apes unit 9 college board practice test answers

United States residents are how many times more likely to die from breast cancer than residents of Hungary? (150/100=1.5)

1.5

Which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river?

An increased frequency of flooding of the river valley

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the following methods of solid-waste disposal and treatment (A) Sanitary landfill (B) Incineration (C) Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers (D) Chemical treatment (E) Biological treatment Which method introduces microorganisms to break down hazardous organic compounds?

Biological treatment

Which of the following best explains why DDT has been found in penguin eggs in the Antarctic?

Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region.

Which of the following would encourage recycling?

Decreasing taxes on recycled material

If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

Eutrophication

Which of the following is the best example of environmental remediation

PCB consuming bacteria is sprayed on an area that has soil contaminated with PCBs

Critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggest that it may not be the best solution for the future, for which of the following reasons?

d. Incineration contributes to air pollution.

In the United States, most municipal solid waste is disposed of by?

landfilling

Which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms?

Activated-sludge tank

Integrated waste management employs all of the following EXCEPT

using cloth diapers instead of disposable

A sustainable society would emphasize:

using quick energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following. (A) Safe Drinking Water Act (B) Clean Water Act (C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (E) Toxic Substances Control Act Establishes cradle-to-grave tracking of hazardous waste

(D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the figure below, which depicts the observed relation between dietary fat intake and rate of death from breast cancer in different countries. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

(E) There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.

Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the United States include which of the following? I. RCRA II. Clean Water Act III. Clean Air Act

I only

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the following methods of solid-waste disposal and treatment (A) Sanitary landfill (B) Incineration (C) Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers (D) Chemical treatment (E) Biological treatment Which method reduces the volume of waste but could release toxic emissions into the atmosphere?

Incineration

Rachel Carson's contributions to the environmental movement include which of the following?

Increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides

Of the following, which is the most serious immediate problem associated with sanitary landfills?

Leachate contamination of groundwater

The use of which of the following to control agricultural insect pests is most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem?

Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon

Which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes, and bays?

Phosphates

Which of the following correctly orders the methods of solid-waste management in terms of energy required?

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries?

Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following?

Saltwater intrusion

Directions: The following question(s) refer to the following methods of solid-waste disposal and treatment (A) Sanitary landfill (B) Incineration (C) Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers (D) Chemical treatment (E) Biological treatment Which method is used most frequently in the United States today?

Sanitary landfill

Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution?

Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

Of the following, which is true of noise pollution?

Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss.

Information gathered by a scientist abut the toxicity of chemical X and chemical Y showed that they had individual safe limits for fish at particular concentrations. But when they were used together at the safe concentrations, there were extensive fish kills. This is an example of

Synergism

Which method would be best suited for neutralizing the acidic components of waste?

chemical treatment

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution?

factory effluent

The presence of which of the following contaminants would be the strongest reason for judging municipal sewage sludge unfit for use as fertilizer?

heavy metals

Which of the following is a common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication?

increased levels of plant nutrients

Although ozone in the stratosphere has been decreasing in recent years, ozone near Earth's surface is on the increase. The ozone near the surface is undesirable because it

is a strong oxidant and a respiratory irritant

In the removal of a pollutant from wastewater, which of the following is true of the cost per unit of pollutant removed?

it increases as the concentration of the pollutant decreases

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

loss of recharge area

Is a flammable gas produced by landfills

methane

A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act in 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. This trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as

mitigation

Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients are classified as

oligotrophic

Which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant?

ozone

In the United States, the largest single component of municipal solid waste is

paper

An advantage of recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills is that aluminum can be?

produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore

Of the following strategies to decrease the landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products, the most energy efficient is

promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods

According to the information in the graph above, which of the following would most effectively slow the loss of arable land?

reducing urban development

Most municipal solid waste in the United States is disposed of in

sanitary landfills