APHG Chapter 8 Key Issue 1 Review

Define Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control over its internal affairs by other states

Who are the five permanent members of the Security Council?

China, France, Russia, U.K., U.S.

When was the UN established with how many members?

1945 51

How many microstates are recognized?

24

Describe Korea and whether it's one or two states

Korea was once a colony of Japan. It was divided by the U.S. and Soviet Union after they defeated Japan in WW2. In the 1940' these divisions became permanent and new governments were established. In 1992 they were admitted into the U.N. as separate countries.

What happened after World War 1?

Leaders of the victorious countries met to redraw Europe. Language was the most important criteria. During the 1930s the Nazis claimed all German speakers should be one country but after they were defeated it split in two.

List 3 microstates and where they are on the map

Maldives- Island in the Indian Ocean, Monaco- On France's Mediterranean coastline, Vatican City- the perforatee of Italy

Describe the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara) and whether or not it is its own sovereign state

Most consider it its own sovereign state except for Morocco who built a wall around it to keep out rebels. Spain controlled the territory between Morocco and Mauritania until withdrawing in 1976. An independent Sahrawi Republic was declared but Mauritania and Morocco annexed the north and south portions. Three years later Mauritania withdrew and Morocco claimed it all.

Describe China and Taiwan and whether it's one or two states

Most other countries consider two separate states except for China. In the late 1940's a civil war started between the Nationalists and Communists. After the Nationalists lost in 1949 they fled to Taiwan, still claiming they were the leaders of China. In 1999 Taiwan's president considered itself a sovereign state. They was still confusion of who ruled China in the 50s and 60s until 1971 when the U.N. transferred China's seat from Nationalists to Communists.

Summarize Medieval States

Political unity reached its height with the establishment of the Roman Empire. At one time it had 38 provinces all with the same laws and surrounded by walls. The Roman Empire collasped in the fifth century due to attacks by people living on its frontiers and internal disputes. The European part was split into estates run by kings, dukes, barons, etc. Neighbouring empires came together to form the basis of modern European states like England, France, and Spain.

List the 6 largest states in order

Russia, Canada, U.S., China, Brazil, Australia

Summarize Ancient States

The beginning of states can be traced back to the ancient Middle East, known as the Fertile Crescent. The eastern end, Mesopotamia, was centered in present day Iraq. The first states in Mesopotamia were city-states. Walls surrounded the city and outside were farms to produce food for urban residents and provide defense against attacks by other city-states. Mesopotamia was organized into a succession of empires by the Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians.

Define Self-Determination

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

What do many microstates have in common?

They are islands

Who established the UN?

Victorious Allies

Define State

an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control its internal and foreign affairs