Apes Unit 6 pt 2
Nonrenewable definition
*cannot* be replaced as quickly as it is used; it will *run out* (not sustainable) high demand
If an incandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 percent, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?
0.05 joules of light energy
The half-life of radon gas is approximately four days. Four weeks after the introduction of radon into a sealed room, the fraction of the original amount remaining is closest to Responses
1/128
A home uses ten 100-watt lightbulbs for five hours per day. Approximately how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the lightbulbs?
1825
A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie?
30 years
what was percentage difference between energy consumption per capita in china as compared to india
340%
At the 1997 rate of consumption, about how long will the estimated 2,000 billion barrels of oil last
75 years
Biomass
A biological material derived from living a recently livving organisms
photovaltaic
A cell that converts solar energy to electricity
renewable energy definition
A resource that can be replaced when needed.
Some solar energy systems produce high-temperature water for industrial applications and produce steam to run turbines that generate electricity. What type of solar energy system is needed for these kinds of applications?
A solar collector system using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight
U-238
An isotope of Uranium used in nuclear power plants. common
Synfuels
Any fuel made from coal natural gas or biomass through chemical conversion
Which of the following would be the best location for a wind farm with ten industrial turbines?
Arranged uniformly on a local farm that has fields and pastureland for dairy and grain production
Which of the following best describes the energy resource used most often for heating and cooking in less developed countries?
Biomass is the predominant fuel source because it is easily obtained locally.
lignite
Brown coal most harmful
Which of the following is the current recommendation of Congress for the permanent storage of high-level radioactive waste in the United States?
Burial deep underground at sites remote from population centers
What does coal release when burned
CO2 carbon dioxide
Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?
Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.
This area has low water-flow velocities because flowing water forms a reservoir that can be used for hydroelectric power generation or recreation. Responses
D The water velocity slows as the river feeds into the reservoir behind the dam. The water can be used to turn a turbine for hydroelectric power generation or for recreation.
active solar
Distributes heat to appropriate places
A major limitation of using photovoltaic cells to generate electricity is that they
Do not produce as much electricity on cloudy days
This region has been the largest petroleum exporter for the past four decades.
E
Fukushima Daiichi
Earthquake caused a flood which caused a reactor to overheat and explode at a power plant
Which of the following is the most valid inference regarding electricity production, based on the graph above?
Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy.
first law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
geothermal
Energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth
Chemical energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds
Nuclear energy
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Based on the diagram, which processes would provide the energy used to generate electricity at the power plant?
Fission in radioactive fuel
U-235 and Pu-239
Fissionable isotopes with uranium
Nonrenewable example
Fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, and coal
Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production?
Geothermal energy production is a significant source of noise pollution. Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.
Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy
I and III only
Which of the following most likely had a direct influence on the trend shown in the graph for the electricity generation from wind?
Increased subsidies for renewable energy
A developer intends to use passive solar heating in a new construction project in Minnesota in an effort to reduce electricity costs for the property owners. Which of the following should be employed to maximize the benefit of passive solar heating?
Install south-facing glazed windows in the home and dark surfaces to cover the walls and floors.
Throughout the world, especially the less-developed countries, burning wood or other biomass for heating or cooking in homes is common. One negative environmental impact of this practice is the production of particulates indoors, which can be a health hazard to humans. Which of the following describes the best strategy for mitigating this potential problem?
Installing effective ventilation systems in dwellings
Buildings designed to partially heat rooms by passive solar heating rely on
Materials that absorb and store solar energy to warm the room.
Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?
Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.
Scientists are looking for new locations to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Which of the following locations would be the best choice for a geothermal energy generating plant?
Near tectonic plate boundaries
Which of the following PV panel systems is least effective at producing energy?
No tracking, tilted east
If peak electricity use occurs around 2p.m. in the Los Angeles area and avoiding brownouts is more important to the installers of the PV panels than annual energy output, which of the following PV panel systems would be best to use in the area?
No tracking, tilted west
Nuclear power is a component of the line labeled "Other" in the graph. Why is it impossible for nuclear energy to completely replace oil and gas in the future?
Nuclear power can supply electricity, but it cannot replace other uses of oil and gas.
Which of the following best describes a benefit of increasing the number of offshore wind farms rather than onshore wind farms?
Offshore winds farms will produce up to three times as much electricity as wind farms on land because of increased wind speeds offshore.
Which of the following statements is best supported by the data shown in the graph?
PV panels that can track the Sun and are constantly moving to always directly face the Sun produce the most electricity daily and annually.
hydroelectric power
Power generated from moving water. and damns
Based on the provided data, which of the following best explains the change in energy resource use?
Renewable sources replaced nonrenewable sources for electricity generation but not for transportation.
This energy source is used to generate electricity with photovoltaic (PV) cells.
Solar Energy
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nuclear energy as a source of electricity?
Spent fuel rods must be disposed of properly.
Renewable resources example
Sun, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal
scrubbers
Systems that inject chemicals into a dirty exhaust steam to wash out gasses
Oil
The fossil fuel produced by the decomposition of deeply buried organic material that gets trapped in small spaces Brought to surface by drilling
Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic solar cells?
The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment.
fracking
The pumping of water at high pressure to break apart rocks in order to release natural gas
Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source?
There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.
Which of the following is considered an advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity?
There is no CO2 emitted from the nuclear reaction.
Which of the following is a true statement concerning the production of electricity in conventional nuclear power plants using fission reactors?
Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy and then to electrical energy, as in coal-burning power plants.
Which of the following is the most practical solution to maximizing energy production at wind farms while minimizing the risk to wildlife?
Turn off turbines during periods of maximum migration.
Chernobyl
Ukraine nuclear accident Radiation induced cancers Iodine exposure
Energy Star
United States, environmental protection agency
Which of the following gases is released from the structure labeled C in the diagram?
Water vapor
If nuclear fission is not controlled...
a meltdown can occur
does nuclear power have co2 emissions
admits hardly any c02
which is not an advantage of using nuclear fission
all are advantages
what can't be used to produce hydrogen gas
all of the above methods can be used
examine graph to see US electricity net generation by fuel. what statements are true
all statements are true
In the majority of less developed countries, the major source of energy for domestic use is which of the following?
biomass
form of energy that is a renewable resource
biomass
Which of the following countries has the largest coal reserveres
china
Electromagnetic energy
travels in waves
What was the approximate percent increase in consumption from 1986 to 1997 ?
20%
How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?
36 quadrillion BTUS
Electrical energy
energy of moving electrons
Cogeneration
generate hear and electricity at same time
baghouse
huge filters that physically remove fly ash
form of energy that has low short term availability
petroleum
tar sands
rock or sand layers that contain oil that does not flow
Which of the following is the most successful solution to the problem of fish mortality caused by dams?
Building fish ladders around the dam
The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following?
The boiling points of the components
which of the following statements correctly explains the role of fossil fuels in the production of energy? Responses
The combustion of fossil fuels heats water to produce steam, which then turns a turbine.
sun energy
converts nuclear energy to heat in the process of nuclear fusiom
what does burning wood cause?
creates carbon dioxide heat, and ash Makes fine particles that lead to air pollution
biofuel
fuel from living matter
What three energy sources supply the majority of commercial energy in the world today?
oil natural gas and coal
methane hydrates
on land, or ocean floor
oil shall
organic rich oil
Peat
partially decayed vegetation formed on plants don't fully decay carbon sink
There are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. These stages, in order, are Responses
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
only 10% of potential energy of gasoline is used in powering an automobile. the remaining energy is lost as low-quality heat. this is an example of
second law of thermodynamics
if you were designing a house in the US in a cold climate and you want it to be energy efficienct. where would u place windows
south
In contrast to low-level radioactive waste, most high-level radioactive waste is currently Responses
stored at reactor sites
clean coal (carbon capture and storage)
stores CO2 underground
passive solar
the use of sunlight to heat buildings directly
Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more
thermal pollution
which country currently ranks number one in both coal reserves and and the use of coal
united states
Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they
use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground
which of the follpwing scenarios is an example of cogenertaiom
using the steam given off from a coal-fired electrical generation plant to heat nearby buildings.
In many parts of the United States, homeowners use a significant portion of their energy budget to heat their home in the winter. It has been determined that lowering a thermostat by 3°F3°F in the winter can reduce the energy costs by about 1010 percent in many homes. An individual homeowner lowers their thermostat by 33 degrees exactly halfway through the billing period. For the month that the thermostat was lowered, the heating bill was $95$95.How much money did the family save in the month in which they lowered the thermostat setting halfway through the billing period?
5.00
Which of the following is the best example of cogeneration?
A coal-fired power plant captures waste heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings.
Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?
The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.
coal
formed when dead plant matter that was on earth's surface decays into heat, and then converted into coal over millions of years
a family of four lives in a three-bedroom house and uses an average of 900kWh900kWh of electricity per month. The family cools their house for three months during the summer with two window-unit air conditioners that each use 350kWh350kWh of electricity per month. Which of the following is the percentage of the family's total annual electricity that is used to run the two air conditioners for the three summer months?
19.4%
an individual has been driving a passenger vehicle to work, averaging 60 miles a week in a car that averages 22 miles per gallon. The individual plans to purchase a hybrid vehicle that averages 50 miles per gallon. If the individual drives to work 50 weeks a year, how much gas will they save if they switch to a hybrid vehicle for their commute?
76 gallons
Which of the following best describes an advantage of burning biomass rather than burning fossil fuels in developing countries?
Biomass production is cheaper than fossil fuel extraction, making it more readily available for use.
Which of the following would be most likely to be used as a fuel source for electricity generation in the plant displayed in the diagram? Responses
Uranium-235
what would not have a sustainable energy future
decrease fuel efficiency standards for cars and appliances
One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to
decrease the use of fossil fuels
Is energy used more in developed or developing countries?
developing
Natural gas (methane)
fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure more than 80 times the warming potential obtained by fracking
During the Cretaceous period of Earth's geological history, eastern Montana was covered with lowland swamps rich in plant life. These plants were buried and slowly decomposed. Which of the following resources would most likely be mined from the plant remains buried in eastern Montana during the Cretaceous?
fossil fuels such as coal
Biogas
gas released from biological materials like rotting organic matter
Which of the following energy sources is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy?
geothermal
automobile make money by selling cars this lack of efficiency to improve energy is known as
harmful positive feed back loop
what's not an advantage of building a hydroelectric power plant
high construction cost
Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy
i and III only
Least energy efficient conversion device
incandescent lightbulb
what is not a unit of power
joule
the lowest average sustainable energy cost comes from what energy source
large hydroelectric facilities
the law of conservation of mass and energy states that matter can be created or destroyed. which society offers best long term solution
low-throughput society
unintended consequence of hydroe
more erosion versus sediment depositing downstream from the dam.
what nonrenewable resource energy sources has least environmental impact when burned
natural gas
second law of thermodynamics
when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)
source of moderate to high net energy
wind
the fastest growing renewable energy resource today is
wind