APHY101 IVY TECH UNIT 1 EXAM STUDY- [previous quiz and lab questions]

Interphase

DNA packaged as chromatin, and the centrioles (2 black dots) are together on one side of the single nucleus. Nucleolus is visible (red dot). DNA was copied during interphase (specifically, the S Phase of interphase) in order to prepare for the next part of the cell cycle, which is mitosis. The M Phase (MITOSIS) BEGINS after Interphase.

Lactose is an example of______ type of carbohydrate:

Disaccharide

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm. Began in ANAPHASE and continues in TELOPHASE. At the end of the cell cycle, we are left with 2 cells (called daughter cells) that contain exact DNA copies of one another. 2 distinct/separate cells, each with their own cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus, cytoplasm, centrioles & DNA.

which type of muscle tissue contains multinucleated cells:

skeletal tissue

While looking At tissue slides with a microscope, you identify an epithelial tissue that consists of four layers, flat cell. this epithelial tissue would be classified as:

stratified squamous

The major distinction between endocrine glands and exocrine glands is that all the endocrine glands secretion ends up in:

the bloodstream

Which cell membrane Transportation method requires a use of energy:

vasicular[BULK] transport & Active Transport

Early Anaphase

"A" is for away or apart. The centromeres that were holding the sister chromatids together break, as the spindle fibers are shortened and chromosomes are being pulled towards the centrioles on opposite sides of the cells. In early anaphase the sister chromatids are barely separated from one another.

Match the listed regions to the correct corresponding letter:

A:Carpal region, C:Abdominal region, B:crural region, D:pedal region.

The process of cytokinesis begins during the ____ process of mitosis:

Anaphase

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position:

Body erect, feet slightly apart, Palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

Which of the following is the basic( simplest) structural and functional level in humans:

Cellular

Which of the following is a barrel shaped cell organelle, typically found near the nucleus, that is involved in the process of mitosis:

Centriole STUDY ALL CELL COMPONENTS

Early Prophase

Chromatin is "winding" more tightly and condensing so distinct chromosomes are visible. The centrioles are splitting (separating apart from one another) and spindle fibers are being produced.

When the anatomy of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function, scientists call this principle of:

Complementarity

Which of the following relationships between a tissue and its General function is NOT correct: :Muscle: movement, connective: support, nervous: communication and control, Epithelial; digestion

EPITHELIAL:DIGESTION

Which feedback system( Loop) component is responsible for producing a response in order to change a specific body condition:

Effector

The process of removing waste from the body is called:

Excretion

The solution of a Substance that is present in the greatest amount is the solute: true or false?

False-the solvent is the substance of greatest amount, while the solute is the least amount. Ex.(slovent=water & slolute=salt)

a red blood cell placed into a container of distilled water will _____ water through the process of _____.

Gain: Osmosis

cell Junctions that are important in cell communication are called:

Gap Junctions

Which anatomical region is visible only on the anterior (ventral) aspect:

Mammary

Which of the following images best depicts medial and lateral:

Medial is closer to the midline, and lateral is farther away from the midline.

______ anatomy studies structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Microscopic

A ______ Is a discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types( four is more common) that performs a specific function for the body.

Organ

Of the eight necessary life functions, which of the following is NOT required for an individual's survival?

Organismal reproduction

What type of connective tissue stores fat and synthesizes blood cells:

Osseous tissue(bone)

Which cell membrane Transportation does not require the use of energy:

Passive transportation- Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, & osmosis( type of simple diffusion)

Late Prophase

Prophase is progressing. The centrioles are now positioned at opposite ends (poles) of the cell. This means that the centrioles can start maneuvering/moving the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane is dissolved/absent. The spindle fibers are attached and chromosomes (sister chromatids) are being organized. The next stage is METAPHASE.

Which organic compound is mostly known for acting as an enzyme in biochemical reactions in the human body?

Protein

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated:

S phase during interphase

A ______ plane Is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts.

Sagittal/Median

Which of the following types of epithelial tissue is best suited for areas of the body were diffusion and filtration occurs:

Simple squamous

Both Cartilage tissue and Osseous (bone) tissue contain lacuna true of false.

TRUE

Metaphase

The "M" is for middle. The chromosomes are arranged and lined up in the middle of the cell so that they can be split equally between the two sides. After metaphase, the cell is now ready to separate the sister chromatids, which occurs in the next phase, ANAPHASE.

When Atoms gain electrons:

The atoms become negatively charged

Identify the sagittal plane:

The sagittal plane splits the body into left and right sections

Late Anaphase

The sister chromatids continue to move apart/separate from one another. Cytokinesis begins during this step of mitosis as well. Nuclear contents are divided and can begin to divide the cytoplasm. Notice the cell is starting to "pinch in" on the sides, forming a cleavage furrow. This leads us to the next step of mitosis, which is TELOPHASE.

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism:

The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone under the influence of TSH( thyroid stimulating hormone) TSH release decreases when thyroid hormone levels reach their set point.

Telophase

Think "T" for terminal. The sister chromatids are now separated and the cytoplasm is dividing/splitting (cytokinesis). The cell can now reform a nuclear membrane and start to reverse the condensed state that the DNA is in. Telophase is also known as "reverse prophase," because during this step, the changes that were seen during prophase are reversed.

Which anatomical plane divides the body into Superior and inferior parts:

Transverse plane

physiology is defined as the study of structure true or false?

True

The ______ organ system is Responsible for eliminating nitrogenous waste from the body.

Urinary

the term____ refers to internal, while the_____ refers to body cavity walls.

Visceral:Parietal

Which of the following is not an example of simple diffusion: a white blood cell engulfing a bacterial cell, gas exchange in our lungs, popcorn odor permeating throughout the house, a dissolving sugar cube:

a white blood cell engulfing a bacterial cell

All of the following are typical characteristics of epithelial tissue except: abundance of extracellular material(matrix), presence of tight junctions, High rate of mitosis, avascularity. :

abundance of extra cellular material (matrix)

Proper Anatomical term used to describe the underarm area is:

axillary

Which of the following pairs is Not correct-

cardiac muscle: voluntary

which of the following is classified as dry membrane:

cutaneous

chemotherapy destroys cells while they're going through my. knowing this, which type of tissue would be most affected by chemotherapy treatments?

epithelial tissue

A substance that is very acidic may have a pH of one or two this means that the acidic substance:

has a high concentration of (H+) hydrogen ions

The cell membrane is composed mostly of:

phospholipids and proteins

An Adam's nucleus contains:

protons and neutrons

Identify the abdominopelvic regions

reading right-left: Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac Right lumbar (lateral), umbilical, left lumbar(lateral) Right iliac(inguinal), hypogastric(suprapubic), left iliac(inguinal)