APES UNIT 8

what is the name of the diagram on the previous slide

A SAG CURVE

at which location was a pollutant released

B

what law gives the EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from cradle to grave

RCRA

which law establishes cradle to grace tracking of hazardous waste

RCRA

mesotrophic

a moderate level of productivity

what specific issues are associated with a decrease in ocean PH

acidification which is coral bleaching

what is an example on non point source pollution

agricultural and residential areas can have excess chemicals such as fertilizers, herbicides, and insects

what is BOD

biological oxygen demand, you want a low once because if its high it brings more pollution

why are pollutants so much more detrimental to apex predators

biomagnification

how is cultural eutrophication caused

by anthropogenic behavior

how do high concentrations of CO2 affect oceans

carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere whenever people burn fossil fules... as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises, the oceans absorb a lot of it and the ocean and carbon dioxide react and created carbonic acid and causes the acidity of seawater to increase

what are the ways that wastewater is disinfected

chlorine, ozone, uv light

what law mandates the restoration and maintenance of the physical and biological integrity of waters

clean water act

which law mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nations water

clean water act

what is the chemical equation that relates the reactions between oceanic co2 and h20

co2 and h20= h2co3 which is carbonic acid

how would a sewage leak affect DO in a nearby stream

decrease at the leak site

what is DO

dissolved oxygen and you want a high amount of dissolved oxygen because low are deadzones

what type of pollution is associated with a power plant discharge on a body of water

heated water

eutrophic

high nutrient levels, high plant and algae populations, low dissolved oxygen

what is biomagnification

increase in concentration of a pollutant in a food chain

what is bioaccumulation

increase in concentration of a pollutant in an organism

if logging occurs in a watershed, which is a potential threat to waterways

increased water temperature

why is tropospheric ozone a problem and how is it dangerous to health

it makes lungs more susceptible to infections tropospheric ozone causes respiratory issues ozone can constrict the muscles in our airways, this traps air in the alveoli of the lungs causing shortness of breath

how are coral reefs affect by anthropogenic threats

it promotes rapid growth of algae and other organisms that can cause smother corals

how would a sewage leak affect BOD in a nearby stream

it would decrease at the leak site

out of reducing reuse and recycle, which requires the least amount of energy and the most?

least- reduce most- recycle

what is LD50? Which is more toxic, low LD50 or high LD50

lethal dose 50% and its the amount of a substance that is lethal to 50% of a population of animals the more toxic its a low the less toxic its a high

oligotrophic

low nutrient levels, stable plant and algae populations, high dissolved oxygen

what chemical compound leads to eutrophication

nitrates

what are the negative effects of landfills? What greenhouse gas do they produce

odor, poor containment of solid waste and leachate, flammable, animal disturbances, low aesthetic value/ LEACHATE, AND METHANE

lakes that have a high clarity and low nutrients are classified as

oligotrophic

what factors can increase the spread of infectious diseases

pathogens spreading through airborne particles, skin contact, bodily fluids, contact with feces, touching surfaces that an infected person has touched, bite from a vector like a mosquito or tick

what are POPs

persistent organic pollutants they contaminate water and soil what are fat-soluble they can travel long distances that accumulate over time

what do each of the points in the SAG curve indicate

point a- healthy ecosystem point b- where a pollutant comes in and thats why DO drops point c- whatever it does to clean itself d- back to normal

what is non point source pollution

pollution that can not be tracked back to a single point or property... not from a single pipe and it may come from many sources accumulating over a wide area and eventually reaching a level that impairs water quality

What is point source pollution?

pollution that enters the environments from a single source and is clearly identified

what is a way to prevent inland costal flooding

preserving mangroves

what step in the wastewater treatment removed large solids

primary treatment- they get taken to a landfill

what are three general steps of wastewater treatment and how are they different from eachother

primary- physical process- screens and grates/ removes large objects secondary treatment- biological process- bacteria breaks down organic matter via aerobic decomposition/ products like carbon dioxide and sludge tertiary treatment- ecological/ chemical processes/ removes pollutants nitrogen/ phosphorus compounds

what is an example of nonpoint source pollution

runoff from fields

what is the primary waste disposal method in the US

sanitary landfill

what step in the wastewater management process requires aeration (oxygen) and why?

secondary treatment

what is the keeling curve

shows how carbon dioxide or CO2 is accumulating in our atmosphere

what law deals with hazardous waste sights

superfund- CERCLA

how is LD50% determined from a graph

the 50% is the threshold

what describes bioaccumulation

the absorption of a substance by an organism at a rate greater than elimination

how are marine organisms affected by the lower PH, especially those with calcium carbonate shells

the acidification can cause the shell skeletons to dissolve and then they have to spend extra energy either repairing their damaged shells or thickening them to survive

what law establishes cradle to grave tracking of hazardous waste?

the resource conservation and recovery act

what form of pollution is typically caused by the discharge of a power plant on a nearby waterway

thermal

which of the following is a supporting ecosystem service provided by wetlands

they provide habitats for lots of animals

what can we do to help prevent eutrophication

using less fertilizer, prevent excess nutrients from leaching bodies of water

what is an example of point source pollution

wastewater treatment plans, electronic or automobile manufactures, paper or pulp mills, oil refineries, concentrated animal feeding operations CAFOS, leaking underground gasoline storage tanks

what ecological supporting services do wetlands provide

water purification through filters/ flood control, increased biological activity, groundwater replenishment

what ecosystems protect costal areas from flooding

wetlands

what is cultural eutrophication and what compounds cause it

when waterways receive excess nutrients its caused by the excess nutrient nitrogen from agricultural or urban runoff but also from phosphate in detergents its also is caused by excess fertilizers from farm fields, sewage from wastewater treatment, animal manure, materials are washed by rain, melting snow and irrigation into streams ponds and lakes

what explains why pollutants can be found in organisms who live no where near humans

wind currents and circulation paths

how are local streams affected when logging occurs in a watershed

you remove the shade so it heats up the water