfaces lead to increased evaporation.

Which of the following is a likely consequence of the irrigation of agricultural land over time?

depletion of aquifers in the area

Unsustainable agriculture practices such as tilling, slash-and-burn farming, and overgrazing can cause a decrease in which of the following?

desertification

Which of the following irrigation methods MOST efficiently uses water with the smallest percentage lost to evaporation?

drip

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tree plantations over natural forests?

greater carbon sequestration

All of the following answer choices are ecological consequences of CAFOs EXCEPT

groundwater contamination from deep well injection of water products

The amount of food frown in the United States has increased over the last 50 years. This can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

increase in arable land

If a majority of farmers used an integrated pest management system, which of the following describes how this data would change in the future?

increase in pesticide resistant species

Which of the following are indicators of achieving sustainable growth?

increased standard of living for all people

Which of the following statements is TRUE about overgrazing

increases soil compaction

What does the tragedy of the commons refer to?

individual exploitation of shared resource leads to long term depletion for all

Which of the following types of agriculture is the MOST sustainable?

intercropping

Which of the following is TRUE about saltwater intrusion?

it describes the movement of salt water into coastal freshwater aquifers due to the increased hydraulic pressure of salt water and human driven depletion of fresh water.

All of the following contributed to the important of harvesting fish stock at their maximum sustainable yield EXCEPT that

it will lower the population growth rate.

Benefits associated with aquaculture include all of the following EXCEPT

low impacts on local ecosystems

Approximately 3.3 millions sharks end up as bycatch each year threatening their populations. Which of the following is a result of the decline of their populations?

maintained biodiversity

The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth is known as

mining

Which of the following types of farming methods is represented by the information above?

nomadic farming

Which of the following lists includes types of surface mining?

open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, and strip mining.

the MOST common cause of salinization of agricultural soils over time is

over irrigation

Lands that are primarily used for the production of adapted, domesticated forage plants for livestock are known as

pastures

The pesticide treadmill occurs when

pests evolve to develop resistance to pesticides over time, requiring farmers to use higher doses or develop new pesticides.

The process of restoring land that has been mined to a natural or economically usable purpose is known as

reclamation

Which of the following would NOT be sued to improve the sustainability of a city?

reduce the heat-island effect by paving roads with concrete instead of asphalt

Which of the following is TURE about the improved use of rangelands in the western United States since the 1990s?

rotational grazing is used so cattle do not damage sensitive vegetation near riparian areas, thus protecting watersheds.

The build up of salt in soil leading to a loss in top productivity Is called

salinization

Which of the following diseases is Golden Rice trying to prevent?

scurvy

The process of removing mature trees in groups over many years and leaving many mature trees to reseed the area is known as

shelterwood cutting

Which of the following is NOT considered a sustainable agricultural practice?

slash and burn

Fire can benefit ecosystems by all of the following EXCEPT

slows the nitrogen cycle

Which of the following is NOT a cause of urban sprawl?

smart growth

All of the following are true mining activities EXCEPT

subsurface mining has more direct environmental impacts than open-pit mines.

All of the following reduce the carrying capacity of cattle in rangelands EXCEPT

supplemental forage for cattle

Which of the following would be the MOST effective strategy for neutralizing the acidity of the contaminated surface water?

the addition of limestone to surface water

Crop rotation is an important part of sustainable farming. Which is NOT a benefit of crop rotation?

the immediate profitability of the farm will increase

What can be inferred from the graph above of wild capture fisheries harvest over the last 60 years?

the majority of capture comes from organisms found in the middle of the water column.

Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, provide all of there following advantages EXCEPT

the use of genetically modified organisms can prevent pests from developing resistance.

Greywater BEST describes

used water from household or business activities

Each of the following describes a way to reduce an ecological footprint EXCEPT

using energy source that rely on fossil fuels

All of the following are considered sustainable approaches to living EXCEPT

using non-biodegradable products