APSY 220 - Chapter 2

The dominant genetic disorder known as Huntington's disease is a fatal central nervous system disorder caused by a copy number variation of more than _____ repetitions of a particular set of three base pairs.

35

Human childbirth is initiated at approximately _____ weeks after conception.

38

Ken and Kendra are fraternal twins. Lara and Lonnie are nontwin siblings. Ken and Kendra share _____ percent of their genes. Lara and Lonnie share _____ percent of their genes.

50;50

Marta's newborn daughter had problems breathing, was pale, and had limp muscle tone immediately after birth. When a neonatal physician came to the delivery room, she knew Marta's daughter's Apgar score would be less than:

7

Which contains 23 chromosomes?

A gamete

The base pairs of genes responsible for sending instructions to cells to manufacture the proteins needed to sustain life are comprised of four bases known as:

A, T, G, C

Although cesarean sections are not the most recommended form of delivery, nations with very low cesarean rates also tend to have the highest rates of childbirth deaths. The region of the world with the lowest rate of cesarean section births is:

East Africa

The _____ period of prenatal development lasts from the ninth week after conception until birth.

Fetal

Imogen weighed 5 pounds, 4 ounces at birth 35 weeks after conception. Imogen's weight is considered _____ birthweight.

Low

For whom would genetic counseling NOT be recommended or beneficial?

Mark, who is 35 years old

_____ is one possible reason for the increase of cesarean deliveries in the United States, according to the text.

Scheduling convenience for the doctor or parents

The baby is actually pushed out and delivered in the _____ stage of labor.

Second

The basic unit for the transmission of heredity is called:

a gene

Dr. Hereirra warned a pregnant patient that her recreational use of a particular drug might cause harm to her fetus. The drug would be classified as:

a teratogen

In her research, Dr. Joachim found that a pregnant woman's use of a certain chemical substance would cause harm to her fetus. That chemical substance would be classified as:

a teratogen.

Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with:

abnormal facial features.

The variable that often correlates with chromosomal abnormalities is the parents' _____, especially that of the mother.

age

A reflex is:

an involuntary response to a particular stimulus.

Pamela is in labor and has opted for an epidural, so she is more comfortable. Pamela's labor is MOST likely to:

be prolonged.

Lola is in her eighth month of pregnancy and likes to sing and gently rock to music when she is doing the dishes. She notices that her baby's movements _____ when she moves in a rhythmic fashion, which probably means the baby is resting.

decrease

Which type of twins is created when two ova are fertilized by two sperm at roughly the same time?

dizygotic (DZ)

When a heterozygous pair of alleles interacts, the resulting phenotype reveals the influence of one allele more than that of the other allele. This phenomenon is called the _____ pattern.

dominant-recessive

When the alleles in a pair interact, the resulting phenotype reveals the influence of one allele more than that of the other allele. This pattern is called a(n):

dominant-recessive pattern

Lucy has been hired to provide support to Dan and Deb while Deb is in labor. Lucy meets Deb and Dan at their house after labor begins and is timing Deb's contractions, massaging Deb during her contractions and giving Dan ideas about how to help Deb manage the pain. She is also giving them information to help them decide when they want to go to the hospital to meet their doctor, who will be delivering the baby. Lucy is MOST likely a(n):

doula.

Jenn and Clara are identical twins. Jenn developed schizophrenia when she was 19, but Clara shows no symptoms of the disorder and enjoys life as a college student. Jenn was sexually abused by an uncle at the age of 8 but Clara was never exposed to any abuse. While both have identical genes, the difference between the two may be due to:

epigenetic mechanisms mediated by the environment involving methylation which silenced the genetic expression in Clara.

Nan is pregnant with her first child. She just found out that the baby has grown one pound since her last doctor's appointment. She is in the _____ period of prenatal development.

fetal

The stage of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week after conception until birth is the:

fetal stage

Dr. Mitchell is a scientist studying heredity. She wants to isolate the basic unit for the transmission of heredity, which is a(n):

gene

Diana is 37 and Ray is 41. They are trying to conceive their first child. Because of their age, it is recommended that they seek:

genetic counseling

An individual's _____ is observable in his or her _____.

genotype; phenotype

Noah receives the brown-eyed allele of the eye-color gene from both his mother and his father. Noah is _____ for the eye-color gene.

homozygous

Less than 2 weeks ago, one of Megan's eggs was fertilized by her husband. The resulting zygote is now embedding itself into her uterine wall. This event is known as _____.

implantation

The embedding of the zygote into the uterine wall is called ____.

implantation

The process by which ova are surgically removed from a woman and then mixed with sperm to produce a zygote, which is then inserted into the uterus, is called:

in vitro fertilization.

Sarah wants to induce labor two weeks prior to her due date because she does not want to experience labor pain. Her early delivery will _____ the risk of complications.

increase

When it is consumed later in pregnancy, alcohol is a behavioral teratogen. This means that, as compared to its consumption earlier in pregnancy, alcohol consumed later in pregnancy is:

more likely to have effects on brain development than on physical development.

Chromosomal abnormalities occur when the zygote's cells have:

more or fewer than 46 chromosomes.

Females are _____ likely to be carriers of X-linked traits and are _____ likely to express them.

more;less

The differences between one person and another are:

much more epigenetic than genetic.

In the process of _____, new neurons are developed in the brain.

neurogenesis

The Apgar scale measures the:

newborn's health following birth.

A genetic counselor at a hospital has been informed that the hospital's computer system made a mistake and his patients' information may have been accidentally sent to an insurance company. The counselor is very upset by this information because:

patient information must be kept confidential.

Each cell manufactures certain _____ according to instructions stored by molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at the heart of each cell.

proteins

All teratogens increase the possibly of harm to a developing fetus, but many associated developmental complications can likely be prevented or overcome through:

science of risk analysis

The process by which a fetus's brain begins to develop new connections is referred to as:

synaptogenesis.

Six-year-old Austin is hyperactive and has been tested for ADHD. A school psychologist suggests that Austin's hyperactivity might reflect the influence of some prenatal substance that did not affect his physical development, but instead influenced the development of his brain. Austin might be showing the effects of behavioral _____ that his mother ingested while he was in the womb.

teratogens

Mike and Ted are newborns. Mike's mother finds his sucking reflex to be strong, while Ted's mother worries that his sucking reflex is weak. This difference signals that:

the boys are unique individuals.

Haley became pregnant five weeks ago. Which statement is FALSE concerning her fetus's development?

the sex organs have developed