APHG Final Exam

The map above represents what kind of projection?(90 degree longitude and latitude lines) A) A Mercator projection with distorted land areas B) A planar projection with diverging lines at the poles C) A homolosine projection with continuity of landmasses D) A Robinson projection with distortions at the equator E) A gnomonic projection with distortions of bodies of water

A) A Mercator projection with distorted land areas

In the early twenty-first century, the largest number of refugees is located on which of the following continents? A) Africa B) Australia C) Europe D) North America E) South America

A) Africa

Which factor is most responsible for the increase in Japan's dependency ratio? A) An increase in life expectancy B) An increase in the death rate C) An increase in the rate of natural increase D) A decrease in the doubling time E) An increase in the total fertility rate

A) An increase in life expectancy

The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map? A) Arithmetic density B) Physiological density C) Agricultural density D)Urban density E) Suburban density

A) Arithmetic density

The map shown above best fits which of the following map types? (west Virginia counties population shown by shading) A) Choropleth B) Cartogram C) Proportional symbol D) Dot symbol E) Isoline

A) Choropleth

1950 1990 2015 2035 City A: 12.8 million 16.1 million 18.6 million 20.8 million City B: 2.3 million 14.8 million 20.9 million 24.5 million Which of the following explains the pattern of growth in City B relative to City A ? A) City B is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. B) City A is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City B is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration. C) City B is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. D) City A is located in a less developed country and has a well-developed transportation system, whereas City B is located in a more developed country and has a limited transportation system. E) City B is located in a more developed country and has a high number of urban amenities, whereas City A is located in a less developed country and has a limited number of urban amenities.

A) City B is located in a less developed country and has high rates of rural-to-urban migration, whereas City A is located in a more developed country and has low rates of rural-to-urban migration.

Which of the following countries is the primary destination for guest workers from the Maghreb region of northern Africa? A) France B) Germany C) Italy D) Spain E) United Kingdom

A) France

Which term best describes the majority of voluntary migrants from South Asia to the Persian Gulf countries of Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait during the 1990s and 2000s? A) Guest workers B) Refugees C) Rural-to-urban migrants D) Internally displaced persons E) Asylum seekers

A) Guest workers

Map with lake with population density over 1,000 around the lake area and population is sparser outside of lake area Which of the following best identifies the data for the Eastern Great Rift Valley, shown on the map? A) high arithmetic density B) Low arithmetic density C) Low carrying capacity D) High total fertility rate E) Low total fertility rate

A) High arithmetic density

Physiological population density is viewed as a superior measure of population density for which of the following reasons? A) It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land. B) It yields the average population density. C) It is more reflective of the world's largest population concentrations. D) It measures the average by dividing total land area by total number of people. E) It best reflects the percentage of a country's population that is urbanized.

A) It is more reflective of population pressure on arable land.

Which of the following characteristics is currently shared by Switzerland, Canada, and New Zealand? A) Low population-growth rates B) Primate urban systems C) High infant-mortality rates D) Membership in the European Union (EU) E) More than ten percent of the population involved in sheep farming

A) Low population-growth rates

Which of the following best explains why, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Thomas Malthus proposed his population theory? A) Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself. B) Malthus theorized that the ability of a population to feed itself would increase with the expansion of the population; more people would mean greater knowledge invested in expanding food production. C) Malthus theorized that reductions of infant mortality would eventually result in slower population growth rates. D) Malthus theorized that agricultural developments in the mid-to-late eighteenth century would result in a significant expansion of food production, therefore alleviating the threat of overpopulation. E) Malthus theorized the only way to prevent overpopulation would be to create policies that would limit the number of children a family could have.

A) Malthus theorized that, if left unchecked by regular cycles of famine and misery, population would increase beyond the ability to feed itself.

Area Births Deaths Female/male life expectancies World 19 7 74/70 years African Con.: 35 9 64/61 years North Africa: 26 6 74/71 years Sub-Sahara Africa: 37 9 62/59 years Which of the following best explains the significant difference in North Africa's demographic data from the rest of the African continent and North Africa's closer similarity to global demographic data? A) North African improvements in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time. B) North African declines in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time. C) North African investment in transportation and energy sectors has reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time. D) Foreign investment in North Africa's transportation and energy sectors has resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time. E) North African business losses in transportation and energy sectors have resulted in higher birth rates but have not affected death rates or life expectancies over time.

A) North African improvements in nutrition, health care, and sanitation have reduced birth and death rates as well as improved life expectancies over time.

45-49 at past 60; 35-39 at past 60 Based on the population pyramid above, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning in 2029? A) Providing for the needs of its aging population B) Finding enough teachers to educate the young C) Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort D) Providing prenatal medical care E) Controlling population growth

A) Providing for the needs of its aging population

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide? A) Rural to urban B) Urban to suburban C) Inland to coastal D) Highland to lowland E) Urban to rural

A) Rural to Urban

A political polling company wants to use census data to collect information on voters in a city by neighborhood. Based on the types of information collected in the survey form, which of the following could be mapped using census data? (census form asking about age, gender, race, who is in your household) A) The number of voting-age residents per household B) The political party affiliation of the average resident C) How residents voted in the last election D) How voters might vote in the next national election E) How voters stand on current issues

A) The number of voting-age residents per household

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator projection? A) The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated. B) The size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted. C) Countries near the Equator appear 50 percent larger than countries in the middle latitudes. D) The projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses. E) Distances on the Mercator projection are real and accurate.

A) The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated.

Which of the following is a limitation of the map of Hispanic population percentage? A) The small size of urban counties in the eastern United States masks the significance of the Hispanic population in most eastern cities. B) Larger county sizes in the western United States mask the significance of the Hispanic population in most western counties. C) States with the largest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states. D) States with the smallest total populations mask the significance of the Hispanic population in those states. E) The pattern shown is not different than the pattern of early Hispanic settlement during the era of colonization.

A) The small size of urban counties in the eastern United States masks the significance of the Hispanic population in most eastern cities.

In 1798 Thomas Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially while food supplies grew arithmetically. Consequently, Malthus argued that food shortages would develop until famine and other checks slowed population growth. What statement correctly explains why Malthus' prediction did not come true in 1800s Europe? A) Urbanization resulted in smaller household sizes, and the mechanization of agriculture increased food production. B) Immigration to Europe and the abolition of slavery resulted in a more productive agricultural labor force. C) Rising education levels among women and increased numbers of single-person households reduced fertility and the demand for food. D) Antinatalist population policies placed limits on the number of children per family and reduced the demand for food. E) Global trade in manufactured food products increased the food supply and offset the demand for food.

A) Urbanization resulted in smaller household sizes, and the mechanization of agriculture increased food production.

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because A) a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion B) parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe C) the grid system is two-dimensional, while the real world is three-dimensional D) Earth is not a perfect sphere E) latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

A) a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

The term that describes the concept that population will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline is known as A) demographic momentum B) demographic transition C) rate of natural increase D) the population pyramid E) the homeostatic plateau

A) demographic momentum

The increasing percentage of urban dwellers in more-developed countries is best explained by A) greater access to job opportunities, resources, and facilities B) a critical need for workers in the primary economic sector C) an abundance of arable land for agricultural use D) a desire for more living space and a slower lifestyle E) inadequate health care and few educational resources

A) greater access to job opportunities, resources, and facilities

One would expect to find a population with a relatively young age structure in A) less developed countries B) highly developed countries C) countries with a low death rate D) countries with a low fertility rate E) countries with a high standard of living

A) less developed countries

Which of the following country demographics would be used to explain the need for the pronatalist policies shown? A) A country with a birth rate of 4343, a death rate of 1212, and a rate of natural increase of 3.13.1, passes a law that requires paid maternity leave B) A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents C) A country with a birth rate of 1616, a death rate of 44, and a rate of natural increase of 1.21.2, establishes long maternity leave periods from work D) A country with a birth rate of 1212, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 0.20.2, requires full-day kindergarten. E) A country with a birth rate of 2020, a death rate of 1010, and a rate of natural increase of 1.01.0 , provides state-subsidized day care centers.

B) A country with a birth rate of 1111, a death rate of 1313, and a rate of natural increase of −0.2−0.2 , legislates tax credits for working parents

Total population slowly decreasing, along with population under 16 decreasing. Population over 65 is slowly, very slowly, rising; What changes could local governments, businesses, and corporations make to reverse Japan's national birth patterns? A) Decreasing transportation costs to allow workers to commute from locations farther outside of densely populated urban centers B) Adding low-cost or zero-cost infant day care and preschool centers to allow mothers to return to the workforce C) Reducing the time off allowed for maternity leave and incentivizing working mothers to return to the workforce D) Enforcing a two-child policy for all families, requiring a minimum of two children per family to become eligible to receive school services and work benefits E) Increasing access to family planning clinics and making doctor's office visits free for women patients

B) Adding low-cost or zero-cost infant day care and preschool centers to allow mothers to return to the workforce

Chart that shows Asia has 5.25 billion people in the population in 2050 with a stead climb up. Africa has 2.59 billion in 2050 but a sharper slope up. Based on the graph, predicted population growth in which of the following regions is explained by a high total fertility rate? A) Asian B) Africa C) Latin America and Caribbean D) Europe E) United States and Canada

B) Africa

Since the 1970s changes in the social roles, lifestyles, and employment patterns of women in Europe, Canada, and the United States have affected the overall population through which of the following? A) Increased total fertility rates B) Decreased total fertility rates C) increased death rates rates D) Decreased death rates E) Increased infant mortality rates

B) Decreased total fertility rates

Which of the following describes the most likely cause of death for a citizen of a country in stages 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model? A) Infectious diseases due to poor sanitation B) Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle C) Starvation due to an unstable food supply D) Infectious diseases due to a lack of vaccines and antibiotics E) Reemergence of previously eradicated diseases

B) Degenerative diseases due to old age and lifestyle

Which of the following statements best describes how the epidemiologic transition affects the demographic transition? A) The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 1 of the demographic transition, causing a fluctuation in birth and death rates. B) Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage 2 of the demographic transition. C) Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause birth rates to fall in stage 3 of the demographic transition. D) The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 4 of the demographic transition, causing a slowing of the rate of natural increase. E) The epidemiologic transition occurs in stage 5 of the demographic transition as famines and wars cause a total population decline.

B) Improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and health care cause death rates to fall in stage 2 of the demographic transition.

Which of the following types of migration are correctly explained by the example given? A) International migration and forced migration: Family A from Beijing moves to Minneapolis so that the parents can attend graduate school. B) International migration and voluntary migration: Family A from Mumbai has convinced their close friends Family B to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business. C) Internal migration and forced migration: Couple A from Berlin has convinced their close friends Couple B to move to Greece and live in the same retirement community D) Internal migration and voluntary migration: Family A from Baghdad are resettled by the United States for political asylum in Detroit. E) Internally displaced persons and forced migration: Couple A from rural Brazil move to São Paulo to find better job opportunities.

B) International migration and voluntary migration: Family A from Mumbai has convinced their close friends Family B to emigrate to London as they did in order help start up their business

Latitude and longitude may be used to determine which of the following characteristics of a place? A) Its site features B) Its absolute location C) Its relative location D) Its situation E) Its elevation

B) Its absolute location

Which of the following types of countries are most likely challenged with the problems associated with a large youth-dependent population, such as providing public primary education for all children? A) More developed countries B) Less developed countries C) Free market countries D) Landlocked countries E) Island countries

B) Less developed countries

Which of the following regions had the smallest percentage of people living in urban areas at the end of the twentieth century? A) Australia B) South Asia C) North America D) Europe E) South America

B) South Asia

Which of the following explains why a country with a high physiological density (e.g., Japan, Egypt, or the Netherlands) risks exceeding its carrying capacity? A) The population is clustered in key areas, so rural populations will not have easy access to public services such as schools and hospitals. B) The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation. C) The population is evenly dispersed throughout the country, so it is difficult to maintain infrastructure such as roads and telecommunication networks for the entire country. D) There is a large number of people per unit of total land area, so there is no available land for farmers to raise crops and other food products. E) The amount of farmers per unit of land area in these countries is too low to be able to support their populations.

B) The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation.

Which of the following is most likely to be used by a marketing firm seeking to map patterns of lifestyle characteristics in the United States? A) States B) Zip codes C) Nonmetropolitan areas D) Congressional districts E) Counties

B) Zip codes

A straight line on a navigation map using the Mercator projection represents A) the shortest distance between two points B) a line of constant compass bearing C) the distance from the prime meridian D) the distance to the international date line E) travel time between an origin and a destination

B) a line of constant compass bearing

The ability of a resource base to sustain a population is known as its A) Support ration B) carrying capacity C) subsistence limit D) basic employment E) population pressure

B) carrying capacity

The nineteenth-century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, Minnesota, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of A) brain drain B) Chain migration C) net migration D) internal migration E) counterurbanization

B) chain migration

In the model shown, the lines for birth rate, death rate, and total population are indicators of a country's A) cycles of economic boom and bust over time B) level of social and economic development over time C) demographic change following a period of warfare D) demographic change following a period of famine E) demographic change following a period of totalitarian government

B) level of social and economic development over time

The early United States population was predominantly Protestant. In the nineteenth century, urban populations became increasingly Roman Catholic, especially in the cities of the Northeastern United States. This shift in the pattern of religion was caused by A) internal rural-to-urban migration from farming areas of the eastern United States B) transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy C) transnational migration from Latin America and the Caribbean D) religious conversion of urban residents E) out-migration of Protestants to rural farming areas of the Midwestern United States

B) transnational migration from Ireland, southern Germany, and Italy

Since 2000 the global pattern of international migration has resulted in most migrants seeking destinations that are best described as A) rural agricultural regions B) urban and suburban areas C) less developed countries D) protected environmental zones E) tourism and pilgrimage sites

B) urban and suburban areas

Which population pyramid shown above best represents a town with a military base? A) A, even pyramid with lower older age pop. and even young and normal B) B, Hour glass shape but higher than babies C) C, Large male population in 20-40 and a little bit higher girl population in that age group D) Veryyyy large 20 year old age cohort for male and females E) E, Large old population

C

Assuming a world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent, how many people will be added to the world's population in the next year? A) 912,000 B) 9,120,000 C) 91,200,000 D) 912,000,000 E) 9,120,000,000

C) 91,200,000

There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration? A) A large rural-to-urban population shift within Syria B) A continuing rise in employment for asylum seekers in the European Union C) A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria D) The tightening of asylum policies by the European Union E) The tightening of guest-worker policies by the European Union

C) A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria

In which of the following contexts could a neo-Malthusian perspective most successfully explain population characteristics? A) A country experiencing population decline, where birth rates are low B) A country with a low rate of natural population increase, where a small percentage of citizens work in agriculture C) A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk D) A country experiencing significant out-migration, where economic conditions lead many job seekers to move to other countries E) A country recovering from an environmental disaster, where infrastructure must be rebuilt

C) A country with a high rate of natural population increase, where food supplies are at risk

In many less developed countries, only a small percentage of school-aged youth attend school regularly. In some cases, fewer females than males are enrolled in schools. Which of the following patterns is a concern in less developed countries with low school enrollment? A) A lack of jobs for older males because of the high number of qualified females B) A large number of females working in factories because most males work in agriculture C) A lack of qualified males and females to develop a workforce that will improve economic growth D) A migration comprised entirely of working-age females to other countries for better-paying jobs E) A migration of males and females to other countries to pursue post-secondary education

C) A lack of qualified males and females to develop a workforce that will improve economic growth

Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China's antinatalist one-child policy? A) A dramatic reduction of the birth rate and a decline of the rate of natural increase rate, resulting in lower population growth. B) Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population. C) A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people. D) Decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity. E) A decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competitiveness.

C) A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.

Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population? A) As a country's population ages, the life expectancy for the younger population of the country decreases and healthcare costs decline. B) As a country's population ages, the infant mortality rate decreases and there is an increased need for daycare centers. C) As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population. D) As the proportion of older people in the country increases, the sex ratio becomes disproportionally skewed toward males. E) As the proportion of older people increases, the total population decreases because older people do not have children.

C) As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.

Which of the following countries is best described as being at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? A) China: birth rate = 13, death rate =7 B) Democratic Republic of the Congo: birth rate = 44, death rate = 10 C) Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7 D) Ivory Coast: birth rate = 37, death rate = 13 E) Hungary: birth rate = 10, death rate = 13

C) Bolivia: birth rate = 24 , death rate = 7

Which statement best describes population growth patterns in the world today? A) In the world as a whole, women have an average of five or more children, leading to Malthusian crises. B) Fertility rates in low- and middle-income countries worldwide are higher now than 25 years ago. C) In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years. D) In sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Pacific, fertility rates have doubled in the last 25 years. E) Fertility rates in most high-income countries have risen in the last 25 years.

C) In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years.

Which of the following statements about the Robinson projection is correct? A) It is more useful for long-distance navigation than the Mercator projection. B) It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection. C) It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes. D) It is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator projection. E) It is better for estimating territorial waters in lower latitudes than the Mercator projection.

C) It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes.

In which of the following pairs do both countries exhibit zero or negative population growth rates? A) Pakistan and China B) India and Germany C) Japan and Germany D) China and India E) India and Japan

C) Japan and Germany

Total population slowly decreasing, along with population under 16 decreasing. Population over 65 is slowly, very slowly, rising; Which of the following best explains a possible limitation of the trends assumed from the population pyramid and estimates in the data table? A) A period of war followed by a baby boom, similar to that of the 1940s and 1950s, is likely to occur within a generation, increasing the youth-aged cohorts. B) Modernization of health-care systems may result in improvements in women's health and pregnancy and result in more children being born, increasing the youth-aged cohorts. C) Labor shortages may cause the government to reduce the legal barriers to immigration, and immigrant populations could increase the working-age cohorts. D) Decreasing populations may cause an economic decline, prompting many citizens to emigrate to other more developed countries and decreasing the working-age cohorts. E) Production efficiencies gained from computerization and robotization of manufacturing may free parents from long work hours and result in more time to have additional children, increasing the youth-aged cohorts.

C) Labor shortages may cause the government to reduce the legal barriers to immigration, and immigrant populations could increase the working-age cohorts.

Country A is a more developed country with a low birth rate, a low total fertility rate, a high life expectancy, and a high percentage of urban population. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur in Country A? A) Guest workers from less developed countries are needed to fill the labor shortages in urban areas. B) Falling birth rates and declining youth populations result in an increase in school construction in urban areas. C) Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases. D) Provincial and national politicians must tailor their political campaigns to appeal to rural voters. E) Suburban house construction declines as elderly populations downsize and seek to be closer to urban amenities.

C) Pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases.

Which of the following best describes a country with a rate of natural increase of 0.4 ? A) Negative population growth B) Low life expectancy C) Slow population growth D) Increasing fertility rates E) Decreasing percent elderly population

C) Slow population growth

Map of Brazil with a lot of dots on the east coast and also a big dot. Sparse dots on the west side of the country. Dots represent population of the cities Which of the following best explains a likely effect of Brazil's population distribution? A) More uniform economic growth throughout the entire country as urban areas expand westward B) Increased cultural unity as more people live in close proximity to one another in eastern Brazil C) Uneven economic development as eastern Brazil experiences more growth than the sparsely inhabited western regions D) The expansion of available farmland as people move to the cities, allowing more rural land to be farmed E) More efficient political administration and improved governance as the population becomes more clustered

C) Uneven economic development as eastern Brazil experiences more growth than the sparsely inhabited western regions

Which of the following is a distinctive aspect of population policy emphasized for the first time by the international community in the 1990's? A) One-child policy B) Economic development C) Women's empowerment D) Green revolution E) Cultural homogeneity

C) Women's empowerment

A: western part of US; B: Africa, Egypt area; C: India; D: Japan; E: Australia On the map above, which one of the following boxes is in an area where the population density is high and the level of economic development is low? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

C) c

It can be inferred from global patterns of population growth that the country most likely to be in West Africa is A) country 1 B) country 2 C) country 3 D) country 4 E) country 5

C) country 3

Physiological population density differs from crude population density in that physiological density A) examines only the population of cities, while crude density includes the population of cities and rural areas B) is a measure of how density is perceived, while crude density is a measure of specific density C) explains density in terms of people per arable square land unit, while crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit D) explains the density of a single housing unit while crude density explains the density of a group of houses E) is the number of people per housing unit, while crude density is the number of people per square mile

C) explains density in terms of people per arable square land unit, while crude density explains density in terms of people per total square land unit

many lines coming from outside countries into about three countries The flow lines on the map above most likely represent the movement of A) tourists B) refugees C) guest workers D) illegal drugs E) petroleum

C) guest workers

Which population pyramid shown above best represents a college town? A) A, even pyramid with lower older age pop. and even young and normal B) B, Hour glass shape but higher than babies C) C, Large male population in 20-40 and a little bit higher girl population in that age group D) D, Veryyyy large 20 year old age cohort for male and females E) E, Large old population

D

The images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why these printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth's surface? A) Some maps do not show the actual coloration of Earth's surface and vegetation. B) GIS can only display two-dimensional layers. C) The planet's gravitational poles are not located at the poles of Earth's axis. D) The three dimensions of Earth's surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page. E) Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location.

D The three dimensions of Earth's surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page.

Which of the following is most characteristic of societies currently in the last stage of demographic transition? A) Hyperinflation B) Unemployment C) Youth dependency D) Aging population E) Overpopulation

D) Aging population

Which of the following explains a significant positive impact that the immigration of large populations of Chinese people had on places like Vancouver and Los Angeles? A) The increase of large populations of Chinese people established Cantonese as the lingua franca, allowing immigrants and local people to communicate. B) The assimilation of Chinese immigrants created stability in their new city neighborhoods, giving the immigrants political power. C) Most Chinese immigrants converted to the dominant religions of their new cities, prompting the construction of many new churches. D) Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion. E) Chinese neighborhoods were established on the outskirts of these cities as agricultural trade centers, introducing Asian crops to North America

D) Chinese immigrants established businesses and religious centers that provided their new cities with greater access to elements of Chinese culture such as arts, cuisine, and religion.

Which of the following describes a characteristic of a country moving from stage 2 to stage 3 of the demographic transition model? A) Shorter life expectancy B) Increasing birth rate C) High level of female education D) Declining death rate E) Increasing dependence on farm labor

D) Declining death rate

Country Birth Rate Death Rate France 12 9 Mexico 20 5 India 21 7 Egypt 30 7 Nigeria 39 13 The data in the table can be used to describe a high level of female empowerment for which of the following countries? A) Mexico B) India C) Nigeria D) France E) Egypt

D) France

Which of the following explains the major effect of migration flow to Southwest Asia from other regions in Asia? A) Students migrate to attend school in the region, increasing the technology labor force. B) Women and children migrate to reunify with male relatives living in the region, forming permanent urban settlements. C) People with chronic illnesses travel as medical tourists to obtain medical care, growing the health care industry. D) Guest workers migrate to the region for jobs in construction and the oil fields, increasing the volume of exports from the region. E) Older adults migrate to areas with warmer climates after retiring from their jobs, growing the service industry.

D) Guest workers migrate to the region for jobs in construction and the oil fields, increasing the volume of exports from the region.

A country in the first stage of the demographic transition demonstrates which of the following? A) An old population age structure B) High birth rates, but low death rates C) Low birth rates, low death rates, and low rates of population growth D) High birth rates, high death rates, and low rates of population growth E) High birth rates, high death rates, and high rates of population growth

D) High birth rates, high death rates, and low rates of population growth

Country Birth Rates Death Rates France 12 9 Russia 13 13 Brazil 13 6 China 13 7 Mexico 20 5 India 21 7 Egypt 30 7 Nigeria 39 13 Based on the data provided, which of the following best describes how changing roles for women influence patterns of social values? A) Similar birth rates shown in the table for France, Russia, Brazil, and China indicate that women in these countries have access to similar levels of education. B) High death rates shown in the table for Nigeria and Russia reveal a similar lack of women's rights and access to health care in these countries. C) Women living in France choose to have less children but die at higher rates than in Egypt due to greater pollution in industrialized countries such as France. D) Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women. E) All women in developing countries have higher fertility rates due to the lack of medical care and political rights.

D) Higher birth rates in African countries suggest that women in African countries have less access to education and employment than European women.

Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in a less developed country, resulting in an aging population in that country? A) An increase in the country's birth rate B) Rural-to-urban migration within the country C) Improvements in transportation and communication networks D) Improvements in access to health care and sanitation E) A decrease in the country's total fertility rate

D) Improvements in access to health care and sanitation

In the century after the arrival of Europeans, which of the following changes occurred to the indigenous population of the Americas? A) It increased dramatically because of new trade routes and industries B) It increased slowly with the introduction of new crops C) It remained about the same, since very few Europeans actually moved there D) It decreased dramatically with the introduction of new diseases E) It decreased slowly due to increased competition for land

D) It decreased dramatically with the introduction of new diseases

A country at the end of the demographic transition usually has which of the following? A) High birth and low death rates B) A high infant mortality rate C) A high crude birth rate D) Low birth and death rates E) High population density

D) Low birth and death rates

Map of Brazil with a lot of dots on the east coast and also a big dot. Sparse dots on the west side of the country. Dots represent population of the cities. Which of the following describes information a geographer could identify from the map of urban populations in Brazil? A) Urban areas with rapid population growth B) Distribution of high and low incomes C) Areas with negative population growth D) Patterns of arithmetic density within specific regions E) Urban areas most at risk for overpopulation

D) Patterns of arithmetic density within specific regions

A refugee enters the European Union in Italy and is temporarily housed in Germany. He is then granted asylum and is permanently settled in Sweden. Which of the following describes this type of migration that is facilitated by the European Union's open border policies? A) Chain migration within the refugee's family and social network B) Guest worker migration based upon the free movement of labor C) As an internally displaced person within a single state D) Step migration across member states to a final destination E) As a rural-to-urban migrant seeking employment opportunities

D) Step migration across member states to a final destination

Which of the following describes the spatial pattern shown in the map of total fertility rates? A) The highest total fertility rates are shown in Latin America, North Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. B) The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Latin America, North Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. C) The lowest total fertility rates are shown in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East. D) The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada. E) The highest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada.

D) The lowest total fertility rates are shown in Europe, Russia, East Asia, Australia, and Canada.

Which of the following describes a pull factor affecting migration to some of the more developed countries? A) Loss of factory jobs B) Severe famine C) The rise of an authoritarian regime D) Universal health care E) Religious persecution

D) Universal health care

In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT A) immigration from Latin America B) high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West C) cheap land and labor D) climatic changes leading to colder northern winters E) the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers

D) climatic changes leading to colder northern winters

Even though total fertility rates have been declining in some less-developed countries, the total population has continued to grow. This is primarily because a high percentage of the population is A) female B) Males C) over the age of 15 D) under the age of 15 E) receiving adequate medical care

D) under the age of 15

The international Syrian refugee crisis that started in 2011 is best explained by which of the following migration factors? A) An economic pull factor from the European Union, where jobs and housing are available in cities B) A demographic push factor from Syria, where the total fertility rate is high C) A political pull factor from the United States, where there is a history of Syrian immigration D) A political pull factor from Turkey, where there are free and open elections E) A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety

E) A political push factor from Syria, where armed conflict imperils personal safety

Country X has a high youth-dependency ratio. Country Z has fears of running out of agricultural resources. Which of the following explains why Countries X and Z would implement anti-natalist policies? A) Antinatalist policies promote higher birth rates so the country will have an adequate future workforce. B) Antinatalist policies promote immigration so the country will be able to sustain its population. C) Antinatalist policies correct skewed sex ratios so the number of each sex will be relatively even. D) Antinatalist policies promote health and sanitation to lower the number of deaths from infectious diseases. E) Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rate

E) Antinatalist policies promote family planning and education of women to reduce fertility rates.

Total population slowly decreasing, along with population under 16 decreasing. Population over 65 is slowly, very slowly, rising; What is the likely impact of the numerical change by 2050 of the total population on the eventual shape of Japan's population pyramid? A) Since the impact will be gradual over a 40-year period, the 2050 population pyramid likely will not change. B) Because of low birth rates over many years, by 2050 Japan will likely attain a column-shaped population pyramid. C) Owing to the large numbers of pregnancies in the growing reproductive-age cohorts, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of a pentagon. D) Because of an increasing death rate due to an older population, in 2050 the population pyramid will likely have the shape of an equilateral triangle. E) Because of low birth rates over many years, the 2050 population pyramid will likely be an inverted pyramid.

E) Because of low birth rates over many years, the 2050 population pyramid will likely be an inverted pyramid.

In 2018, a large number of migrants from Afghanistan and Iraq applied for asylum in the European Union. Which of the following is a pull factor that explains this migration? A) A high rate of natural increase in the Middle East, leading to overpopulation B) Armed conflict, driving many people from their home regions in the Middle East C) Drought and food shortages in the Middle East, leading many people to search for food security D) Immigration reforms and fenced borders around Europe, controlling the flow of migrant workers E) Economic growth and employment opportunities in Europe, attracting immigrant workers

E) Economic growth and employment opportunities in Europe, attracting immigrant workers

Which of the following is a correct statement about the demographic transition model? A) It is applicable only to eighteenth-century Europe. B) It predicts the growth of population in Russia reasonably well. C) It divides the demographic changes of a country into two stages of slow growth and high growth. D) It supports the idea that technology can remove or extend the limits of food production. E) It is characterized by relatively low growth rates at stage 1 and stage 4.

E) It is characterized by relatively low growth rates at stage 1 and stage 4.

All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXCEPT A) Asians leaving Uganda B) Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia C) Tutsis leaving Rwanda D) Hindus leaving Pakistan E) Mexicans leaving Mexico

E) Mexicans leaving Mexico

Transnational migrants often send money back to their home countries to support nonmigrant family members. What is the term used to describe their international financial transactions? A) Reparations B) Quotas C) Foreign aid D) Foreign direct investment E) Remittances

E) Remittances

The demographic transition is a general model that seeks to explain A) the relationship between the size of age cohorts and natural population change B) how variations in population size and food supply can lead to periods of crisis C) the effects of changes in population size on the gross domestic product D) variations in population size, population migration rates, and the rate of natural increase E) how differences in birth and death rates result in natural population change

E) how differences in birth and death rates result in natural population change

The dependency ratio is most useful for indicating the A) reliance of a country on imported fossil fuels B) degree of gender equality within a country C) relationship between the total fertility rate and the infant mortality rate D) percentage of foreign ownership within the secondary sector of a country's economy E) relationship between the potential labor force and the remainder of a country's population

E) relationship between the potential labor force and the remainder of a country's population

In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by A) a shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance B) a net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births C) migration between European countries D) large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest E) urbanization and falling birth rates

E) urbanization and falling birth rates

In the early part of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, Thomas Malthus developed a theory that population increases exponentially, while food production can increase only arithmetically. Which of the following statements best explains how the Industrial Revolution reduced the threats forecast by Malthus? A) The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted. B) Industrialization led to the manufacture of weaponry used in warfare, resulting in higher mortality during the conflicts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that dramatically reduced populations. C) The migration of people from rural areas to factory cities allowed farmers to expand their farm size and increase food production above Malthus' predictions. D) Industrialization enabled and promoted European imperialism, and Europeans migrated to overseas colonies, reducing the European population. E) Mechanization expanded to agriculture, increasing the need for agricultural labor to run the equipment, leading rural families to have more children and increasing population growth.

A) The resulting rural-to-urban migration for jobs in factories led to a decline in birth rates and lowered population growth rates below what Malthus predicted.

Which of the following characteristics applies to more-developed countries? A) Early stages of epidemiological transition B) Long life expectancies C) High total fertility rates D) Rapid population growth E) Early stages of the demographic transition

B) Long life expectancies

Which of the following profiles characterizes the population group that is the most likely to migrate? A) Married, twenty-five years old B) Single, twenty-five years old C) Married, fifty years old D) Single, fifty years old E) Married, sixty-five years old

B) Single, twenty-five years old

Since 2000, people in the largest category of international migrants seeking asylum in a different country are best described as A) families looking for employment opportunities B) women seeking higher-education opportunities C) individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict D) youths seeking seasonal farm employment E) men seeking construction or energy-sector jobs

C) individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict

A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because Florida is closer and the plane fare is cheaper. This type of decision-making best illustrates the concept of A) human capital B) time space compressionintervening opportunities C) intervening opportunities D) the rank size rule E) central place theory

C) intervening opportunities

The Malthusian view of the world argues that A) the contemporary problem of famine in developing countries is a result of the colonial legacy B) the problem of population growth is a result of economic underdevelopment C) one way to solve population growth in developing countries is to reduce their foreign debt D) famine in developing countries can be explained by examining their patterns of population growth E) population growth is helpful to developing countries because it provides a larger rural workforce

D) famine in developing countries can be explained by examining their patterns of population growth

The low birth and death rates for a country in stage 4 of the demographic transition model are best explained by A) the rural population and agricultural livelihood of a less developed country. B) the level of education and traditional roles for women in a less developed country C) the resource-based economy and life expectancy of a less developed country D) the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country E) the environmental pollution and manufacturing infrastructure of a more developed country

D) the level of urbanization and technological advancement of a more developed country

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, which of the following countries had the lowest fertility rate? A) Somalia B) Niger C) Angola D) Democratic Republic of Congo E) South Africa

E) South Africa

Country Female life expectancy Male life expectancy %over 65 Germany 83 78 21% Italy 85 81 22% Japan 87 81 28% Based on the data shown, which of the following describes the most likely population context for the countries listed? A) High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families B) Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs C) Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population D) Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population E) Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

E) Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates

Sri Lanka and Australia have about the same population. What data would help you determine which country has a higher physiological population density? A) The area of each country B) The number of farmers in each country C) The total fertility rate of each country D) The amount of arid land in each country E) The amount of arable land in each country

E) The amount of arable land in each country

larger male population in 25-39 age group The sex ratio represented in the age-sex graph above for Country X is most likely the result of A) high infant mortality B) undercounting of females C) an epidemic with high mortality D) a period of war E) a large guest-worker population

E) a large guest-worker population