apes water pollution

the main problem of grounwater pollution

"out of sight, out of mind"

what are the "pros" of thermal polution

"thermal enrichment" (sarcasm)

how many of 26000 toxic waste ponds/lagoons leak into aquifers

1/3

what is the acceptable level os arsenic

10 ppb

how much toxic waste is injected into deep wells

2/3

what are the acceptabl levels e. coli for swimming

200 colonies per 1000 ml

global water policy project

80-90% of raw sewage is dumped directly into water bodies in developing countries and it is the same water used for bathing, drinking, and washing

in 2006 how many aquifers were polluted or exploited in china

9/10

what percent of US fresh water do the great lakes contain

95%

proof of the success of the laws of the 1970's

Cuyahoga river in ohio, thames (britain river)

MTBE problem

MTBE are common reduction oxygenates added to gasoline. issues of health concerns and growndwater contamination from leaking tanks have caused states to request the phashing out of MTBE

how are the effects of lake pollution more widespread

a hawk can eat a fish

why is there a high health risk in groundwater pollution

a lot of people rely on groundwater for drinking water

what is a BOD measure

a measure of how much waste was present by measuring how much oxygen was used in an amount of time

causes of water pollution

agriculture, industrial facilities, mining

2007 great lakes report

air pollution deposits mercury, toxic chemicals-> 25% fish are not edible, EPA funding has dropped 80% since 1972, flame retardant chemicals, drugs, and personal care products are present, wetland loss and degradation (habitat shrinking for birds/fish), native species declining, fish pop. slowly declining

how are inorganic plant nutrients good for algae, but bad overall

algae will take in the nitrates, but once the nitrates are gone the algae will die. decomposers will then break down the dead algae which depletes the DO

effects of eutrophication

algal bloom

biomagnification

amount in an individual organism increases. Ex: 1 algae absorbs 1 unit of radioactive isotope. a minno eats 12 algae and how has 12 unites of the isotope

pathogen

anything caused by some sort of bacteria

water pollution

anything put in water that threatens life

thermal pollution

anything that gets into a water body and raises the temperature

what needs to be done to help the great lakes

ban chlorine use, incinerators, all discharges, rebuild infrastructure, restore wetlands, cleanup contaminated areas

why is water typically tested for e. coli

because there is e. coli in the water, animal/human waste is present

if a stream is overloaded what happens to the natural recovery

becomes impossible and the pollutants are slowly degradable or not degradable at all

what are water soluble radioactive isotopes linked to

birth defects, cancer

why is it bad to have a high level of tubidity

blocks sunlight, particles stick to fish gills and then they cant get oxygen

bioaccumulation

builds up in organisms

how did the pollution control program help the great lakes

built more and upgraded sewage plants, better treatment/limits on industrial wastes, phosphate ban for detergants

incinerators

burn trash which creates air pollution that ends up in the great lakes

what does arsenic lead to

cancers

why are developing nations still having trouble reducing stream pollution

cant afford

chemical analysys

chemical test kits that help to detect water pollution

what problems remain in the great lakes

combined stormwater and waste water treatment systems, pesticide and fertilizer runoff increased, biologic/genetic pollution

how are most people exposed to disease causing agents/pathogens

contaminated drinking water

how do these wasted demand oxygen

decomposers break down the wastes by using aerobic respiration which requires oxygen

the improvements of the great lakes

decreased algal blooms and increased DO, better fish catches in lake erie, beaches reopened

what happens when oxygen demanding wastes degrade

depletes DO

why is it bad to raise the temperature of water

depletes DO because colder water holds more gas

recovery from oxygen demanding wastes is naturally possible due to what

dilution and bacterial decay

water pollutant class that contains things like e coli or crypto & garidia

disease causing agents/pathogens

clean up of cultural eutrophication

dredge the bottom sediment, remove excess weeds, aerate lakes- gives oxygen to decomposers

what is water typically tested for

e. coli

natural causes of eutrophication

erosion

what is a major source of SPMs

erosion

cultural causes of eutrophication

fertilizer runoff

what are the cons to thermal pollution

fish get stuck in intake screens, lowers DO because water holds more dissolved gas at cooler temps, spawning effect (have to spawn at a later time and the eggs cant survive), thermal shock

bioassay

form of water pollution detection that involves looking at life forms. indicator species & their biotic index

computer models

form of water pollution detection, simulates the effect of a pollutant on water quality

if pathogens are in a water body, where does it come from

human or animal waste

cultural eutrophication

humans adding overload of nutrients into a water body

prevention of cultural eutrophication

improved sewage treatment, phosphate bans, erosion control- plant life

what effect do spms have on water

increases turbidity

what is still a problem in developed countries as well as developing

industry discharge

genetic pollution

introduction of non-native species

why are developed countries encouraged to withdraw drinking water from own city, downstream

it forces cities to reduce pollution for better water quality

what bullshit excuses do people say to make up for thermal pollution

it makes the fishing season later because water won't get cold, can pump beneath roads to prevent ice

what do water soluble inorganic chemicals do

kill fish & bioaccumulate

stratification

lakes cannot recover quickly because of the layers

how does global warming contribut to water pollution

makes the temperatures warmer- no flushing and creates drought

why is prevention always better than cleanup

more cost efficient in the long run, if you dont have to clean it up the problem isnt there in the first place

what types of things would be found in the water pollutant class, inorganic plant nutrients

nitrates and phosphates

why are lakes more vulnerable to eutrophication

no flow

what does it mean that groundwater cannot cleanse itself

no further percolation or natural filtering because it is already at the lowest point, there is slow flow, few bacteria, and has too low DO for decomposition.. cold slows decomposition

stagnation

not flowing, sitting still- reason why lakes cannot recover

what are the acceptable drinking levels of water with e. coli

o colonies per 1000 ml

what types of things can be found in the water pollutant class organic chemicals

oils, detergents, pesticides

what types of things are found in the water pollutant class, oxygen demanding wastes

organic wastes such as human or animal sewage

2007 chinese report

over half the population had no sewage treatment and 300 million had no access to drinkable water

purdue 2007 study

parking lots are a major nonpoint source of grease, toxic metals, sediments that collect on surface

what is the greatest threat to the great lakes

pesticide and fertilizer runoff

what specific native species is declining in the great lakes

plankton

how are class I species in relation to pollution

pollution sensitive

how are class III species in relation to pollution

pollution tolerant

what is the primary source of thermal pollution

power plant

2 largest drugs found in water bodies

prosaic and viagra, come out in pee

permeable concrete

rainwater goes through to soil, doesn't reduce pollution but helps flooding

ganges river

river in india that had no to little sewage treatment due to religious practices (cremation)

causes of cultural eutrophication

runoff and dumping

why type of things would be found in the water pollutant class, soluble inorganic chemicals

salts, acids, rock salt runoff

what has been done to help the great lakes?

since 1972, US and Canada spent 20 billion on pollution control program

why is the percent of polluted groundwater higher in new jersey

sits on a big aquifer

what are lake pollution problems

stagnation and stratifcation, widespread effects, biomagnification, eutrophication

SPMs

suspended particulate matter

what happened in chile when the northern area had high levels of arsenic in water

the cancer rate went up

what happens when sewage plants overflow

the industry discharges. sewage plants have pipes that go into the ocean and rather than having the pipes overflow plants pump raw sewage into the ocean

what happens as groundwater flows

the plume widens

what is an example of genetic pollution

the zebra muscle

why isnt dilution a potential fix to lake pollution problems

there is now flow

what happened to the great lakes in 1960s

there was severe cultural eutrophication, toxic wastes, and fish kills

how are nitrates and nitrites from fertilizer harmful

they are leached into groundwater from fertilizer, converted into cancer causing agents, related to blue baby syndrome

why are great lakes vulnerable to pollution

they are surrounded by towns and farms, also have low flow out, takes 100 years

how are the laws of the 1970's good news

they improved the number and quality of wastewater treatment plants and reduced industry discharges

what is the primary method of introduction of non-native species in aquatic water bodies

through cargo and shipping industry

sources that pollute groundwater

underground tanks (main), landfill seepage, hazardous waste dumps, toxic chemical and livestock waste lagoons

how to reduce thermal pollution

use less- waste less energy, how water discharge controls(temp regulations), discharge in less impacted areas, cooling towers, cooling basins

what do oxygen sag curves depend on

velocity, flow rate, temperature, pH, volume of waste

how does arsenic get into water

when a well is drilled through soil/rock naturally rich in arsenic, naturally into rivers from arsenic rich springs, mining and ore processing

when are radioactive isotopes considered water pollution

when something causes the radioactive isotopes to enter water

can polluted groundwater be cleaned up

yes