APT 400 QUIZ 1 Midterm

A decision maker's actions should be guided by

a goal.

Which of the following methods can be used to enhance individual performance at work? job design employee participation goal setting performance management all of these

all of these

Which of the following statements about knowledge workers is NOT true? Knowledge workers include computer scientists. Knowledge workers require highly specialized training. Compensation is specially tailored for the knowledge worker. Knowledge workers do not add value to the organization. Knowledge workers include video game developers.

Knowledge workers do not add value to the organization.

What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?

top management (e.g., CEO)

High-need achievers tend not to make good top managers because

top managers seldom receive immediate feedback.

The environment of all organizations is changing at a(n) __________ rate.

unprecedented

Cultural diversity can enhance synergy in an organization.

True

A person's ____________________ is an indicator of his or her efficiency and is measured in terms of the products or services created per unit of output.

productivity

Group polarization is the tendency for group members to converge on a common decision outcome or solution.

FALSE

360-degree feedback includes evaluations from a boss and peers, but not from subordinates.

False

A prejudice is a generalization about a person or a group of persons based on certain characteristics or traits.

False

A quality circle is a group of employees who are assigned to inspection teams that ensure production quality on an assembly line.

False

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

____ decisions tend to involve situations that occur often in a company.

Programmed

The purpose of diversity training is to help employees __________ their biases. Select ALL of the choices that would validly complete this sentence. control hide become aware of eliminate expand

control, become aware of

Which of the following is the primary problem associated with the specialization of jobs?

Boredom

Contingency plans are a part of what phase of the decision-making process?

Choosing an alternative

The last step in the rational decision-making process is

Control: Measure and Adjust

__________ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal if they want that goal and think they can achieve it.

Expectancy

A performance management system comprises the processes and activities involved in performance appraisals.

True

A system is an interrelated set of elements that function as a whole.

True

For difficult goals to motivate behavior, they must be set at a reasonable level so they are possible to attain.

True

Which of the following is NOT a facet of human resource management?

developing incentives to use fewer employees

Managers who are cautious and try to adhere to the rational decision-making model

have a lower risk propensity than other managers.

Participation occurs when employees

have a voice in decisions about their own work.

After World War I, attention shifted away from scientific management to understanding the role of _____________ in organizations.

human factors and psychology

____ attempts to explain how people select, interpret, and change various situations.

interactionalism

The most difficult performance factor to manage is often

motivation

Jim is using the rational decision-making process to decide a course of action for the marketing department. While selecting a preferred alternative, a fellow worker asks, "What if something unexpected happens during the implementation of the alternative we have selected?" This type of question is an example of ____.

planning for contingencies.

What term refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship that operate over and above the formal contract of employment?

psychological contract

The highest need in Maslow's hierarchy is the need for __________.

self-actualization

When ____, the decision maker knowingly accepts less than the best possible outcome.

suboptimizing

Over time, organizational behavior has gradually shifted from a situational perspective to a universal perspective.

False

The human relations approach to motivation includes all of the following EXCEPT

employees are motivated by only money.

The scientific management view of motivation includes all of the following EXCEPT

employees want to feel useful and important.

Which of the following are examples of technical skills? Select as many as apply. ​identifying which employee survey responses are likely to predict subsequent turnover ​figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing ​coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a competitive market ​persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift ensuring that a piece of medical software is in compliance with HIPAA regulations

ensuring that a piece of medical software is in compliance with HIPAA regulations

__________ management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.

Scientific

Motivation factors include achievement, recognition, and responsibility.

True

​High performance requires both ability and motivation.

True

Stereotypes can be based on all of the following characteristics EXCEPT race. religion. disability. nationality. ethics.

ethics.

The belief that one's culture is superior to all others is called

ethnocentrism.

The degree to which the job activities give a person information about the effectiveness of performance is called

feedback.

The most significant source of change impacting many organizations today is increasing

globalization.

An innate belief about something without conscious consideration is called

intuition

The behavioral approach to decision-making is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

it uses logic

The courts and Equal Employment Opportunity guidelines have mandated that performance measurements be based on

job-related criteria.

An understanding of OB can help organizations to prevent all of the following problems EXCEPT

loss of market share.

A person's confidence in his or her ability to organize and execute the courses of action necessary to accomplish a specific task is called

self-efficacy.

Seline runs a small company that sells medical software. She has devised a process by which her company is able to develop new versions of the software relatively quickly and with almost no bugs. However, Seline believes that the success of this process hinges on her company's unique makeup and the type of product it produces; she does not believe that most software companies could use her process to any great effect. Seline's views embody which type of perspective?

situational