APUSH 1
All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except
Treating women in the workplace exactly the same as men
The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to
Prove that the democratic federal government, not private business, governed the United States
The two major battles of World War I in which United States forces engaged were
St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
The Supreme Court's rule of reason in antitrust law was handed down in a case involving
Standard Oil
The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to a. provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry. b. control floods in the Tennessee and Cumblerland valleys. c. prevent soil erosion throughout the region. d. build housing for poor and middle-class citizens in the region. e. resettle poor farmers on more productive land.
Provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry
The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to a. halt the sale of stocks on margin (i.e. with borrowed funds). b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government. c. prevent interlocking directorates and business pyramiding schemes. d. provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices. e. enable the Chicago Board of Trade to compete with the New York Stock Exchange.
Provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices
22. Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through a) tariff collections b) excise taxes on luxury goods c) raising income taxes d) voluntary contributions e) borrowing
e
The United States used all of the following methods to support the war effort
forcing some people to buy war bonds, having "meatless and wheatless" days, and seizing enemy merchant vessels trapped in American harbors
After the Scopes "Monkey Trial"
fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life. (E)
Woodrow Wilson's call for a "solemn referendum" in 1920 referred to
his attempt to use the presidential election of 1920 to gain support for the Treaty of Versailles but it became a death sentence for the League of Nations
Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding
hoped to encourage the government actively to assist business along the path to profits. (B)
Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from
immigrants and big-city residents.
Cultural pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne generally advocated that
immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot. (D)
During the 1920s and after, many American immigrant ethnic groups
lived in neighborhoods with their own churches or synagogues, newspapers, and theaters. (C)
Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from
loans
The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of these practices except
sale of stocks without full disclosure of a business's organization and profits. (C)
One exception to President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism involved the Middle East, where the United States sought to
secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies. (D)
President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico occurred when he
seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta. (C)
Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct a strongly anti-imperialist U. S. foreign policy were first undermined when he
sent American marines to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. (C)
President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an opportunity for the United States to
shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy.
Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____. a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition b. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment c. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office d. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration e. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition
shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition
Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____.
shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition (A)
The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariff laws had the long-term effect of
shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans. (C)
The Immigration Act of 1924 discriminated directly against
southern and eastern Europeans and Japanese. (E)
The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was the they
still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley. (C)
On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans
still wanted to keep the United States out of war
Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to a. stimulate inflation. b. reduce the price of gold. c. restore confidence in banks. d. reduce the amount of money in circulation. e. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.
stimulate inflation
Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to
stimulate inflation. (A)
Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except
struggle to achieve economic prosperity. (C)
During his presidency, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except
substantially weaken corporate capitalism
Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism
supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business. (D)
Grievances of labor during and shortly after World War I include all of the following except
suppression of the American Federation of Labor.
When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt's name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it
symbolized the rising political status of women and the movement for social justice. (C)
Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation on World War II?
the maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracy
Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of
the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans. (B)
Action by the United States against Adolf Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews
was reprehensibly slow in coming
As president, William Howard Taft
was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change
Congress's passage of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act demonstrated that the federal government
was willing to benefit and support women primarily in their role as mothers.
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II
were further assimilated into American society
After the Treaty of Versailles had been signed, Woodrow Wilson
wilson was condemned by disillusioned liberals and frustrated imperialists
A
11. President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was a. Henry Kissinger. b. John Dean III. c. Spiro Agnew. d. Cyrus Vance. e. Donald Rumsfeld.
Which one of the following was not among Wilson's Fourteen Points, upon which he based America's idealistic foreign policy in World War I?
An international guarantee of freedom of religion
Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to a. nationalize all banks and public utility companies. b. make Jews pay for causing the Great Depression. c. help farmers and workers organize to resist the power of corporations. d. provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security payment. e. "share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000
"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000
Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to
"share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000. (E)
Arrange these events in chronological order:
(A) Munich Conference (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty (B) German invasion of Poland
Arrange the following events in chronological order:
(A) fall of France (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union (B) Atlantic Conference
Arrange these events in chronological order
(B) V-E Day (D) Invasion of Italy (A) V-J Day (C) D Day
At the Atlantic Conference, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agreed on the principles of
-national self-determination -disarmament -collective security -a future international organization
The World War I military draft
...
As part of his plan to concentrate on alleviating the Depression at home, President Roosevelt's administration
-extended formal diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union -abandoned the interventionist policy toward Latin America -promised independence to the Philippines
E
1. One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was a. the entry of large numbers of women in the work force. b. the Arab oil embargo. c. a decline in technological innovation. d. a lack of government safety and health regulations. e. a drastic decline in worker productivity.
It forced the north to take the prowess of the Southern military seriously.
1. Why is the Battle of Bull Run important? (a) It showed the might of the Union Army. (b) It forced the north to take the prowess of the Southern military seriously. (c) It gave the South an exaggerated sense of confidence. (d) It was a draw. (e) It hinted that the war would not be over quickly.
march to the sea.
10. General William Tecumseh Sherman is most remembered for his (a) rejection of the concept of total war. (b) well-disciplined troops. (c) march to the sea. (d) capture of North Carolina. (e) destruction of Chattanooga, Tennessee
E
10. The top secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971, a. revealed President Nixon's role in the Watergate scandal. b. documented the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. c. exposed President Nixon's secret bombing war of Cambodia. d. was the first the American public knew of the Nixon Doctrine. e. exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.
a series of Union military victories.
11. Initially in doubt, Lincoln's reelection was alternately secured as voting day neared in 1864 by (a) a lack of strong competition for the presidency. (b) the solid backing of the Copperheads. (c) his choice of the popular Andrew Johnson as his running mate. (d) a series of Union military victories. (e) support from Peace Democrats.
E
12. Richard Nixon's policy of détente a. was designed to improve relations between the Soviet Union and China. b. was aimed at ending the division of Germany and Korea. c. was a failure. d. found support in the Democratic party but not the Republican party. e. ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.
Grant's combat strategy focusing on man-to-man confrontations in the Virginia countryside
12. What was the Wilderness Campaign? (a) Grant's combat strategy focusing on man-to-man confrontations in the Virginia countryside (b) Lee's effort to turn the tide of the war back in the South's favor by fighting on familiar terrain (c) A series of battles culminating in the fighting at Gettysburg (d) Battles between Union forces and Indians on the Western frontier (e) Grant's strategy to focus on trench warfare`
the South wanted to retain its independence.
13. Before the war actually ended, initial attempts for a negotiated peace broke down because (a) Southerners reviled Lincoln. (b) Lincoln was assassinated. (c) Jefferson Davis insisted on a place in the reformed Union government. (d) the Union insisted that the South bear the entire financial cost of the war. (e) the South wanted to retain its independence.
D
13. The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it worked to undermine and overthrow the leftist government of a. Cuba. b. Mexico. c. China. d. Chile. e. Sweden.
C
14. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on a. the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution. b. the First Amendment. c. a "right to privacy." d. Roe v. Wade. e. the Fifth Amendment.
Relationships with Britain and France were stressed.
14. Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the Civil War? (a) Secession and nullification were put to rest. (b) Relationships with Britain and France were stressed. (c) A pro-South fanatic shot and killed the president. (d) Champions of liberalism and democracy around the world were inspired to further those aims for themselves. (e) Slavery, at home and beyond, was ultimately abolished.
B
15. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren outraged religious conservatives in 1962-63 when it a. declared a woman's right to an abortion. b. ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated the First Amendment. c. prohibited the display of religious symbols in government buildings. d. ruled that parochial students could not ride on public school buses. e. declared that the practice of having Congressional chaplains was unconstitutional.
E
16. When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon a. sought to exclude African Americans. b. tried to repeal only food stamps and Medicaid. c. did little to reduce the poverty rate. d. did his best to do away with Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs. e. supported significant expansion in many areas.
D
17. Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan a. was a direct attack on affirmative action. b. aimed at giving direct economic assistance to business. c. attempted to counter the Supreme Court's opposition to affirmative action. d. required construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices. e. aimed to renovate inner cities like those in Philadelphia.
D
18. The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was a. very small. b. that Johnson intended his to help groups and Nixon intended his to help individuals. c. that Nixon's actions applied only to educational opportunities and did nothing for employment, while Johnson's helped both. d. that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups. e. that Johnson established quotas and Nixon ended them.
E
19. All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency except a. the Environmental Protection Agency. b. Supplemental Security Income for the blind, disabled, and indigent aged. c. the Endangered Species Act. d. the Occupational Health and Safety Administration. e. the Medicare program.
B
19. Before he became Vice President and then President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as a. Secretary of Defense. b. Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate. c. a wealthy Texas businessman. d. governor of Texas. e. Speaker of the House of Representatives.
A
2. Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and finding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to a. a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s. b. a decline in the competitive advantage of American business. c. severe cutbacks in the size of the federal government. d. a taxpayer revolt. e. a growing reliance on overseas trade to sustain the American economy.
slowness to act.
2. Union General George McClellan is best remembered for his (a) brilliant sense of timing in battle. (b) unwillingness to risk the lives of his men. (c) slowness to act. (d) preference for attacking by water. (e) lightning-fast attacks.
A
20. President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at a. working with Congress. b. exciting the ideals and spirit of his fellow citizens. c. reducing America's overseas commitments. d. gaining the admiration and support of the media. e. appealing to America's European Allies.
A
20. To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon a. imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze. b. put the United States back on the gold standard. c. sought a system of international currency stabilization. d. lowered Social Security payments. e. pressured the Federal Reserve Board to raise interest rates.
E
21. President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the a. Great Crusade. b. Fair Deal. c. New Frontier. d. Johnson Revolution. e. Great Society.
E
21. Richard Nixon's "southern strategy" included the policy of a. completely overhauling the welfare system. b. ending the Vietnam War. c. moving nearly all military bases to the southern states. d. appointing only southerners to the Supreme Court. e. soft-pedaling civil rights and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.
D
22. George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party a. by advocating a cut in Social Security. b. when he advocated an end to the Vietnam War. c. when it was discovered that he had undergone psychiatric care. d. by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth. e. by opposing the power of labor unions.
B
22. With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, a. the United States declared war on Vietnam. b. Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam. c. the military was given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons. d. Congress maintained its war-declaring power. e. the goals of American military involvement in Vietnam were clear.
A
23. As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the a. antiwar movement. b. working class. c. South. d. religious conservatives. e. Midwest.
E
23. Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their a. loyalty to the Kennedy legacy. b. faith in the Great Society promises. c. fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater. d. trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy. e. all of the above.
C
24. Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid a. only to public schools. b. in smaller amounts than John Kennedy had. c. to public and parochial schools. d. to little avail. e. to higher education only.
A
24. The shaky agreement that brought an end to American fighting in Vietnam in January 1973 represented a. a thinly disguised American retreat. b. an end to warfare in Vietnam. c. the establishment of a unified, neutral Vietnam. d. the achievement of the essential American goals in the war. e. a vote of confidence in the South Vietnamese government's ability to defeat the communists.
C
25. All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except a. the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. b. Project Head Start. c. the Peace Corps. d. Medicare. e. the Office of Economic Opportunity.
E
25. As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973, a. the United States ended the bombing of Cambodia. b. the United States stopped all economic and military aid to South Vietnam. c. North Vietnam withdrew all its troops from South Vietnam. d. the Viet Cong joined a coalition government in South Vietnam. e. the United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam.
C
26. In 1973 the American public was shocked to learn that a. some American soldiers had committed massacres in Vietnam. b. the Vietnamese peace agreement would not last. c. the U.S. Air Force had been secretly bombing Cambodia since 1973. d. President Nixon had prepared plans to invade North Vietnam. e. the United States was threatening to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam and Cambodia.
D
26. In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs a. did no good at all. b. actually increased the poverty rate. c. proved that poverty could not be papered over with greenbacks. d. won some noteworthy battles in education and health care. e. received more money than they could effectively spend.
E
27. In response to Congress's attempt to stop him from continuing the bombing of Cambodia, President Nixon a. began using secret agents to intimidate members of Congress. b. gradually reduced the number of bombing raids. c. shifted the bombing campaign to Laos. d. declared that he was stopping the bombing but continued the campaign secretly. e. repeatedly vetoed Congress's bills to halt the attacks.
D
27. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except a. creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. b. prohibiting discrimination based on gender. c. banning sexual as well as racial discrimination. d. banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public. e. requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination.
E
28. As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, a. fewer Asians came to the U.S. b. the number of immigrants entering the country was reduced. c. the racial and ethnic makeup of the country was unchanged. d. sources of immigration tilted to Eastern Europe. e. sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
C
28. The 1973 War Powers Act a. gave the president the power to commit troops without declaring war. b. compelled President Nixon to end the secret bombing war in Cambodia. c. required the president to report to Congress any commitment of American troops. d. ended the military draft and created an all-volunteer army. e. required Congress to approve funds for military operations.
C
29. As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973, a. Congress revoked the War Powers Act. b. he was impeached. c. the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized. d. strong congressional reaction forced Nixon to withdraw all remaining American combat troops. e. the Cambodians and North Vietnamese were forced to seek peace.
C
29. The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the a. Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. Twenty-fourth Amendment. d. War on Poverty. e. Twenty-fifth Amendment.
prolonged the war and began to attach slavery to the cause.
3. The outcome of the Peninsula Campaign to take Richmond in 1862 is significant because it (a) was the first Southern victory. (b) prolonged the war and began to attach slavery to the cause. (c) was among the most violent conflicts of the war, taking 10,000 Union soldiers' lives and 20,000 Confederates. (d) was MacLennan's shining moment. (e) inspired Union leaders to shift their expectations from a short battle to a long and bloody war.
D
3. The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to a. American reliance on Middle Eastern oil. b. the Social Security and Medicare programs for the elderly. c. the increases in military spending of the 1960s. d. the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice. e. reliance on the dollar as a stable international currency.
A
30. After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to a. secure the right to vote. b. end discrimination in housing. c. gain equality in education. d. prohibit racial discrimination in employment. e. integrate private social clubs and organizations.
C
30. As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria, a. Israel took control of Syria. b. America had to reduce its aid to other nations. c. Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America. d. the Soviet Union started sending arms to Syria. e. Israel was able to seize the Suez Canal.
D
31. As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a. whites left the South in record numbers. b. centuries of discrimination and oppression ended. c. whites refused to do business with blacks. d. white southerners began to court black votes. e. the South became strongly Democratic.
B
31. The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following except a. breaking into the Democratic party headquarters in order to "bug" them. b. paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions. c. using the internal Revenue Service to harass its "enemies." d. forging documents to discredit Democrats. e. using the FBI and CIA to cover up previous crimes.
C
32. Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that a. portions of the tape were erased. b. they were his private property. c. he had executive privilege (confidentiality). d. they were inaudible. e. it would violate his right to privacy
C
32. The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized a. the still-troubled racial situation in the South. b. the rise of the Black Muslim movement in Los Angeles. c. a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement. d. the power of Martin Luther King in the black community. e. the ineffectiveness of the Voting Rights Act.
B
33. Black leaders in the 1960s included, ___________ an advocate of peaceable resistance; ___________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power." a. Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael c. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael; Malcolm X d. Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X e. Malcolm X; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael
E
34. By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on a. housing. b. school integration. c. voting rights. d. black separation. e. economic demands.
A
35. Some advocates of Black Power made the slogan the basis for a. emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism. b. upholding the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. c. supporting a movement "back to Africa." d. encouraging the end of racially based identity and culture. e. promoting affirmative action in education and employment.
C
36. The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged Communist influence was a. Argentina. b. El Salvador. c. the Dominican Republic d. Panama. e. Mexico.
B
37. Aerial bombardment in Vietnam a. worked very well. b. strengthened the communists' will to resist. c. strengthened the will of America's South Vietnamese allies to fight. d. had no effect on the war. e. destroyed North Vietnamese industry.
E
38. The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict a. Americans and Israelis. b. Israel and Saudi Arabia. c. Israel and the United States on the one hand and the Arabs and the Soviet Union on the other. d. the Israeli government and Jewish settlers on the West Bank. e. Israelis and Palestinians.
C
39. The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy a. came with the bombing of Cambodia. b. occurred when Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resigned. c. was the Tet offensive of 1968. d. occurred when Senator J. William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee held public hearings on the war. e. came with the revelation that the Tonkin Gulf attacks had been provoked by the U.S.
A
4. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would a. honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops. b. supply only economic aid to its allies. c. seek detente with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. d. intervene to help its allies fight communism only if the United States was allowed to send American troops. e. maintain naval and air bases in East Asia but not put troops on the Asian mainland.
Grind the Confederacy to dust by sending troops through Maryland and Virginia
4. Which of the following was NOT part of Union military strategy against the South? (a) Cause havoc by liberating the slaves (b) Blockade Southern seacoasts (c) Capture the Mississippi (d) Seize Richmond (e) Grind the Confederacy to dust by sending troops through Maryland and Virginia
B
40. During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to a. lead an invasion of Cambodia. b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors. c. infiltrate FBI headquarters. d. help destabilize the government of Thailand. e. protect prowar presidential candidates.
B
41. The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed a. a long deadlock over the nomination of its presidential candidate. b. a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall. c. a walkout by hundreds of southern delegates, who then founded the Independent party. d. the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy soon after he delivered a speech at the convention. e. the enthusiastic nomination of Vice President Humphrey.
E
42. The "spoiler" third-party candidate for president in 1968 was a. Robert F. Kennedy. b. Hubert H. Humphrey. c. Eugene McCarthy. d. George Wallace. e. George McGovern.
E
43. Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should a. negotiate an immediate end to the Vietnam War. b. withdraw U.S. troops to safe enclaves. c. withdraw American forces from Vietnam. d. escalate the bombing of North Vietnam. e. continue the war in pursuit of an "honorable peace."
D
44. The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s a. was a new phenomenon for America. b. had been imported from Europe. c. touched all institutions except religion. d. had deep historical roots in American culture. e. arose from the music and drugs of the time.
C
45. The "three P'S" that largely explain the cultural upheavals of the 1960s are a. poverty, political radicalism, and protest against authority. b. public schools, parietal rules, and parental restrictions. c. population bulge, protest against Vietnam, and prosperity. d. patriotism, prowar enthusiasm, and perfectionism. e. the "pill," pot, and popular rock music.
E
46. The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was a. the Mattachine Society headquarters (Los Angeles). b. Fire Island, New York. c. Key West, Florida. d. Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana). e. the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
E
5. Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his a. naturally conciliatory manner. b. inclination to try to work openly with antiwar liberals to halt the Vietnam War. c. close connection with former President Eisenhower. d. clear mandate from the public as a result of his 1968 election victory. e. expertise in foreign affairs.
A
6. President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for a. a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese. b. a full-scale conventional invasion of North Vietnam. c. reorganization of the American army in Vietnam into anti-guerrilla units. d. an end to all American military and economic aid to South Vietnam. e. a de-emphasis on military assaults in favor of Vietnamese social reform.
was a symbolic statement of justice.
6. The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 (a) freed all slaves throughout the United States. (b) freed slaves in Confederate and border states. (c) was a symbolic statement of justice. (d) officially and formally ended slavery. (e) was meant as an appeal to now former slaves to serve in the Union Army.
It established home guards to protect against insurrection and flight.
7. How did the South manage its slave population during the Civil War? (a) It established home guards to protect against insurrection and flight. (b) It enlisted slaves in the Army. (c) It kept potentially unruly slaves in shackles or prisons for much of the war. (d) It used them as spies against approaching Union troops. (e) It offered slaves money and better working conditions as incentives to aid the Confederate effort and prevent slave uprisings
D
7. Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except a. Vietnamization. b. extension of the war to Cambodia. c. massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam. d. increased American troop commitments. e. creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls.
was considered the "high tide of the Confederacy.
8. The 1863 Battle of Gettysburg (a) ended the civil war. (b) was considered the "high tide of the Confederacy." (c) was a decisive win for the South. (d) marked General Ulysses S. Grant's first Union victory. (e) enabled Union troops to claim the life of the masterful Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson.
D
8. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of a. marines. b. African Americans. c. soldiers in their middle and late twenties. d. the least privileged young Americans. e. professional career soldiers.
D
9. The __________ Amendment __________ the voting age to __________. a. Twenty-sixth, raised, twenty-one b. Twenty-fourth, lowered, eighteen c. Twenty-fifth, raised, nineteen d. Twenty-sixth, lowered, eighteen e. Twenty-sixth, lowered, sixteen
Vicksburg
9. Which of these battles proved to be General Grant's greatest showing in the war? (a) Shiloh (b) Port Hudson (c) Gettysburg (d) Fort Donelson (e) Vicksburg
1. When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy wanted to refocus the attention of the FBI on a. organized crime and civil rights. b. communist spies and terrorism. c. political corruption and campaign law violations. d. illegal immigration and drug trading. e. automobile theft and illegal weapons.
A
11. The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except a. U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo. b. the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from power in the Soviet Union. c. a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba. d. an ambitious program of military expansion by the Soviet Union. e. withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey.
A
14. John Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when he a. sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders. b. ordered the FBI to remove the wiretap from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s phone. c. secured passage of the Voting Rights Act. d. journeyed south to support the registration of black voters. e. ordered the immediate desegregation of schools.
A
20. President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at a. working with Congress. b. exciting the ideals and spirit of his fellow citizens. c. reducing America's overseas commitments. d. gaining the admiration and support of the media. e. appealing to America's European Allies.
A
30. After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to a. secure the right to vote. b. end discrimination in housing. c. gain equality in education. d. prohibit racial discrimination in employment. e. integrate private social clubs and organizations.
A
35. Some advocates of Black Power made the slogan the basis for a. emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism. b. upholding the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. c. supporting a movement "back to Africa." d. encouraging the end of racially based identity and culture. e. promoting affirmative action in education and employment.
A
8. The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in a. Latin America. b. Africa. c. Southeast Asia. d. Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. e. Western Europe.
A
All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible except a. government stimulation of the economy. b. rapid expansion of capital. c. increased productivity of workers. d. perfection of assembly-line production. e. advertising and credit buying.
A
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty. a. A, C, B b. B, C, A c. C, B, A d. C, A, B e. A, B, C
A
As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the following except a) control of labor b) control of corporations c) consumer protection d) conservation of natural resources e) an end to railroad rebates
A
As a result of America's insistence that its Allies' war debts be repaid in full, a. the French and British demanded enormous reparations payments from Germany. b. the German mark was ruined by drastic inflation. c. the Allies borrowed money from Switzerland to repay the loans. d. the United States began threatening renewed military intervention in Europe. e. the allies insisted on lower U.S. tariffs.
A
As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the tax burden on the a. middle-income groups. b. wealthy. c. lower class. d. business community. e. estate taxes.
A
Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment __________; the Twenty-first Amendment __________. a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition b. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment c. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office d. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration e. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition
A
By 1938, the New Deal a. had lost most of its momentum. b. turned more toward direct relief than social reform. c. had plainly failed to achieve its objectives. d. had won over the majority of business people to its policies. e. was prepared to embark on ambitious new initiatives
A
During the 1920s, the Supreme Court a. often ruled against progressive legislation. b. rigorously upheld the antitrust laws. c. generally promoted government regulation of the economy. d. staunchly defended the rights of organized labor. e. upheld laws providing special protection for women.
A
Franklin Roosevelt's initial "managed currency" policy aimed to a. stimulate inflation. b. reduce the price of gold. c. restore confidence in banks. d. reduce the amount of money in circulation. e. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.
A
In 1924 the Democratic party convention failed by a single vote to adopt a resolution condemning a. the Ku Klux Klan. b. immigration restrictions. c. prohibition. d. Fundamentalism. e. business monopolies.
A
In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California. b. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed. c. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl. d. find jobs for farmers in industry. e. help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.
A
In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he a. avoided attacking the New Deal. b. refused to raise the racial issue. c. declined to criticize Roosevelt for seeking a third term d. avoided attacking the draft. e. avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.
A
In 1971, a group of Vietnam War veterans in the U.S. a. tossed their medals in front of the Capital building to protest against the war. b. fought the antiwar movement with a demonstration on behalf of U.S. soldiers. c. protested the lack of medical care and benefits for returning soldiers. d. encouraged young men in Times Square, NY, to enlist in the U.S. military. e. supported expanded roles for women in the military.
A
In September 1938 in Munich, Germany, a. Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. b. Hitler declared his intention to take Austria. c. Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan. d. Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland. e. Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war.
A
In the 1979-1981 Iran Hostage Crisis A. the hostages were released on January 20th, 1981, the day President Reagan was inaugurated, after millions of dollars of gold were transferred to Iran B. President Jimmy Carter refused any negotiations with Iran to obtain the release of the 52 American hostages C. a night-time rescue effort by U.S. troops secured the hostages' release D. the Shah of Iran supported the Iranian capture of the American diplomats E. the student occupiers of the American Embassy treated the captured diplomats with deference and respect
A
Match the earl 20th century muckraker below with the target of his or her expose A. David Phillips 1. the U.S. Senate B. Ida Tarbell 2. the Standard Oil Company C. Lincoln Steffens 3. city governments D. Ray Stannard Baker 4. the conditions of blacks a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 c) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 d) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 e) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
A
Most Americans assumed that prohibition a. would be permanent. b. would soon be overturned. c. could never be enforced in the South. d. would be a total failure. e. was unworkable in the cities.
A
On the following, the one least related to the other three is a. the Securities and Exchange Commission. b. the Tennessee Valley Authority. c. George W. Norris. d. Muscle Shoals. e. hydroelectric power.
A
One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was a. the formal recognition of the Soviet Union. b. joining the League of Nations. c. establishing military bases in China. d. his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. e. his commitment to Philippine independence.
A
One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was a. overproduction. b. the inability to purchase modem farm equipment. c. passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill. d. the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws. e. drought and insects like the boll weevil.
A
One of the primary obstacles to working class solidarity and organization in America was a. ethnic diversity. b. the lack of a reform impulse in America. c. the generally fair treatment that workers received from their employers. d. the hostility of the Catholic Church to social reform. e. the growing Communist influence in the labor movement.
A
President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy a. lowered tariffs to increase trade. b. encouraged trade only with Latin America. c. continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War. d. was reversed only after World War 11. e. sought protection for key U.S. industries
A
President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following except a. providing direct aid to the people. b. directly assisting businesses and banks. c. keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system. d. continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism. e. lending federal funds to feed farm livestock.
A
Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the a) middle class b) lower class c) upper class d) new wave of immigrants e) small towns
A
Progressivism a) supported many reforms advocated by feminists b) offered little to the ever-growing women's movement c) supported only the demand for woman suffrage d) followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe e) reflected the views of working-class women
A
Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding a. sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley. b. hoped to encourage the government actively to assist business along the path to profits. c. sought to regulate the policies of large corporations. d. aimed at supporting increased competition in business. e. aided small business at the expense of big business.
A
The "boat people" were a. Vietnamese immigrants who fled to the U.S. immediately after the fall of Saigon. b. Cuban refugees who fled communism and landed in Florida. c. a second wave of Vietnamese people who sought to escape oppressive communist regimes for freedom. d. Cambodians who came to the U.S. seeking a better life after the Vietnam War. e. None of these
A
The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except a. a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists. b. a direct challenge to the Axis dictators. c. the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned. d. the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production. e. another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.
A
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the "farm problem" by a. reducing agricultural production. b. subsidizing American farm exports overseas. c. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment. d. helping farmers to pay their mortgages.
A
The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for a. a balanced budget. b. deficit spending. c. higher tariffs. d. radical social reforms. e. breaking up monopolistic corporations.
A
The Federal Farm Board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act, lent money to farmers primarily to help them to a. organize producers' cooperatives. b. learn a new and more profitable trade. c. open new land to cultivation. d. purchase expensive new farm machinery. e. take land out of production.
A
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government. b. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims. c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887. d. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government. e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.
A
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because a. President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaysia or the Philippines. b. no American officials suspected that Japan might start a war with the United States. c. Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the United States. d. the United States was, at the time, Japan's main source of oil and steel. e. it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach Hawaii.
A
The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to a. employers. b. skilled workers. c. the unemployed. d. trade associations. e. unskilled workers. The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to a. employers. b. skilled workers. c. the unemployed. d. trade associations. e. unskilled workers.
A
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, a. Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations. b. America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of aggression. c. American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the warring nations. d. the United States intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas. e. U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring nations.
A
The Teapot Dome scandal involved the corrupt mishandling of a. naval oil reserves. b. funds for veterans' hospitals. c. the budget for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d. European war-debt payments. e. presidential pardons.
A
The Works Progress Administration was a major __________ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a __________ long-range program; and the Social Security Act was a ___________ major program. a. relief; recovery; reform b. reform; recovery; relief c. recovery; relief; reform d. relief; reform; recovery e. reform; relief; recovery
A
The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling a) declared a law limiting work to 10 hours a day unconstitutional b) declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers c) declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment d) upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers e) ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns
A
The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was a. Poland. b. Czechoslovakia. c. Austria. d. Belgium. e. the Jews.
A
The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its efforts in a. electrical power. b. flood control. c. soil conservation. d. reforestation. e. resettlement of poor farmers.
A
The most tenacious pursuer of "radical" elements during the red scare was a. Frederick W. Taylor. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. J. Edgar Hoover. d. F. Scott Fitzgerald. e. A. Mitchell Palmer.
A
The panic of 1907 stimulated reform in ______________ policy. a) banking b) tariff c) land-use d) industrial e) stock-trading
A
The prosperity that developed in the 1920s a. was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt. b. led to a growing level of savings by the American public c. enabled labor unions to gain strength. d. was concentrated primarily in heavy industry. e. closed the gap between rich and poor.
A
The result of the Persian Gulf War was that a. Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power. b. the United States and Iraq bogged down in a stalemate in the desert. c. the United States won the war with air power alone. d. the tensions in the Middle East were substantially reduced. e. Saddam Hussein was overthrown by rebel Iraqis who received American aid.
A
The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was a. Wendell L. Willkie. b. Robert A. Taft. c. Thomas E. Dewey. d. Alfred E. Landon. e. Charles A. Lindbergh.
A
Theodore Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because a) William H. Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies b) Taft decided not to run for a second term c) he was drafted by the Republican party d) Sen. Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so e) the Democratic Party was split
A
Warren G. Harding's weaknesses as president included all of the following except a (n) a. lack of political experience. b. mediocre mind. c. inability to detect moral weaknesses in his associates. d. unwillingness to hurt people's feelings by saying no. e. administrative weakness.
A
Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement? a) ending special regulations governing women in the workplace b) preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops c) insuring that food products were healthy and safe d) attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements e) creating pensions for mothers with dependent children
A
While president, Theodore Roosevelt a) greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency b) showed no skill and little interest in working with Congress c) was a poor judge of public opinion d) was surprisingly unpopular with the public e) held rigidly to ideological principles
A
By 1910, all of the following were true about women's efforts to gain the vote except
A federal amendment granting the right to vote was about to be passed
b) France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government.
A victory at Antietam probably would have won Confederate independence because a) the Union armies were already heavily demoralized. b) France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government. c) the Republicans would have lost the subsequent congressional elections. d) Lincoln would have been unable to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. e) the Border States would have joined the Confederacy.
39. Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, (C) Hitler-Stalin non-aggression treaty. a) A, C, B b) B, C, A c) C, B, A d) C, A, B e) A, B, C
A, C, B
Match each New Deal critic below with the cause or slogan that he promoted. A. Father Coughlin 1. "social justice" B. Huey Long 2. "every man a king" C. Francis Townsend 3. "a holy crusade for liberty" D. Herbert Hoover 4. "$200 a month for everyone over 60"
A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization agency that he directed.
A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party.
A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 (E)
Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or program with which he or she was closely identified. A. Robert Wagner 1. Department of Labor B. Harry Hopkins 2. Public Works Administration. C. Harold Ickes 3. Works Progress Administration D. Frances Perkins 4. National Labor Relations Act
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or program with which he or she was closely identified.
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 (B)
Match each New Deal critic below with the cause or slogan that he promoted.
A-l, B-2, C-4, D-3 (A)
The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920s was
A. Mitchell Palmer. (E)
Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization agency that he directed. A. George Creel B. Herbert Hoover C. Bernard Baruch D. William Howard Taft 1. War Industries Board 2. Committee on Public Information 3. Food Administration 4. National War Labor Board
A:2, B:3, C:1, D:4
Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will. a. education b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt c. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt d. affliction with infantile paralysis e. service in World War I
Affliction with infantile paralysis
The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was a. women. b. factory workers. c. African Americans. d. skilled men. e. immigrants.
African Americans
One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that a. the South had shifted to the Republican party. b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest. c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans. d. a clear gender gap opened up in which more women favored the Democrats. e. African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.
African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party
One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that
African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party. (E)
d) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments.
African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War a) carried out reprisals against captured slaveowners. b) served mainly in military support units. c) served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties. d) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments. e) refused to serve under white officers.
e) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of a) taking too many risks. b) relying on Lincoln's military judgment. c) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops. d) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle. e) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.
c) invade the Union via Maryland.
After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E. Lee decided to a) consolidate his forces to protect the Confederate capital. b) send Jeb Stuart's calvary to raid northern lines. c) invade the Union via Maryland. d) call for a ceasefire and peace negotiations. e) shift some of his troops to the Tennessee and Kentucky fronts.
e) was removed from his field command.
After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan a) retired from the military. b) moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg. c) was appointed to command the main Western army. d) marched his army toward Atlanta. e) was removed from his field command.
e) striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.
After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except a) cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi River. b) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas. c) blockading the Confederacy's coastline. d) liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy. e) striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.
Native Americans responded to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 a. with some thrilled by its efforts to stop the loss of Indian lands. b. with many Indians rejecting its provisions to organize tribes and tribal governments. c. by denouncing it as a "back to the blanket" measure. d. All of these e. None of these
All of These
The American population in 1900 can best be described as
All of the above
d) growing upper-class European support for the Union.
All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except a) mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war." b) sharp increases in Union desertions. c) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration. d) growing upper-class European support for the Union. e) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.
Progressive reformers included which of the following?
All of these
Wilson's progressive programs provided relief to
All of these (D)
"Operation Rolling Thunder" was the code name for?
American bombing raids on North Vietnam.
14. The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, a) Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations b) America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of aggression c) American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the warring nations d) U.S. diplomats intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas e) U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring nations
Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war
Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations
a) black slavery. c) extreme states' rights. e) over a million men dead or wounded.
Among the casualties of the Civil War were a) black slavery. b) presidential power. c) extreme states' rights. d) democratic ideals. e) over a million men dead or wounded.
The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved a. increasing the level of production. b. developing expanded markets of people to buy their products. c. reducing the level of government involvement in business. d. developing technologically innovative products. e. finding a skilled labor force.
B
e) A. D, B, C.
Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and (D) the Battle of Antietam. a) B, C, A, D b) D, B, C, A c) C, A, D, B d) A, B, D, C e) A, D, B, C
d) the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign a) Robert E. Lee was named to command the entire Southern army. b) Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces. c) Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. d) the Union turned to a strategy of total war. e) Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.
c) Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
As a result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign a) Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces. b) the North decided to fight a war of containment. c) Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation. d) Lincoln decided that the key to the war was controlling the Mississippi River. e) the Union commanders were left without an overall military strategy.
e) a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.
As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was a) a master of the quick, surprising attack. b) careful to avoid "collateral damage" to civilian lives and property. c) a believer in siege warfare. d) insistent on maintaining strict military discipline among his troops. e) a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.
d) Quick military action to show the folly of secession
At the beginning of the Civil War, Pres. Abraham Lincoln favored a) Postpone the military actions as long as possible b) Making the Civil War about ending slavery c.) Long-term enlistments for Union soldiers d) Quick military actions to show the folly of secession e) Seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
b) Bull Run
At the beginning of the Civil War, in 1861, the South won the battle of a) Vicksburg. b) Bull Run. c) Gettysburg. d) Atlanta. e) Lookout Mountain.
13. At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he a. did not support civil rights. b. needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation. c. had not pledged any action in this area during his campaign. d. believed that initiatives in this area should come from the Supreme Court and Congress. e. was suspicious of Martin Luther King.
B
18. President Kennedy's alleged assassin was a. Jack Ruby. b. Lee Harvey Oswald. c. Medgar Evers. d. James Earl Ray. e. an agent of Fidel Castro.
B
19. Before he became Vice President and then President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as a. Secretary of Defense. b. Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate. c. a wealthy Texas businessman. d. governor of Texas. e. Speaker of the House of Representatives.
B
22. With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, a. the United States declared war on Vietnam. b. Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam. c. the military was given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons. d. Congress maintained its war-declaring power. e. the goals of American military involvement in Vietnam were clear.
B
33. Black leaders in the 1960s included, ___________ an advocate of peaceable resistance; ___________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power." a. Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael c. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael; Malcolm X d. Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X e. Malcolm X; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael
B
37. Aerial bombardment in Vietnam a. worked very well. b. strengthened the communists' will to resist. c. strengthened the will of America's South Vietnamese allies to fight. d. had no effect on the war. e. destroyed North Vietnamese industry.
B
40. During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to a. lead an invasion of Cambodia. b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors. c. infiltrate FBI headquarters. d. help destabilize the government of Thailand. e. protect prowar presidential candidates.
B
41. The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed a. a long deadlock over the nomination of its presidential candidate. b. a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall. c. a walkout by hundreds of southern delegates, who then founded the Independent party. d. the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy soon after he delivered a speech at the convention. e. the enthusiastic nomination of Vice President Humphrey.
B
9. Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Tet b. Bay of Pigs c. Place d. Gulf of Tonkin e. Operation Rolling Thunder
B
After the initial shock of the Harding scandals, many Americans reacted by a. demanding that all those involved be sent to prison. b. excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that "they had gotten away with it." c. demanding the impeachment of the president. d. suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so that Calvin Coolidge could take control. e. calling for a thorough Congressional investigation.
B
As one progressive explained, the 'real heart' of the progressive movement was to a) preserve world peace b) use the government as an agency of human welfare c) ensure the Jeffersonian style of government d) reinstate the policy of laissez faire e) to promote economic and social equality
B
As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of a. encouraging Mexican immigration into the United States. b. removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama. c. Latin American strongmen in Argentina and Brazil. d. returning the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control. e. moving Puerto Rico toward its independence.
B
Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures a. were less popular than had been anticipated. b. contributed to the standardization of American life. c. had little impact on traditional life-styles and values. d. were for the most part too expensive for ordinary working families. e. strengthened American family life.
B
Businesspeople used the red scare to a. establish closed shops throughout the nation. b. break the backs of fledgling unions. c. break the railroad strike of 1919. d. secure passage of laws making unions illegal. e. refuse to hire Communists.
B
During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of a. farmers And wage earners. b. the business community. c. racial and ethnic minorities. d. progressive reformers. e. conservative New Englanders.
B
Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from a. women. b. eastern city dwellers. c. Westerners. d. southerners. e. evangelical Protestants.
B
Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because a. its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard. b. any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression. c. such an agreement would involve the United States militarily with the League of Nations. d. the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade. e. it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.
B
Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his a. personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie. b. belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis. c. mania for power. d. opposition to Willkie's pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality. e. belief that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice.
B
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for a. ending the Great Depression. b. providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism. c. undermining state and local governments. d. aiding big cities at the expense of farmers. e. attacking the American capitalist system.
B
Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" in 1937 resulted in a. a belief in Europe that America would stop Fascist aggression. b. a wave of protest by isolationists. c. support from both Democratic and Republican leaders. d. a slowing of Japanese aggression in China. e. a modification of the Neutrality Acts.
B
Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of a. increased migration of blacks to the North. b. the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans. c. a desire to rid the country of the quota system. d. the desire to halt immigration from Latin America. e. growing concern about urban overcrowding and crime.
B
In America, the Great Depression caused a. people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems. b. a decade-long decline in the birthrate. c. an increase of foreign investment because prices were so low. d. a shift from Wall Street investment to investment in small, local businesses. e. a growing acceptance by business of the need for federal regulation.
B
In response to the Soviet Union's military presence in Afghanistan in 1980, A. the United Nations Security Council authorized the dispatch of troops to aid in peacekeeping B. the U.S. and several other western nations boycotted the Moscow Olympic Games C. the U.S. invaded Afghanistan D. NATO authorized airstrikes along the Pakistan-Afghan border E. Iranian students held Americans hostage in the American Embassy in Tehran for almost a year
B
In the early 1920s, one glaring exception to America's general indifference to the outside world was its a. involvement in the World Court. b. armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central America. c. involvement in the League of Nations' humanitarian operations. d. naval buildup
B
Japan believed that it was forced into war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan a. withdraw from the Dutch East Indies. b. withdraw from China. c. renew its trade with America. d. break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany. e. find alternative sources of oil.
B
John Dewey can rightly be called the "father of __________" a. the research university b. progressive education c. evolutionary science d. modem psychoanalysis e. Hegelian philosophy
B
Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, is known for all of the following except a. promoting the resettlement of American blacks in Africa. b. establishing the idea of the talented tenth to lead African Americans. c. cultivating feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks. d. being sent to prison after a conviction for fraud. e. promoting black-owned businesses.
B
Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or program with which he or she was closely identified. A. Robert Wagner 1. Department of Labor B. Harry Hopkins 2. Public Works Administration. C. Harold Ickes 3. Works Progress Administration D. Frances Perkins 4. National Labor Relations Act a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b. A-4, B-3, C-2, D- l c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
B
Match each member of President Harding's cabinet below with his major area of responsibility. A. Charles Evans Hughes B. Andrew Mellon C. Herbert Hoover D. Albert Fall E. Harry Daugherty 1. taxes and tariffs 2. naval oil reserves 3. naval arms limitation 4. foreign trade and trade associations 5. justice and law enforcement a. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-4, E-l b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2, E-5 c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-5, E-l d. A-4, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-2 e. A-1, B-2, C-5, D-3, E-4
B
On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans a. were beginning to question the increased aid given to Britain. b. still wanted to keep the United States out of war. c. accepted the idea that America would enter the war. d. did not oppose Japan's conquests in East Asia. e. were ready to fight Germany but not Japan
B
One of the more disturbing trends that became apparent in the 1990s was a. a movement toward more equitable income distribution. b. a decline in median household incomes and a squeeze on the middle class. c. an increasing number of working class Americans now moving into the middle class. d. a dramatic drop in home ownership and mortgage lending. e. the solidification of the welfare state.
B
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following except a. abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas. b. a decline in the navy and other armed forces. c. making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims. d. spurring aggressors along their path of conquest. e. balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither.
B
Progressive reform at the level of city government seeme4d to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was a) democratic participation b) governmental efficiency c) free enterprise d) economic equality e) urban planning
B
Progressives who were among the strongest critics of injustice in early-twentieth-century America, received much of their inspiration from a) the Federalists b) the Greenback Labor party and the Populists c) foreign nations d) progressive theorists, like Jacob Riis e) social Darwinists
B
Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead brought widespread contributions to the field of a. economics. b. political science. c. psychology. d. sociology. e. anthropology.
B
The 1932 Stimson doctrine a. reversed the United States' long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America. b. committed the United States to join the League of Nations' effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan for its invasion of Manchuria. c. announced the United States' willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy. d. declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms. e. declared Japan and Germany "rogue states
B
The 1936 election was most notable for a. a strong third-party effort by the American Liberty League. b. its reflection of a bitter class struggle between the poor and the rich. c. the large number of blacks who still voted Republican out of gratitude to Abraham Lincoln. d. Roosevelt's loss of support among post-immigration Catholics and Jews. e. the strong race run by Kansas Governor Alfred Landon
B
The Americans With Disabilities Act a. passed only when Congress overrode President George H. W. Bush's veto. b. prohibited discrimination against 43 million citizens facing mental or physical challenges. c. required the government to hire disabled Americans. d. provided scholarships and student loans to people with physical or mental disabilities. e. none of these
B
The Iran-Contra Affair essentially involved a. hiring Iranian militants to fight for the Contra cause in Central America. b. selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan Contras. c. selling arms to both sides in the Iran-Iraq War. d. secretly recognizing the Iranian regime while claiming to be boycotting it. e. using both Iranian and Nicaraguan Contra agents to help free American hostages in Lebanon.
B
The National Recovery Act (NRA) failed largely because a. businesses resisted regulation by the agency. b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public. c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator. d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management. e. the agency did not have enough power to control business.
B
The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because a. it could not win the farm vote. b. too many people shared in prosperity to care about reform. c. it was too caught up in internal discord. d. the liberal vote was split between it and the Democratic Party. e. La Follette could not win the Socialists' endorsement.
B
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established to a. provide direct economic assistance to labor. b. make loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments. c. outlaw "yellow dog" (antiunion) contracts. d. provide money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River. e. lend money for federal public works projects.
B
The U.S. military refused to bomb Nazi gas chambers such as those at Auschwitz and Dachau because of the belief that a. bombing would kill the Jews kept there. b. bombing would divert essential military resources. c. the military was unsure of the gas chambers' location. d. such attacks would not seriously impede the killing of Jews. e. all of the above.
B
The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following except a. the consolidation of schools. b. the increased dependence of women on men. c. the spread of suburbs. d. a loss of population in less attractive states. e. altered youthful sexual behavior.
B
The idea of 'multiple-use resource management' included all of the following practices except a) recreation b) damming of rivers c) sustained-yield logging d) summer stock grazing e) watershed protection
B
The intended beneficiaries of the McNary-Haugen Bill were __________; the intended beneficiaries of the Norris-LaGuardia Act were __________. a. railroads; labor unions b. farmers; labor unions c. banks; railroads d. farmers; banks e. railroads; farmers
B
The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the 17th and 18th amendments added to the Constitution. The 17th called for ________________, and the 18th called for _______________, a) prohibition; woman suffrage b) direct election of U.S. senators; prohibition c) woman suffrage; income taxes d) income taxes; direct election of U.S. senators e) woman suffrage; direct election of U.S. senators
B
The real purpose of Theodore Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to a) fragment big business b) prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country c) halt the trend toward combination and integration in business d) establish himself as a bigger 'trustbuster' than William Howard Taft e) inspire confidence in small business owners
B
When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the a) unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry b) plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry c) corruption in the U.S. senate d) deplorable conditions in the drug industry e) unhealthy effects of beef consumption
B
Which of the following was not among prominent African American cultural figures of the 1920s? a. Joseph "King" Oliver. b. Ralph Ellison. c. "Jelly Roll" Morton. d. Langston Hughes. e. W.C. Handy.
B
The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass A) mandatory fire escape plans for all businesses employing more than ten people. B) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries. C) restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry. D) zoning regulations governing where factories could be located. E) laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.
B) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries.
Among the major figures promoted by mass media image makers and the new sports industry in the 1920s were
Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey. (C)
18. In September 1938 in Munich, Germany, a) Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia b) Hitler declared his intention to take Austria c) Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan d) Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland e) Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war
Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
In September 1938 in Munich, German
Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
a) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.
Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because a) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war. b) the British government clearly supported the Union. c) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade. d) profits were not high enough to justify the risk. e) the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments.
America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made to them during World War I because a. the United States had owed them about $4 billion before the war. b. the amount of money involved was not significant. c. they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt. d. the United States was making so much money from Mexican and Middle Eastern oil that it did not need extra dollars. e. Germany was not paying its reparations to them, so they could not afford to pay off the loans.
C
12. In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on a. flexible response. b. massive retaliation. c. peaceful coexistence. d. gradual escalation. e. containment.
C
17. At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill a. had been passed, much to the satisfaction of African Americans. b. had been passed, but greatly weakened by amendments. c. seemed to be stalled in Congress. d. was on the desk waiting to be signed into law. e. was locked in a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
C
2. When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through a. a massive foreign-aid program. b. large-scale government spending programs. c. a tax cut. d. reducing expenditures on the space program. e. a looser monetary policy.
C
24. Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid a. only to public schools. b. in smaller amounts than John Kennedy had. c. to public and parochial schools. d. to little avail. e. to higher education only.
C
25. All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except a. the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. b. Project Head Start. c. the Peace Corps. d. Medicare. e. the Office of Economic Opportunity.
C
29. The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the a. Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. Twenty-fourth Amendment. d. War on Poverty. e. Twenty-fifth Amendment.
C
32. The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized a. the still-troubled racial situation in the South. b. the rise of the Black Muslim movement in Los Angeles. c. a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement. d. the power of Martin Luther King in the black community. e. the ineffectiveness of the Voting Rights Act.
C
36. The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged Communist influence was a. Argentina. b. El Salvador. c. the Dominican Republic d. Panama. e. Mexico.
C
39. The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy a. came with the bombing of Cambodia. b. occurred when Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resigned. c. was the Tet offensive of 1968. d. occurred when Senator J. William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee held public hearings on the war. e. came with the revelation that the Tonkin Gulf attacks had been provoked by the U.S.
C
45. The "three P'S" that largely explain the cultural upheavals of the 1960s are a. poverty, political radicalism, and protest against authority. b. public schools, parietal rules, and parental restrictions. c. population bulge, protest against Vietnam, and prosperity. d. patriotism, prowar enthusiasm, and perfectionism. e. the "pill," pot, and popular rock music.
C
5. John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response" a. was an updated version of John Foster Dulles's doctrine of massive retaliation. b. was used in his battle with the leadership of the steel industry. c. called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis. d. required increased spending on a variety of nuclear weapons systems to be deployed around the world. e. cut back nuclear weapons in favor of guerilla forces.
C
7. American military forces entered Vietnam in order to a. try to drive the communists out of North Vietnam. b. help to stage a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem. c. prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists. d. establish defensive perimeters around Saigon and other Vietnamese cities. e. promote democratic reforms in South Vietnam.
C
According to John Dewey, a teacher's primary goal is to a. reduce permissiveness in the classroom. b. emphasize the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic. c. educate a student for life. d. teach the biblical theory of Creation. e. develop a sense of history.
C
After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk, a. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act. b. the United States Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments. c. Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels. d. Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones. e. Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent.
C
All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except a. dry-farming techniques. b. drought. c. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment. d. the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains. e. soil erosion.
C
Among the major figures promoted by mass media image makers and the new "sports industry" in the 1920s were a. John L. Sullivan and William Cody. b. Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh c. Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey. d. Al Jolson and Margaret Sanger. e. Mickey Mantle and Rocky Marciano.
C
As president, William Howard Taft a) was a good judge of public opinion b) held together the diverse wings of the Republican party c) was wedded more to the status quo than to change d) adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress e) carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt
C
Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic made him an American hero especially because a. his political principles were widely admired. b. he and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh made such an appealing couple. c. his wholesome youthfulness contrasted with the cynicism and debunking of the jazz age. d. Americans were impressed by daredevil stunts. e. Lindbergh's journey opened closer cultural connections to France.
C
Congressman Gerald Ford had become vice president of the United States when a. Nelson Rockefeller resigned the vice presidency to become governor of New York. b. Spiro Agnew resigned on corruption charges and Nixon appointed Ford under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment. c. he was selected to replace Spiro Agnew as Nixon's vice president in the 1972 campaign. d. Nixon was impeached and Congress needed to select a new president. e. the Twenty-Fifth Amendment made the Speaker of the House vice president in case of potential impeachment.
C
Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except a. denounce "radical" foreign ideas. b. condemn "un-American" life-styles. c. enter a decade of economic difficulties. d. shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries. e. restrict immigration.
C
During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following except a) expand presidential power b) shape the progressive movement c) aid the cause of the environment d) provide an international perspective e) tame capitalism
C
Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of __________, Hitler's invasion of __________, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of __________. a. Egypt; France; Poland b. Albania; Italy; Austria c. Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain d. Belgium; the Soviet Union; France e. Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of __________, Hitler's invasion of __________, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of __________. a. Egypt; France; Poland b. Albania; Italy; Austria c. Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain d. Belgium; the Soviet Union; France e. Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal
C
In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States a. "most favored nation" status. b. a role in developing the atomic bomb. c. eight valuable naval bases in the Western hemisphere. d. access to German military codes. e. six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.
C
In the 1920s the Fordney-McCumber Tariff __________ tariff rates and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff __________ tariff rates, so that by1930the tariff rates had been substantially __________ from the opening of the decade. a. raised; lowered; lowered b. lowered; raised; raised c. raised; raised; raised d. lowered; lowered; lowered e. raised; lowered; raised
C
Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of a. abortion rights. b. women's suffrage. c. birth control. d. free love. e. the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
C
Match each late-19th century social critic below with the target of his criticism. A. Thorstein Veblen 1. 'bloated trusts' B. Jack London 2. 'slum conditions' C. Jacob Riis 3. 'conspicuous consumption' D. Henry Demarest Lloyd 4. destruction of nature a) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 b) A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 e) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
C
Most "Okies" in California escaped the deprivation and uncertainty of seasonal farm labor when they a. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley. b. found work in the canning industry. c. found jobs in defense industries during World War II. d. joined the armed forces in World War II. e. formed evangelical religious communes.
C
Of the following legislation aimed at resource conservation, the only one associated with Theodore Roosevelt's presidency was the a) Desert Land Act b) Forest Reserve Act c) Newlands Act d) Cary Act e) Clean Water Act
C
Of the following, the one least related to the other four is a. John T. Scopes. b. Clarence Darrow. c. Frederick W. Taylor. d. William Jennings Bryan. e. Dayton, Tennessee.
C
One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that a) the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners b) for a time the mines were seized by the national government and operated by federal troops c) the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute d) the owners quickly agreed to negotiate with labor representatives in order to settle their differences peacefully e) it generated widespread middle-class support
C
Political progressivism a) made little difference in American life b) died out shortly after Teddy Roosevelt stepped down as president c) emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government d) was more a minority movement than a majority mood e) began in Northeastern big cities
C
President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of __________________ trusts. a) dissolving b) ignoring c) regulating d) collusion with e) monitoring
C
President Roosevelt's "Court-packing" scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court a. more conservative. b. more independent of Congress. c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs. d. less burdened with appellate cases. e. more respectful of the Constitution's original intent.
C
President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed a) big-stick diplomacy b) the Open Door policy c) the Good Neighbor policy d) dollar diplomacy e) sphere-of-influence diplomacy
C
Probably the greatest obstacle to America's acceptance of more Jewish refugees from Europe was a. a failure of moral imagination and belief that the Holocaust could actually be happening. b. internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish communities in the United States. c. the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924. d. inadequate means for getting refugees from Europe to the United States. e. the general belief that most Jews wanted to create a new state of Israel.
C
Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly a. in order to win support from American Catholics. b. because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies. c. in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany. d. to win favor with American liberals and leftists. e. to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields.
C
Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union, a. Britain and France signed a similar agreement. b. the Soviets attacked China. c. Germany invaded Poland and started World War II. d. Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets. e. the Germans invaded Finland.
C
The 1920 census revealed that for the first time most a. men worked in manufacturing. b. adult women were employed outside the home. c. Americans lived in cities. d. Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West. e. families had fewer than four children.
C
The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act a. raised America's tariff schedule. b. inhibited President Roosevelt's efforts to implement his Good Neighbor policy. c. increased America's foreign trade. d. was most strongly opposed in the South and West. e. was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany.
C
The 1973 War Powers Act a. gave the president the power to commit troops without declaring war. b. compelled President Nixon to end the secret bombing war in Cambodia. c. required presidential reporting and congressional approval of extended troop commitments. d. ended the military draft and created an all-volunteer army. e. required Congress to approve funds for military operations.
C
The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand a. the removal of American troops from Nicaragua. b. an expanded American army and navy. c. immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans. d. punishment for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C. e. housing and health care assistance for veterans.
C
The most colorful presidential candidate of the 1920s was a. Calvin Coolidge. b. John W. Davis. c. Alfred E. Smith. d. Herbert Hoover. e. Robert La Follette.
C
The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933was a. a chaotic banking situation. b. the national debt. c. the need to silence demagogic rabble-rousers such as Huey Long. d. the collapse of international trade. e. the farm crisis.
C
The most vigorous "champion of the dispossessed"- that is, the poor and minorities- in Roosevelt administration circles was a. Harold Ickes. b. Alfred E. Smith. c. Eleanor Roosevelt. d. Frances Perkins. e. Henry A. Wallace.
C
The phrase "Hundred Days" refers to a. the worst months of the Great Depression. b. the time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression. c. the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. d. the "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration. e. the time that all banks were closed by FDR.
C
The post-World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except a. fundamentalist religion. b. opposition to birth control. c. opposition to prohibition. d. repression of pacifists. e. anti-Catholicism.
C
The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government a) brought democracy to urban dwellers b) was developed in Wisconsin c) was designed to remove politics from municipal administration d) made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson e) opened urban politics to new immigrants
C
The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass a) mandatory fire escape plans for all business employing more than ten people b) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries c) restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry d) zoning regulations governing where factories could be located e) laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns
C
The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they a) provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions b) broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers c) introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns d) helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare e) became the launching pads for women seeking political office
C
Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as a) an ardent defender of American individualism b) a near-socialist c) a middle-of-the-road politician d) a champion 'trustbuster' e) a political elitist
C
Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of international disarmament because a. he feared renewed war in Europe. b. he recognized that an arms race was imminent. c. businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger United States Navy. d. he did not want the League of Nations to take the lead on this problem. e. American public opinion supported peacemaking efforts.
C
When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933, a. Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority. b. he knew exactly what he wanted to do. c. he received unprecedented congressional support. d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible. e. he at first proceeded cautiously.
C
Which of the following splits did not affect the Democratic party in 1924? a. "wets" versus "drys" b. immigrants versus old-stock Americans c. urbanites versus suburbanites d. Fundamentalists versus Modernists e. northern liberals versus southern conservatives
C
Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to a. Oklahoma. b. Arizona. c. Nevada. d. Oregon. e. California.
California
The western preservationists suffered their worst political setback when
California's Hetch Hetchy Valley was dammed to supply water to San Francisco
The zeal of federal agents in enforcing prohibition laws against liquor smugglers strained U.S. diplomatic relations with
Canada. (A)
Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources except
Catholic missionaries. (D)
As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the ____, while Russia and France were among the ____.
Central Powers; Allies (E)
The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the 1920s was
Chicago. (D)
The single most popular New Deal program was probably the a. Works Progress Administration. b. Agricultural Adjustment Act. c. National Recovery Administration. d. Civilian Conservation Corps. e. Tennessee Valley Authority.
Civilian Conservation Corps
The single most popular New Deal program was probably the
Civilian Conservation Corps. (D)
Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carta."
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (C)
c) Copperhead.
Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a a) Carpetbagger. b) Contraband. c) Copperhead. d) Doughface. e) Prince of Jesters.
After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk
Congress allowed the arming of the US merchant vessels
16. The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King, Jr., provided critical support for a. the War on Poverty. b. the Democratic party. c. the Voting Rights bill. d. the civil rights bill to end segregation. e. jobs and medicare.
D
Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except
Cuba. (D)
19. In 1938 the British and French brought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of a) Poland b) The free city of Danzig c) Austria d) Belgium e) Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
In 1938, the british and French brought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of
Czechoslovakia
"Cultural pluralists" like Horace Kallen and Randolph generally advocated that a. English should be established as the official language of the United States. b. diverse religious beliefs could coexist peacefully in the United States. c. immigrants to the United States could remain politically loyal to their original nations. d. immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American "melting pot." e. a varied American cultural life should resist the bland standardization of mass culture.
D
26. In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs a. did no good at all. b. actually increased the poverty rate. c. proved that poverty could not be papered over with greenbacks. d. won some noteworthy battles in education and health care. e. received more money than they could effectively spend.
D
3. In the early 1960s French President Charles de Gaulle a. proposed a multinational nuclear force under NATO control. b. sought closer ties with Britain and the United States. c. favored an economically and militarily united "Atlantic Community." d. resisted American by developing an independent French nuclear force. e. fought to hold onto the French empire in Africa and Vietnam.
D
31. As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a. whites left the South in record numbers. b. centuries of discrimination and oppression ended. c. whites refused to do business with blacks. d. white southerners began to court black votes. e. the South became strongly Democratic.
D
42. The "spoiler" third-party candidate for president in 1968 was a. Robert F. Kennedy. b. Hubert H. Humphrey. c. Eugene McCarthy. d. George Wallace. e. George McGovern.
D
44. The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s a. was a new phenomenon for America. b. had been imported from Europe. c. touched all institutions except religion. d. had deep historical roots in American culture. e. arose from the music and drugs of the time.
D
According to the text, Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement may have been a) the Panama Canal b) his trust busting c) mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War d) his efforts supporting the environment e) his efforts at consumer protection
D
All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith except his a. Catholic religion. b. support for the repeal of prohibition. c. big-city background. d. failure to win the support of American labor. e. radio speaking skill.
D
America's neutrality effectively ended when a. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. b. Germany attacked Poland. c. the conscription law was passed in 1940. d. France fell to Germany. e. Italy "stabbed France in the back."
D
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, (B) Atlantic Conference, (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. a. B, A, C b. A, B, C c. C, B, A d. A, C, B e. C, A, B
D
As a result of the 1937 "Roosevelt recession," a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments. b. Social Security taxes were reduced. c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938. d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics. e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.
D
During the 1930s, the United States admitted __________ Jewish refugees from Nazism. a. about one million b. almost no c. nearly six million d. about 150,000 e. only highly educated
D
Franklin Roosevelt's __________ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will. a. education b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt c. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt d. affliction with infantile paralysis e. service in World War I
D
Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best known for his a. development of the gasoline engine. b. thoughts on Darwinian evolution. c. efforts to clean up polluted cities. d. promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management. e. concern for worker safety.
D
From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence: a. embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry. b. cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo. c. lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo. d. embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease. e. lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.
D
In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by a. treaty obligations. b. doubts about the islands' potential profitability. c. the view that the islands were militarily indefensible. d. the realization that the islands were economic liabilities. e. regrets over their imperialistic takeover in 1898.
D
In response to the League of Nations' investigation into Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria, a. the United States became an official member of the League. b. Japan withdrew its troops. c. it initiated a boycott of Japanese goods. d. Japan left the League. e. the U.S. and China moved toward an alliance.
D
Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources except a. agents from U.S. railroads. b. letters from friends and relatives. c. agents from steamship lines. d. Catholic missionaries. e. Polish American businesspeople.
D
Match each New Deal critic below with the "cause" or slogan that he promoted. A. Father Coughlin 1. "social justice" B. Huey Long 2. "every man a king" C. Francis Townsend 3. "a holy crusade for liberty" D. Herbert Hoover 4. old-age pensions a. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 e. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2
D
Match each literary figure below with the correct work. A. Ernest Hemingway B. F. Scott Fitzgerald C. Sinclair Lewis D. William Faulkner 1. The Sun Also Rises 2. Main Street 3. The Sound and the Fury 4. The Great Gatsby a. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 d. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D
Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to a) formulate a consistent philosophy of social reform b) explain the causes of social ills c) devise solutions to society's problems d) make the public aware of social problems e) link up with movements for social justice
D
One exception to President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism involved in the Middle East, where the United States sought to a. support a homeland for Jews in Israel. b. prevent the League of Nations from establishing British and French protectorates in the region. c. stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area. d. secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies. e. curb the rise of Arab nationalism.
D
__________ was (were) adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of World War I. a. The cement industry b. The railroad industry c. The shipping industry d. Veterans e. Organized labor
E
President Nixon's 1970 invasion of Cambodia led to a. a successful suppression of Viet Cong gains in South Vietnam. b. congressional approval for an expanded war effort. c. a growing threat from China to enter the war on the side of North Vietnam. d. dramatic new waves of bitter domestic protest against the war. e. an end to the secret American bombing campaign against Cambodia.
D
The "alphabetical agency" set up under Hoover's administration to provide aid to business and local governments was the a. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) b. National Recovery Administration (NRA) c. Works Progress Administration (WPA) d. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) e. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
D
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration aroused bitter opposition among many business people because a. they undermined strong efforts that businesses were already making to protect the environment and worker safety. b. the agencies were financed by new corporate business taxes. c. most business leaders were hostile to improvements in the environment or safety. d. they directly involved the federal government in many aspects of business decision making. e. they operated under laws passed by an antibusiness administration.
D
The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to a. halt the sale of stocks on margin (i.e. with borrowed funds). b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government. c. prevent interlocking directorates and business "pyramiding" schemes. d. provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices. e. enable the Chicago Board of Trade to compete with the New York Stock Exchange.
D
The Supreme Court cases of Muller-and Adkins centered on a. racial discrimination in employment. b. affirmative action. c. anti-union "right to work" laws in several states. d. the question of whether women merited special legal and social treatment. e. antitrust legislation.
D
The __________ was probably the most popular New Deal program; ___________ the was one of the most complex; and the __________ was the most radical. a. Works Progress Administration; Agricultural Adjustment Act; Civilian Conservation Corps b. Agricultural Adjustment Act; Public Works Administration; Tennessee Valley Authority c. National Recovery Act; Tennessee Valley Authority; Social Security Act d. Civilian Conservation Corps; National Recovery Act; Tennessee Valley Authority e. Social Security Act; Civilian Conservation Corps; Works Progress Administration
D
The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to a. the entire capitalist system. b. the Republican party. c. the automobile industry. d. the private electrical utility industry. e. white southern racial practices.
D
The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the1920s was a. New York City. b. New Orleans. c. Brooklyn. d. Chicago. e. Las Vegas.
D
The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they a) counted on drastic political change to fight social wrongs b) thrived on publicity rather than social change c) believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in less democracy and more government control d) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls e) refused to look beyond middle-class concerns
D
The primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was a. the effective enforcement of "yellow dog" contracts. b. the organization of trade unions. c. the maintenance of "open shop" industries. d. the organization of all workers within an industry. e. maintaining existing wage levels.
D
The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by a. the wartime migration of rural blacks to northern cities. b. the strict enforcement of prohibition laws. c. evolutionary science's challenge to the biblical story of the Creation. d. the public's association of labor violence with its fear of revolution. e. the threat created by the Communist Revolution in Russia.
D
The religion of almost all Polish immigrants to America was a. Eastern Orthodoxy. b. Lutheranism. c. evangelical Protestantism. d. Roman Catholicism. e. Judaism.
D
Theodore Roosevelt believed that trusts a) could be destroyed without damage to the American economy b) were greedy for power and wealth c) were too powerful to be regulated d) were here to stay with their efficient means of production e) should be balanced by strong labor unions
D
To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to a. increased consumption of alcohol. b. the decline of fundamentalism. c. the rise of the women's movement. d. the theories of Sigmund Freud. e. the influence of erotically explicit movies.
D
To regain the power that the people had lost to the 'interests,' progressives advocated all of the following except a) initiative b) referendum c) recall d) socialism e) direct election of U.S. senators
D
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States a. promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver. b. refused to provide any help, either military or economic. c. gave only nonmilitary aid to Russia. d. made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets. e. sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases.
D
When elected to the presidency in 1928, Herbert Hoover a. was militantly antilabor and against big government. b. brought little administrative talent or experience to the job. c. understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the Great Depression. d. combined small-town values with wide experience in modem corporate America. e. had been a successful governor of California.
D
Which of the following descriptive attributes is least characteristic of President Coolidge? a. honesty b. frugality c. shyness d. wordiness e. caution
D
Which of the following was not among the industries that prospered mightily with widespread use of the automobile? a. rubber b. highway construction c. oil d. aluminum e. glass
D
The first Jewish member of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was
Louis D. Brandeis. (D)
40. Match each literary figure with the correct work. A) Earnest Hemingway B) F. Scott Fitzgerald C) Sinclair Lewis D) William Faulkner 1. The Sun Also Rises 2. Main Street 3. The Sound and the Fury 4. The Great Gatsby a) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 b) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 d) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 e) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
D Earnest Hemingway - The Sun Also Rises F. Scott Fitzgerald - The Great Gatsby Sinclair Lewis - Main Street William Faulkner - The Sound and the Fury
Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé. ___ A. David G. Phillips ___ B. Ida Tarbell ___ C. Lincoln Steffens ___ D. Ray Stannard Baker 1. the United States Senate 2. the Standard Oil Company 3. city governments 4. the condition of blacks [A] A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 [B] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 [C] A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 [D] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 [E] A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
David G. Philipps - The united states senate Ida Tarbell - The Standard Oil Company Lincoln Steffens - city government Ray Stannard Baker - the condition of blacks b
The case of Lochner v New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because in its ruling, the supreme court
Declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional
28. As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, a. fewer Asians came to the U.S. b. the number of immigrants entering the country was reduced. c. the racial and ethnic makeup of the country was unchanged. d. sources of immigration tilted to Eastern Europe. e. sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
E
34. By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on a. housing. b. school integration. c. voting rights. d. black separation. e. economic demands.
E
a) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
During the Civil War a) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. b) Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor. c) thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines. d) about one out of every four Union troops was black. e) captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.
a) 10, 5
During the Civil War, Grant lost one man for every ___ , and Lee lost one man for every ___. a) 10, 5 b) 5, 10 c) 5, 20 d) 2, 10 e) 5, 2
10. When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered a. the installation of nuclear weapons in Turkey. b. surgical air strikes against the missile sites. c. the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. d. resumption of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. e. a naval quarantine of that island.
E
15. President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of a. Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. b. Louisiana State University. c. the lunch counters of Greensboro, North Carolina. d. the bus stations in Birmingham, Alabama. e. the University of Mississippi.
E
21. President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the a. Great Crusade. b. Fair Deal. c. New Frontier. d. Johnson Revolution. e. Great Society.
E
23. Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their a. loyalty to the Kennedy legacy. b. faith in the Great Society promises. c. fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater. d. trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy. e. all of the above.
E
27. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except a. creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. b. prohibiting discrimination based on gender. c. banning sexual as well as racial discrimination. d. banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public. e. requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination.
E
38. The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict a. Americans and Israelis. b. Israel and Saudi Arabia. c. Israel and the United States on the one hand and the Arabs and the Soviet Union on the other. d. the Israeli government and Jewish settlers on the West Bank. e. Israelis and Palestinians.
E
4. The 1962 Trade Expansion Act a. cut taxes to increase American purchasing power. b. provided incentives to American overseas investments. c. made the United States a member of the Common Market. d. raised the minimum-wage and Social Security benefits of most working-class Americans. e. reduced American tariffs.
E
43. Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should a. negotiate an immediate end to the Vietnam War. b. withdraw U.S. troops to safe enclaves. c. withdraw American forces from Vietnam. d. escalate the bombing of North Vietnam. e. continue the war in pursuit of an "honorable peace."
E
46. The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was a. the Mattachine Society headquarters (Los Angeles). b. Fire Island, New York. c. Key West, Florida. d. Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana). e. the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
E
6. While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy's doctrine or flexible response contained hidden dangers because it a. depended on maintaining secrecy from the American public. b. required reliance on corrupt or dictatorial allies. c. failed to provide a mechanism for the progressive use of force. d. could not really be applied outside of Europe. e. potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.
E
According to progressives, the cure for American democracy's ills was a) technical and scientific expertise b) a third political party c) socialism d) a more conservative government e) more democracy
E
After Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court, a. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court. b. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940. c. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine. d. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional. e. the Court began to support New Deal programs.
E
After the Scopes "Monkey Trial," a. fundamentalism disappeared outside the rural South. b. John Scopes was sentenced to serve time in jail. c. Christians found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the revelations of religion with modem science. d. the gap between theology and biology began to close. e. fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life.
E
All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except a) the direct election of U.S. senators b) the elimination of graft c) woman suffrage d) ending prostitution and 'white slavery' e) opposition to Prohibition
E
America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which a. ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean. b. established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan. c. condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria. d. aimed to prevent German re-armament. e. provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war reparations payments.
E
As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference, a. inflation in the United States was reduced. b. the United States was voted out of the League of Nations. c. tensions rose between the United States and Britain. d. the United States began to pull out of the Depression. e. the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.
E
As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930, a. American industry grew more secure. b. duties on agricultural products decreased. c. American economic isolationism ended. d. campaign promises to labor were fulfilled. e. the worldwide depression deepened.
E
Bruce Barton, author of The Man Nobody Knows, expressed great admiration for Jesus Christ because Barton a. was a deeply religious man. b. respected Christ's image of self-sacrifice. c. thought Christ taught the proper use of money. d. saw Christ as someone who practiced the Golden Rule. e. believed that Christ was the best advertising man of all time.
E
Buying stock "on margin" meant a. purchasing only a few shares. b. purchasing inexpensive stock. c. purchasing little-known stock. d. purchasing risky stock. e. purchasing it with a small down payment.
E
By 1940 American public opinion had come to favor a. the America First position. b. active participation in the war. c. permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain. d. shipping Britain everything except military weapons. e. providing Britain with "all aid short of war."
E
By the mid- 1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to a. increase the size of the Supreme Court. b. limit a president to two terms. c. ban arm sales to foreign nations. d. require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas. e. forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.
E
Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to a. revoke all the neutrality laws. b. expand naval patrols in the Atlantic. c. enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis. d. call for the quarantining of aggressor nations. e. pass a conscription law.
E
During the 1930s, a. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy. b. the states regained influence over the economy. c. businesspeople eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs. d. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy. e. the national debt doubled.
E
Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because a. there was a rising tide of anti-Americanism in Latin America. b. Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine. c. he feared the spread of communism in the region. d. the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the United States. e. he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against dictators.
E
Henry Ford's contribution to the automobile industry was a. installment credit buying of cars. b. the internal combustion engine. c. an enormous variety of automobile models with varied colors and styles. d. design changes that improved speed. e. relatively cheap automobiles.
E
In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by a. nationalizing all banks and major industries. b. mobilizing America's youth as in wartime. c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism. d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover. e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.
E
In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference by effectively handing over the nation of a. Poland. b. Danzig. c. Austria. d. Belgium. e. Czechoslovakia.
E
In Muller vs. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelly and Louis Brandeis that a) child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited b) the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health c) factory labor should be limited to the hours a day, five days a week d) female workers should receive equal pay for equal work e) female workers required special rules and protection on the job
E
In the mid- 1920s President Coolidge twice refused to sign legislation proposing to a. exempt farmers' cooperatives from the antitrust laws. b. defend the family farm against corporate takeovers. c. make the United States a member of the World Court. d. lower taxes. e. subsidize farm prices.
E
Jazz music was developed by a. Latinos. b. Caribbean immigrants. c. Caucasian impresarios. d. American teenagers. e. American blacks.
E
Job opportunities for women in the 1920s a. expanded dramatically. b. offered higher-paying positions than before. c. were plentiful in Hollywood and radio. d. existed mainly in the area of education. e. tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields.
E
Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled 'The Shame of the Cities,' a) attacked the U.S. Senate b) exposed the deplorable conditions of blacks in urban areas c) laid bare the practices of the stock market d) uncovered official collusion in prostitution and 'white slavery' e) unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government
E
Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to a. Oklahoma. b. Arizona. c. Nevada. d. Oregon. e. California.
E
One of Herbert Hoover's chief strengths as a presidential candidate was his a. adaptability to the give-and-take of political accommodation. b. considerable experience in running for political office. c. personal charm and charisma. d. ability to face criticism. e. talent for administration.
E
One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that a. the South had shifted to the Republican party. b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest. c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans. d. "clear Agender gap" opened up in which more women favored the Democrats. e. African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.
E
Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was facilitated by the publication of a) Theodore Dreiser's The Titan b) Jack London's Call of the Wild c) Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth d) Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives e) Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
E
President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression was to a. leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble. b. nationalize major industries. c. encourage the states to stimulate spending. d. work for the breakup of business monopolies. e. offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals.
E
President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his a. decision to abandon the principle of "rugged individualism." b. construction of "Hoovervilles" for the homeless. c. agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed. d. refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression. e. handling of the dispersal of the Bonus Army.
E
President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" was a. George Norris. b. John L. Lewis. c. Mary McLeod Bethune. d. Harold Ickes. e. Harry Hopkins.
E
President Theodore Roosevelt branded reporters who tried to uncover injustice as 'muckrakers' because a) he saw them as trying to clean up society b) they brought ugly problems to public attention c) of their work in the 'muck' of the slums d) of their coverage of the meat-packing industry e) he was annoyed by their excessive zeal
E
Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained national popularity by a. advocating social justice for all. b. blaming Jews for the Depression. c. making Louisiana a model for ordinary citizens. d. supporting a $200-a-month old-age pension. e. promising to give every family $5,000.
E
Senator Robert La Follette's Progressive party advocated all of the following except a. government ownership of railroads. b. relief for farmers. c. opposition to antilabor injunctions. d. opposition to monopolies. e. increased power for the Supreme Court.
E
The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact a. formally ended World War I for the United States, which had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. b. set a schedule for German payment of war reparations. c. established a battleship ratio for the leading naval powers. d. condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria. e. outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry.
E
The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of a) regulation of municipal utilities b) the purity of food and drugs c) conservation of natural resources d) women's working conditions e) railroad regulations
E
The Glass-Steagall Act a. took the United States off the gold standard. b. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily. c. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange. d. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings. e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.
E
The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against a. capitalism. b. new immigration laws passed in 1924. c. the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s. d. race riots. e. the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.
E
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except a. unemployment insurance. b. old-age pensions. c. economic provisions for the blind and disabled. d. support for the blind and physically handicapped. e. health care for the poor.
E
The Strategic Defense Initiative A. Was proposed by the growing peace and antinuclear movement as an alternative to tactical nuclear weapons B. Seemed to be the best solution to the nuclear arms race because of its modest cost & simplicity C. Was the first program eliminated in the great wave of Reagan defense cuts D. Substituted cheap chemical & biological weapons for expensive nuclear devices E. Proposed vast system of space-based lasers & other high tech defenses against nuclear missiles
E
The Supreme Court's 'rule of reason' in restraint-of-trade cases was handed down in a case involving a) Northern Securities b) United States Steel c) General Electric d) Armour Meat-Packing e) Standard Oil
E
The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by a. raising the tariff. b. imposing a tax on the sale of farms. c. selling government surplus grain. d. increasing taxes on the wealthy. e. taxing processors of farm products.
E
The first talkie motion picture was a. The Great Train Robbery. b. The Birth of a Nation. c. The Wizard of Oz. d. Gone With the Wind. e. The Jazz Singer.
E
The immigration quota system adopted in the 1920s discriminated directly against a. Asians. b. northern and western Europeans. c. Latin Americans. d. Jews. e. southern and eastern Europeans.
E
The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of a. the treasury. b. state. c. the navy. d. commerce. e. the interior.
E
The nonbusiness group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World War I was a. labor. b. blacks. c. the Ku Klux Klan. d. women. e. veterans.
E
The strongest criticisms leveled against the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) drew criticism was that it a. lacked government control. b. produced electricity inefficiently. c. primarily benefited the South. d. did not take account of environmental conditions. e. represented the first stage of "creeping socialism."
E
The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the issue of a. progressive education. b. the right of parochial schools to exist. c. teachers' membership in the Ku Klux Klan. d. teaching evolution in public schools. e. prayer in the public schools.
E
The two key goals pursued by progressives were to curb the threats posed by ________________ on the one hand and __________________ on the other. a) New immigrants; blacks b) feminists; patriarchal males c) the social gospel; the gospel of wealth d) the Old Guard; muckrakers e) trusts; socialists
E
Theodore Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by a) using the military to force the miners back to work b) passing legislation making the miners' union illegal c) helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers d) appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest e) threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops
E
Theodore Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he a) got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft b) refused to do anything in response to the 'Roosevelt Panic' c) supported the Federal Reserve Act d) began to reduce his trust-busting activity e) announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president
E
Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by a. assisting their victims with military aid. b. giving only economic help to the targets of aggression. c. beginning to build up their military forces. d. demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations. e. retreating further into isolationism.
E
Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940? a. Norway b. the Netherlands c. France d. Poland e. Finland
E
Which one of the following members of President Harding's cabinet proved to be incompetent and corrupt? a. Herbert Hoover b. Calvin Coolidge c. Andrew Mellon d. Charles Evans Hughes e. Albert Fall
E
While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to a. maintaining a balanced federal budget. b. renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff. c. an anti-inflationary policy that would make much of the New Deal impossible. d. appointing some Republicans to his cabinet. e. a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.
E
While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the a) Fair Deal b) Big Deal c) Big Stick d) New Deal e) Square Deal
E
Why did the armed American effort to annex Hawaii fail to succeed in 1893? (a) Queen Liliuokalani and native Hawaiians crushed the revolt by white settlers, large sugar interests, and U.S. Army troops supporting annexation. (b) It was fiercely opposed by American sugar lords, who feared that annexation would eliminate their favored labor and trade arrangements with Hawaii. (c) Incoming President Cleveland rejected annexation because he believed that native Hawaiians had been wronged by the U.S. government (d) Protestant missionaries believed that annexation would slow the conversion of native Hawaiians and Chinese and Japanese immigrants to Christianity. (e) A Japanese threat to declare war on the United States if America annexed Hawaii caused incoming President Cleveland to oppose annexation.
E
With the advent of radio and motion pictures, a. many people believed that popular tastes were elevated. b. American culture became more parochial. c. American regional accents disappeared. d. the emergence of a working-class political coalition was halted. e. much of the rich diversity of immigrant culture was lost.
E
All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except A) the direct election of senators. B) prohibition. C) women's suffrage. D) ending prostitution and "white slavery." E) abolishing special workplace protections for women.
E) abolishing special workplace protections for women.
The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was A) the National Consumers League. B) Hull House. C) the General Federation of Women's Clubs. D) the Progressive Party. E) the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
E) the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of A) the need to assert female power against male oppression. B) America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations. C) women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. D) the harsh treatment of working women by employers. E) their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
E) their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
The most vigorous "champion of the dispossessed"-that is, the poor and minorities-in Roosevelt administration circles was a. Eleanor Roosevelt. b. Frances Perkins. c. Henry A. Wallace. d. Harold Ickes. e. Alfred E. Smith.
Eleanor Roosevelt
The elkins and hepburn acts were designed to
End corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts
Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement
Ending special regulations governing women in the workplace
11. Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's vision of ______________, Hitler's invasion of _______________, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____________________. a) Egypt, France, Poland b) Albania, Italy, Austria c) Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain d) Belgium, the Soviet Union, France e) Ethiopia, Norway, Portugal
Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain
Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's vision of ___, Hitler's invasion of ____ and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ______
Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Spain
During World War I, the government's treatment of labor could be best described as
Fair
In Muller v. Oregon, The supreme court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that
Female workers required special rules and protection on the job
22. Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940? a) Norway b) the Netherlands c) France d) Poland e) Finland
Finland
Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940
Finland
27. America's neutrality effectively ended when a) Japan attacked Pearl Harbor b) Germany attacked Poland c) the conscription laws was passed in 1940 d) France fell to Germany e) Italy "stabbed France in the back"
France fell to Germany
America's attempt to remain neutral in the war between the Axis powers and the Allies came to an end when a. Germany attacked Poland. b. the conscription law was passed in 1940. c. Italy "stabbed France in the back." d. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. e. France fell to Germany.
France fell to Germany
American's neutrality effectively ended when
France fell to Germany
Of the following, the one least related to the other four is
Frederick W. Taylor. (C)
The supreme military commander of American forces during World War I was
General John J. Pershing.
c) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.
General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved a) using long-range artillery assaults. b) striking tactically from the flanks. c) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly. d) destroying the enemy's economy and undermining civilian morale. e) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.
c) overly cautious.
George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as a) disliked by his own men. b) aggressive. c) overly cautious. d) poorly prepared for military leadership. e) poorly organized.
The two groups who suffered most from the violation of civil liberties during World War I were
German Americans and social radicals.
The two groups who suffered most from the violaton of civil liberties during World War I were
German Americans and social radicals.
The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement between
Germany and Mexico
The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement between
Germany and Mexico.
Which of these is NOT a true statement about the sinking of the Lusitania?
Germany immediately pledged not to sink unarmed passenger ships anymore. (D)
Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonagression pact with the Soviet Union
Germany invaded Poland and started WWII
20. Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union, a) Britain and France singed a similar agreement b) the Soviets attacked China c) Germany invaded Poland and started World War II d) Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets e) the Germans invaded Finland
Germany invaded Poland and started World War II
President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____.
Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare (E)
Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was
Governmental efficiency
As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the following except
Guaranteed recognition of labor unions
President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was a. George Norris. b. John L. Lewis. c. Mary McLeod Bethune. d. Harry Hopkins. e. None of these
Harry Hopkins
Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because a. he thought it was unconstitutional. b. he believed the problem of drunkenness could be solved by restricting alcohol content to 3.2 percent by weight. c. he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs. d. he needed support from the repeal movement to gain reelection. e. drys - those who opposed alcohol - were an increasingly small segment of the population.
He thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provided jobs
e) inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy.
In invading Maryland, one of Lee's key objectives was to a) show northerners how polished and well-equiped the Confederate army was. b) capture or destroy Union arsenals and railroad lines. c) destroy McClellan's army. d) capture Lincoln and his Cabinet. e) inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy.
e) Andrew Johnson.
In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was a) Salmon P. Chase. b) Wendell Phillips. c) William Tecumseh Sherman. d) Stephen A. Douglas. e) Andrew Johnson.
c) Union
In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the _______________ party. a) Federal b) Liberty c) Union d) National e) Progressive
a) George McClellan
In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated _______________ to oppose Lincoln's reelection. a) George McClellan b) Ulysses S. Grant c) Andrew Johnson d) Clement C. Vallandigham e) Horace Greeley
The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because a. businesses resisted regulation by the agency. b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public. c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator. d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management. e. the agency did not have enough power to control business.
It required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public
a) Lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond
Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would a) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond. b) bring an end to slavery. c) destroy the economy of the South. d) pull the Border states out of the Confederacy. e) All of these
a) Union military victories. c) backing from Union soldiers.
Lincoln's victory in the election of 1864 was aided by a) Union military victories. b) Confederate efforts to help McClellan. c) backing from Union soldiers. d) solid support for the war in the Midwest. e) his peace feelers to the Confederacy.
The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was a key progressive reform designed to
Make senators directly elected and end the senate millionaires club
Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to
Make the public aware of social problems
All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except a. there were about three million men in the program. b. the men were mostly young, hired to work in fresh-air camps. c. many of the men had had criminal records. d. they worked on reforestation, flood control and swamp drainage projects. e. CCC workers helped families by sending most of their paychecks home.
Many of the men had had criminal records
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of
Midway
Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental approach to American foreign policy?
Moralistic (B)
The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the
National Recovery Administration. (B)
The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the a. Public Works Administration. b. National Recovery Administration. c. Tennessee Valley Authority. d. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act). e. Social Security Administration.
National Recovery Administrtion
Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines?
None of these were American ships. (E)
e) a shorter war that saved lives.
One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was a) a longer war. b) the loss of more lives. c) fewer desertions on the Confederate side. d) southern resignation to defeat. e) a shorter war that saved lives.
b) the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans.
One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was a) Europe's refusal to help the South before the battle. b) the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans. c) Lincoln's removal of General McClellan from his command. d) the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time. e) the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle.
____ was/were adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of World War I.
Organized labor (E)
21. The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was a) Poland b) Czechoslovakia c) Austria d) Belgium e) the Jews
Poland
The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was
Poland
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because
President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaya or the Philippines
a) deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement.
Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to a) deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement. b) force the Union to ease its blockade of the South. c) cut Northern supply lines. d) stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt. e) seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
The religion of almost all Polish immigrants to America was
Roman Catholicism. (D)
As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments. b. Social Security taxes were reduced. c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938. d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics. e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.
Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics
During World War I, American troops fought in all of the following countries
Russia, Belgium and Italy
e) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the a) Union victory over the Confederates at Gettysburg. b) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox. c) Emancipation Proclamation. d) statutes of the individual states. e) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the
Square deal
The two major battles of World War I in which United States forces engaged were
St. Michiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.
By 1972, integrated classrooms were most common in the?
South
16. America's neutrality during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 allowed a) Hitler to conquer Spain b) the Loyalists to win the war c) Roosevelt and Franco to become personal friends d) the Soviets to aid the Spanish republic e) Spain to become a fascist dictatorship
Spain to become a fascist dictatorship
American's neutralitiy during the SPanish Civil War of 1936-1939 allowed
Spain to become a fascist dictatorship
The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they a. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley. b. found steady work in the canning industry. c. still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley. d. became caught up in radical labor movements. e. formed mutually supportive evangelical religious communes.
Still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley
The Progressive Bull Moose party died when
Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916. (A)
Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the a. Indian Reorganization Act. b. Social Security Act. c. Agricultural Adjustment Act. d. Federal Housing Administration. e. Tennessee Valley Authority.
Tennessee Valley Authority
e) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.
The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it a) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners. b) ended Lee's plan of invading the North. c) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. d) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln. e) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.
e) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because a) Lee's army was effectively shattered. b) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864. c) Philadelphia and New York were safe from attack. d) Lee's military genius and right-hand man, Stonewall Jackson, was killed. e) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.
e) the end of protective tariffs and isolationism.
The Civil War resulted in all of the following except a) expanded federal powers of taxation. b) the end of nullification and secession. c) the creation of the first federal social welfare agency. d) the end of slavery. e) the end of protective tariffs and isolationism.
e) democracy.
The Civil War was a major ideological victory for a) racism. b) individualism. c) civil liberties. d) states' rights. e) democracy.
a) a month before the war ended.
The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army a) a month before the war ended. b) at the beginning of the war. c) as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation. d) to help in the attack on Gettysburg. e) in recognition that the idea of slavery was wrong.
c) destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.
The Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was a) destroyed by Union troops to prevent its use as a slave ship. b) captured and used by Union troops to help restore the Federal blockade. c) destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops. d) able to escape to British ports. e) used to ferry both British and French troops across the ocean.
b) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of a) reducing desertions from the Union army. b) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union. c) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election. d) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies. e) weakening Confederate morale.
a) issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
The North's victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to a) issue the Emancipation Proclamation. b) seek military assistance from Great Britain. c) force the Border States to remain in the Union. d) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces. e) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.
a) reduced enlistments in the South's army
The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861 a) reduced enlistments in the South's army. b) reduced the number of Confederate deserters. c) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be. d) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict. e) forced Lincoln to flee Washington.
e) Atlanta and Mobile
The Union army's success in the capture of _______________ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864. a) Gettysburg and Harrisburg b) Richmond and Appomattox c) Vicksburg and Port Hudson d) Charleston and Columbia e) Atlanta and Mobile
e) it was the last major battle of the Civil War.
The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons except a) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade. b) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost. c) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. d) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana. e) it was the last major battle of the Civil War.
b) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.
The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because a) Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback. b) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war. c) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed. d) it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery. e) it allowed European powers the chance to intervene on behalf of the South.
The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was
The Women's Christian Temperance Union
a) was a calamity for the South.
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln a) was a calamity for the South. b) benefited the South. c) had little effect on Reconstruction. d) saved him from possible impeachment. e) brought an abolitionist to the White House.
After Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court a. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court. b. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940. c. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine. d. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional. e. the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.
The court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional
a) guerrilla warfare.
The final Union war strategy included all the following components except a) guerrilla warfare. b) a naval blockade. c) undermining the Confederate economy. d) seizing control of the Mississippi River. e) capturing Richmond.
a) Northern Peace Democrats.
The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the a) Northern Peace Democrats. b) Radical Republicans. c) Northern War Democrats. d) Union Party. e) African Americans.
e) the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia).
The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from a) British navy vessels on loan to the South. b) swift blockade-running steamers. c) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors. d) the Confederate cruiser Alabama. e) the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia).
The 1919 steel strike resulted in
The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during WWI resulted in
During the 1930s a. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy. b. the states regained influence over the economy. c. business people eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs. d. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy. e. the national debt doubled.
The national debt doubled
The religious movement that was closely linked to progressivism was
The social gospel
e) the Civil War.
The supreme test of American democracy in the nineteenth century was a) the Revolution. b) surviving the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. c) helping Britain to pass the Reform Bill of 1867. d) the War of 1812. e) the Civil War.
c) Gettysburg and Antietam.
The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were a) Shiloh and Chancellorsville. b) Bull Run and Vicksburg. c) Gettysburg and Antietam. d) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg. e) Mobile and Missionary Ridge.
Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of
Their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with the target of his criticism. ___ A. Thorstein Veblen ___ B. Jack London ___ C. Jacob Riis ___ D. Henry Demarest Lloyd 1. "bloated trusts" 2. slum conditions 3. "conspicuous consumption" 4. destruction of nature [A] A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 [B] A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 [C] A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 [D] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 [E] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
Thorstein Veblen - "conspicious consumption" Jack London - destruction of nature Jacob Riis - slum conditions Henry demarest Lloyd - "bloated trusts" b
Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by
Threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops
The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trail blazing law that a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively. b. established the NRA. c. established the Social Security system. d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA). e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.
UNKNOWN
President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of __________ trusts. [A] regulating [B] ignoring [C] collusion with [D] dissolving [E] monitoring
[A] regulating
The real heart of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to
Use the government as an agency of human welfare
The Panic of 1807 exposed the need for substantial reform in
U.S. banking and currency policies
The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from a. the American labor movement and European socialism. b. early twentieth-century economists and social theorists Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey. c. Mussolini's fascism and Hitler's Nazism. d. U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models. e. the late nineteenth-century utopian literature of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models.
The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from
U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models. (D)
Which of the following was not a consequence of the American policy of raising tariffs sky-high in the 1920s? a. European nations raised their own tariffs. b. the postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged. c. international economic distress deepened. d. American foreign trade declined. e. the American economy slipped into recession.
UNKNOWN
Which of the following splits did not affect the Democratic party in 1924?
Urbanites versus suburbanites (C)
Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by
Victoriano Huerta. (D)
Some advocates of Black Power insisted that their slogan stood for all of the following except
Violence
Progressivism [A] supported many reforms advocated by feminists [B] reflected the views of working-class women. [C] offered little to the ever-growing women's movement. [D] followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe. [E] supported only the demand for woman suffrage.
[A] supported many reforms advocated by feminists
Progressivism
Was closely tied to the feminist movement and women's causes
The US military refused to bomb Nazi gas chambers such as those at Auschwitz and Dachau because of the belief that
bombing would divert essential military resources
The Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was
Wendell L Willkie
30. The Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was a) Wendell L. Willkie b) Robert A. Taft c) Thomas E. Dewey d) Alfred E. Landon e) Charles A. Lindbergh
Wendell L. Willkie
14. John Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when he a. sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders. b. ordered the FBI to remove the wiretap from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s phone. c. secured passage of the Voting Rights Act. d. journeyed south to support the registration of black voters. e. ordered the immediate desegregation of schools.
a
d) states still in rebellion against the United States.
When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in a) the Border States. b) slave states that remained loyal to the Union. c) United States territories. d) states still in rebellion against the United States. e) areas controlled by the Union army.
Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because
William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's progressive policies
14. Most Americans assumed that prohibition a) would be permanent b) would soon be overturned c) could never be enforced in the South d) would be a total failure e) was unworkable in the cities
a
Recently, some historians have argued that the New Deal had a more radical effect on men than women for all of the following reasons except a. Social Security was designed to assist male breadwinners, who were expected to share benefits with their families. b. married women were rarely favored for jobs in New Deal agencies. c. programs maintained or reaffirmed women's traditional roles as wives or mothers. d. programs tended to provide more opportunities to men than women. e. women were recruited to run day care centers and light service sector positions.
Women were recruited to run day care centers and light service sector positions
Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party. A. Woodrow Wilson 1. Socialist B. Theodore Roosevelt 2. Democratic C. William Howard Taft 3. Republican D. Eugene V. Debs 4. Progressive A) A—1, B—2, C—4, D—3 B) A—1, B—3, C—4, D—2 C) A—4, B—3, C—2, D—l D) A—3, B—1, C—2, D—4 E) A—2, B—4, C—3, D—l
Woodrow Wilson - Democratic Theodore Roosevelt - Progressive William Howard Taft - Republican Eugene V. Debs - Socialist e
Moat of the money raised to finance World War II came through
borrowing
The Supreme Court's "rule of reason" in restraint-of-trade cases was handed down in a case involving [A] Standard Oil. [B] General Electric. [C] Northern Securities. [D] Armour Meat-Packing. [E] United States Steel.
[A] Standard Oil.
Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he [A] announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president. [B] got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft. [C] supported the Federal Reserve Act. [D] began to reduce his trust-busting activity. [E] refused to do anything in response to the "Roosevelt Panic."
[A] announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.
As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the followingexcept [A] control of labor. [B] consumer protection. [C] an end to railroad rebates. [D] control of corporations. [E] conservation of natural resources.
[A] control of labor.
InMuller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that [A] female workers required special rules and protection on the job [B] factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week. [C] female workers should receive equal pay for equal work. [D] the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health. [E] child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.
[A] female workers required special rules and protection on the job
While president, Theodore Roosevelt [A] greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency. [B] showed no skill and little interest in working with Congress. [C] held rigidly to ideological principles. [D] was surprisingly unpopular with the public. [E] was a poor judge of public opinion.
[A] greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency.
Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to [A] make the public aware of social problems. [B] formulate a consistent philosophy of social reform. [C] explain the causes of social ills. [D] link up with movements for social justice. [E] devise solutions to society's problems.
[A] make the public aware of social problems.
Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the [A] middle class. [B] upper class. [C] small towns. [D] lower class [E] new wave of immigrants.
[A] middle class.
One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that [A] the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute. [B] the owners quickly agreed to negotiate with labor representatives in order to settle their differences peacefully. [C] for a time the mines were seized by the national government and operated by federal troops [D] it generated widespread middle-class support. [E] the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners.
[A] the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute.
Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by [A] threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops. [B] using the military to force the miners back to work. [C] appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest. [D] passing legislation making the miners' union illegal. [E] helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers
[A] threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops
As president, William Howard Taft [A] was wedded more to the status quo than to change. [B] held together the diverse wings of the Republican party. [C] adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress. [D] was a good judge of public opinion. [E] carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt
[A] was wedded more to the status quo than to change.
Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé. ___ A. David G. Phillips ___ B. Ida Tarbell ___ C. Lincoln Steffens ___ D. Ray Stannard Baker 1. the United States Senate 2. the Standard Oil Company 3. city governments 4. the condition of blacks [A] A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 [B] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 [C] A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 [D] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 [E] A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
[B] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 David G. Philipps - The united states senate Ida Tarbell - The Standard Oil Company Lincoln Steffens - city government Ray Stannard Baker - the condition of blacks
Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with the target of his criticism. ___ A. Thorstein Veblen ___ B. Jack London ___ C. Jacob Riis ___ D. Henry Demarest Lloyd 1. "bloated trusts" 2. slum conditions 3. "conspicuous consumption" 4. destruction of nature [A] A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 [B] A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 [C] A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 [D] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 [E] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
[B] A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the [A] Big Stick. [B] Square Deal. [C] Fair Deal. [D] New Deal. [E] Big Deal.
[B] Square Deal.
Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was facilitated by the publication of [A] Jack London's Call of the Wild. [B] Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. [C] Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth. [D] Theodore Dreiser's The Titan. [E] Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives.
[B] Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.
Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because [A] Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so. [B] William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies. [C] the Democratic party was split. [D] Taft decided not to run for a second term. [E] he was drafted by the Republican party
[B] William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies.
The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they [A] broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers. [B] introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns. [C] helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare. [D] became the launching pads for women seeking political office. [E] provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions.
[B] introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.
Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities," [A] attacked the United States Senate. [B] unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government. [C] uncovered official collusion in prostitution and "white slavery." [D] laid bare the practices of the stock market. [E] exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.
[B] unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.
The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government [A] brought democracy to urban dwellers. [B] was designed to remove politics from municipal administration. [C] made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson. [D] was developed in Wisconsin. [E] opened urban politics to new immigrants.
[B] was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.
Political progressivism [A] began in Northeastern big cities. [B] made little difference in American life. [C] emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government. [D] died out shortly after Teddy Roosevelt stepped down as president. [E] was more a minority movement than a majority mood.
[C] emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government.
Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was [A] economic equality. [B] democratic participation. [C] governmental efficiency. [D] urban planning. [E] free enterprise.
[C] governmental efficiency.
According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement may have been [A] mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War. [B] his efforts at consumer protection. [C] his efforts supporting the environment. [D] the Panama Canal.
[C] his efforts supporting the environment.
When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the [A] unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry. [B] deplorable conditions in the drug industry. [C] plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry. [D] unhealthy effects of beef consumption. [E] corruption in the United States Senate.
[C] plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.
The idea of "multiple-use resource management" included all of the following practices except [A] recreation. [B] sustained-yield logging. [C] watershed protection. [D] damming of rivers. [E] summer stock grazing
[D] damming of rivers.
14. The Teapot Dome scandal involved the mishandling of a) naval oil reserves. b) funds for veterans' hospitals. c) the budget for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d) European war-debt payments. e) the sale of presidential pardons.
a
Businesspeople used the red scare to
break the backs of fledgling unions. (B)
The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling [A] declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers. [B] ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns. [C] declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment. [D] declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional. [E] upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers.
[D] declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.
President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed [A] the Open Door policy. [B] sphere-of-influence diplomacy. [C] big-stick diplomacy. [D] dollar diplomacy. [E] the Good Neighbor policy.
[D] dollar diplomacy.
According to progressives, the cure for American democracy's ills was [A] socialism. [B] a more conservative government. [C] a third political party. [D] more democracy. [E] technical and scientific expertise
[D] more democracy.
The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to [A] inspire confidence in small business owners. [B] halt the trend toward combination and integration in business. [C] establish himself as a bigger "trustbuster" than William Howard Taft. [D] prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country. [E] fragment big business.
[D] prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country.
As one progressive explained, the "real heart" of the progressive movement was to [A] to promote economic and social equality. [B] preserve world peace. [C] reinstate the policy of laissez-faire. [D] use the government as an agency of human welfare. [E] ensure the Jeffersonian style of government
[D] use the government as an agency of human welfare.
Of the following legislation aimed at resource conservation, the only one associated with Roosevelt's presidency was the [A] Cary Act. [B] Desert Land Act. [C] Forest Reserve Act. [D] Clean Water Act. [E] Newlands Act
[E] Newlands Act
The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the Seventeenth and Eighteenth amendments added to the Constitution. The Seventeenth called for__________, and the Eighteenth called for__________. [A] income taxes, direct election of senators [B] woman suffrage, income taxes [C] woman suffrage, direct election of senators [D] prohibition, woman suffrage [E] direct election of senators, prohibition
[E] direct election of senators, prohibition
The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of [A] conservation of natural resources. [B] the purity of food and drugs. [C] regulation of municipal utilities. [D] women's working conditions. [E] railroad regulation
[E] railroad regulation
To regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests," progressives advocated all of the following except [A] referendum. [B] recall. [C] initiative. [D] direct election of U.S. senators. [E] socialism.
[E] socialism.
1. In the 1980 national elections, a. Edward Kennedy challenged incumbent President Carter for the nomination of the Democratic party. b. although Ronald Reagan won the presidency, both houses of Congress still had Democratic party majorities. c. third-party candidate John Anderson won three states and seventeen Electoral College votes. d. Ronald Reagan won the presidency by the closest margin since the Kennedy-Nixon election of 1960. e. Reagan led Republicans to majorities in both houses of Congress.
a
1. Warren G. Harding's weakness as president included all of the following except a(n) a) lack of political experience b) mediocre mind c) inability to detect moral weakness in his associates d) unwillingness to hurt people's feelings by saying no e) administrative weakness
a
1. When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy wanted to refocus the attention of the FBI on a. organized crime and civil rights. b. communist spies and terrorism. c. political corruption and campaign law violations. d. illegal immigration and drug trading. e. automobile theft and illegal weapons.
a
10. To achieve class and political solidarity, immigrant workers primarily had to overcome a) ethnic diversity b) the lack of a reform impulse in America c) the lack of sufficient funds to form a union d) the Immigration Act of 1924 e) their loyalty to their homelands
a
11. President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was a. Henry Kissinger. b. John Dean III. c. Spiro Agnew. d. Cyrus Vance. e. Donald Rumsfeld.
a
11. The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except a. U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo. b. the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from power in the Soviet Union. c. a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba. d. an ambitious program of military expansion by the Soviet Union. e. withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey.
a
46. The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement. a. abolitionist; civil rights b. prohibition; black power. c. peace; environmental d. progressive; antiwar. e. evangelical revival; gay.
a
15. African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except a) fight in integrated combat units b) rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home) c) move north and west in large numbers d) form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality e) serve in the Army Air Corps
a
16. Which of the following is least related to the other three? a) Smith-Connally Act b) A. Philip Randolph c) fair Employment Practices Commission d) racial discrimination in wartime industry e) proposed "Negro March on Washington"
a
17. The first results of Reagan's supply-side economics in 1982 was a. a sharp recession and rise in unemployment. b. a reduced federal deficit. c. an expansion of international trade. d. an economic boom. e. a wave of new business investment.
a
18. Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement? a) ending special regulations governing women in the workplace b) preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops c) insuring that food products were healthy and safe d) attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements e) creating pensions for mothers with dependent children
a
19. In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century, a. income gaps widened between the richest and the poorest Americans. b. middle-class incomes rose. c. the poor made economic gains. d. the economy was uniformly healthy. e. the majority of Americans were middle class.
a
19. One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was a) overproduction. b) the inability to purchase modern farm equipment. c) passage of the NcNary-Haugen Bill. d) the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws. e) drought and insects like the boll weevil.
a
2. Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and finding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to a. a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s. b. a decline in the competitive advantage of American business. c. severe cutbacks in the size of the federal government. d. a taxpayer revolt. e. a growing reliance on overseas trade to sustain the American economy.
a
20. President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at a. working with Congress. b. exciting the ideals and spirit of his fellow citizens. c. reducing America's overseas commitments. d. gaining the admiration and support of the media. e. appealing to America's European Allies.
a
20. To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon a. imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze. b. put the United States back on the gold standard. c. sought a system of international currency stabilization. d. lowered Social Security payments. e. pressured the Federal Reserve Board to raise interest rates.
a
21. All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920a possible except a) government stimulation of the economy b) rapid expansion of capital c) increased productivity of workers d) perfection of assembly-line production e) advertising and credit buying
a
23. As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the a. antiwar movement. b. working class. c. South. d. religious conservatives. e. Midwest.
a
24. In 1924 the Democratic party convention came within a single vote of adopting a resolution condemning a) the Ku Klux Klan. b) immigration restrictions. c) prohibition. d) Fundamentalism. e) business monopolies.
a
24. The prosperity that developed in the 1920s helped a) to accumulate a cloud of debt b) to reduce buying on credit c) labor unions to gain strength d) enable the railroads to make more profits e) close the gap between rich and poor
a
24. The shaky agreement that brought an end to American fighting in Vietnam in January 1973 represented a. a thinly disguised American retreat. b. an end to warfare in Vietnam. c. the establishment of a unified, neutral Vietnam. d. the achievement of the essential American goals in the war. e. a vote of confidence in the South Vietnamese government's ability to defeat the communists.
a
28. As a result of America's insistence that war debts be repaid, a) the French and British demanded enormous reparations payments from Germany. b) the German mark was ruined by drastic inflation. c) nearly all U.S. allies repaid their loans. d) the U.S. became more involved in European affairs to ensure repayment. e) the allies insisted on lower U.S. tariffs.
a
3. Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II a) were further assimilated into American society b) were not allowed to serve in the military c) had their patriotism questioned as in World War I d) cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war e) served in ethnically distinct military units
a
30. After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to a. secure the right to vote. b. end discrimination in housing. c. gain equality in education. d. prohibit racial discrimination in employment. e. integrate private social clubs and organizations.
a
31. The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would a) encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible b) be impossible to obtain c) be unacceptable to the Soviets, who had already suffered terrible casualties d) result in an armistice whose terms would lead to war, much as the Treaty of Versailles had led to World War II e) discourage anti-Hitler resisters
a
34. The Federal Farm Board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act, lent money to farmers primarily to help them to a) organize producers' cooperatives. b) learn a new and more profitable trade. c) open new land to cultivation. d) purchase expensive new farm machinery. e) take land out of production.
a
34. The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations, a. pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights. b. rejected the Soviet-directed boundary of Poland. c. proved to many Americans that détente was still a two-way street. d. was condemned by West Germany as meaningless. e. accepted Soviet control of Eastern Europe.
a
34. The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was a) a modification of the demand of unconditional surrender of Italy b) the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender c) the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula d) a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland e) the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government
a
35. Some advocates of Black Power made the slogan the basis for a. emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism. b. upholding the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. c. supporting a movement "back to Africa." d. encouraging the end of racially based identity and culture. e. promoting affirmative action in education and employment.
a
36. The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it a) delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe b) prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war c) enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands d) enabled the U.S. to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands e) destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures
a
37. At the wartime Teheran Conference, a) the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months b) the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones c) the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war d) plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe e) it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations
a
37. President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended b doing all of the following except a) providing direct aid to the people. b) directly assisting businesses and banks. c) keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system. d) continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism. e) lend funds to feed farm livestock.
a
37. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because a) President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaya or the Philippines b) there was no way of knowing that the Japanese had been provoked to the point of starting a war with the U.S. c) Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the U.S. d) the U.S. was, at the time, Japan's main source of oil and steel e) it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach near Hawaii
a
38. Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to a. prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity. b. guarantee women equal pay for equal work. c. prohibit any form of sexual harassment or sexual innuendoes on the job. d. establish quotas for women in sports, business, and government positions. e. protect women's access to birth control and abortion.
a
39. In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because a) so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency b) he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war c) poor health prevented him from taking an active role d) the issue of a fourth term was prominent e) vice president Henry Wallace controlled the convention
a
4. Progressivism [A] supported many reforms advocated by feminists [B] reflected the views of working-class women. [C] offered little to the ever-growing women's movement. [D] followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe. [E] supported only the demand for woman suffrage.
a
4. Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding a) sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley. b) hoped to encourage the government to guide business along the path to profits. c) worked to get standpatters out of administration bureaus. d) aimed at supporting increased competition in business. e) aided small business at the expense of big business.
a
4. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would a. honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops. b. supply only economic aid to its allies. c. seek detente with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. d. intervene to help its allies fight communism only if the United States was allowed to send American troops. e. maintain naval and air bases in East Asia but not put troops on the Asian mainland.
a
40. Action by the U.S. against Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews a) was reprehensibly slow in coming b) included the admission of large numbers of Jewish refugees into the U.S. c) involved the bombing of rail lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps d) was slow in coming, because the U.S. did not know about the death camps until near the end of the war e) was a major reason the U.S. fought World War II
a
40. The result of the Persian Gulf War was that a. Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power. b. the U.S. and Iraq bogged down in a stalemate in the desert. c. the U.S. won the war with air power alone. d. the tensions in the Middle East were substantially reduced. e. Saddam Hussein was overthrown by rebel Iraqis who received American aid.
a
42. The Potsdam conference a) determined the fate of Eastern Europe b) brought France and China in as part of the "Big" Five c) concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific d) was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with Churchill and Stalin e) issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed
a
42. The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of a. race. b. labor. c. the environment. d. education. e. immigration.
a
43. As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the tax burden on the a) middle-income groups b) wealthy c) lower class d) business community e) estate taxes
a
45.One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was a)the formal recognition of the Soviet Union. b)joining the League of Nations. c)establishing military bases in China. d)his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. e)his commitment to Philippine independence.
a
16. John Dewey can rightly be called the "father of _________________." a) the research university b) progressive education c) evolutionary science d) modern psychoanalysis e) Hegelian philosophy
b
49. James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because a. his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate. b. he was widely known as skilled in dealing with Congress and Washington. c. he brought in a team of highly respected and experienced cabinet members and advisers. d. he was a born-again Southern Baptist. e. he had a clear plan to solve the energy crisis.
a
5. During the 1920s, the Supreme Court a) often ruled against progressive legislation. b) rigorously upheld the antitrust laws. c) generally promoted government regulation of the economy. d) staunchly defended the rights of organized labor. e) upheld laws providing special protection for women.
a
5. Many "new right" activists were most concerned about a. cultural and social issues. b. economic questions. c. foreign policy. d. Medicare and Medicaid programs. e. separation of church and state.
a
52.President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy a)lowered tariffs to increase trade. b)encouraged trade only with Latin America. c)continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War. d)was reversed only after World War II. e)sought protection for key U.S. industries.
a
57.The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war a)Americans would be prohibited from sailing on the ships of the warring nations. b)America would sell arms and war materials only to the victim of aggression. c)American bankers would be allowed to make loans to only one of the warring nations. d)the United States intended to uphold the tradition of freedom of the seas. e)U.S. diplomats and civilians would be withdrawn from both warring nations.
a
6. President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for a. a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese. b. a full-scale conventional invasion of North Vietnam. c. reorganization of the American army in Vietnam into anti-guerrilla units. d. an end to all American military and economic aid to South Vietnam. e. a de-emphasis on military assaults in favor of Vietnamese social reform.
a
6. Which of the these social issues was not a primary concern for the new right? a. birth control b. pornography c. homosexuality d. abortion e. affirmative action
a
62.In September 1938 in Munich, Germany, a)Britain and France consented to Germany's taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. b)Hitler declared his intention to take Austria. c)Hitler signed the Axis Alliance Treaty with Japan. d)Britain and France acquiesced to the German reoccupation of the Rhineland. e)Britain and France declared that an invasion of Poland would mean war.
a
65.The first casualty of the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact was a)Poland. b)Czechoslovakia. c)Austria. d)Belgium. e)the Jews.
a
67.Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to the United States were largely blocked by a)restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern Democrats and the State Department. b)internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish communities in the United States. c)pro-Nazi and anti-Semitic organizations within the United States. d)the inability to find sufficient passenger ships to bring refugees across the Atlantic to the United States. e)Zionist organizations that wanted to steer Jewish immigration to Israel, not the United States.
a
74.The surprise Republican presidential nominee in 1940 was a)Wendell L. Willkie. b)Robert A. Taft. c)Thomas E. Dewey. d)Alfred E. Landon. e)Charles A. Lindbergh.
a
8. The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in a. Latin America. b. Africa. c. Southeast Asia. d. Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. e. Western Europe.
a
82.The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because a)President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaysia or the Philippines. b)no American officials suspected that Japan might start a war with the United States. c)Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the United States. d)the United States was, at the time, Japan's main source of oil and steel. e)it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach Hawaii.
a
84.Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Munich Conference, (B) German invasion of Poland, and (C) Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty. a)A, C, B b)B, C, A c)C, B, A d)C, A, B e)A, B, C
a
As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the followingexcept [A] control of labor. [B] consumer protection. [C] an end to railroad rebates. [D] control of corporations. [E] conservation of natural resources.
a
As president, William Howard Taft [A] was wedded more to the status quo than to change. [B] held together the diverse wings of the Republican party. [C] adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress. [D] was a good judge of public opinion. [E] carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt
a
Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to the United States were largely blocked by a) restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern Democrats and the State Department. b) internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish communities in the United States. c) pro-Nazi and anti-Semitic organizations within the United States. d) the inability to find sufficient passenger ships to bring refugees across the Atlantic to the United States. e) Zionist organizations that wanted to steer Jewish immigration to Israel, not the United States.
a
In 1912 Woodrow Wilson became the first __________ elected to the presidency since the Civil War. A) person born in the South B) Democrat C) lawyer D) non—Civil War veteran E) Presbyterian.
a
InMuller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that [A] female workers required special rules and protection on the job [B] factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week. [C] female workers should receive equal pay for equal work. [D] the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health. [E] child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.
a
Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to [A] make the public aware of social problems. [B] formulate a consistent philosophy of social reform. [C] explain the causes of social ills. [D] link up with movements for social justice. [E] devise solutions to society's problems.
a
One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that [A] the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute. [B] the owners quickly agreed to negotiate with labor representatives in order to settle their differences peacefully. [C] for a time the mines were seized by the national government and operated by federal troops [D] it generated widespread middle-class support. [E] the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners.
a
President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of __________ trusts. [A] regulating [B] ignoring [C] collusion with [D] dissolving [E] monitoring
a
Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the [A] middle class. [B] upper class. [C] small towns. [D] lower class [E] new wave of immigrants.
a
Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by [A] threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops. [B] using the military to force the miners back to work. [C] appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest. [D] passing legislation making the miners' union illegal. [E] helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers
a
Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he [A] announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president. [B] got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft. [C] supported the Federal Reserve Act. [D] began to reduce his trust-busting activity. [E] refused to do anything in response to the "Roosevelt Panic."
a
The 1912 presidential election was notable because A) it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies. B) personalities were the only issue of the campaign. C) it was the first time women had the right to vote. D) the Democratic party had split. E) the Socialists competed as a serious third party.
a
The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to A) issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation. B) close weak banks. C) take the U.S. dollar off the gold standard. D) collect income taxes directly from employees' paychecks. E) establish government—owned public banks.
a
The Progressive "Bull Moose" party died when A) Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916. B) Teddy Roosevelt lost the presidential race in 1916. C) the United States entered World War I. D) the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, advocated the same programs as Roosevelt. E) Woodrow Wilson won over most Bull Moose voters.
a
The Sixteenth Amendment provided for A) a personal income tax. B) direct election of senators. C) prohibition. D) woman suffrage. E) abolition of child labor.
a
The Supreme Court's "rule of reason" in restraint-of-trade cases was handed down in a case involving [A] Standard Oil. [B] General Electric. [C] Northern Securities. [D] Armour Meat-Packing. [E] United States Steel.
a
What was the primary argument emphasized by the American imperialists who advocated acquisition of Philippines? (a) That annexing the Philippines would continue the glorious tradition of American expansion, pushing American civilization to the Pacific (b) The economic potential for the Philippines to advance trade with China and other Asian nations (c) Christian missionary work, which would also lead to increased markets (d) The Filipinos' own preference that their archipelago become an American protectorate (e) The potential of the Philippine immigrants to serve as a source of cheap industrial labor
a
What was the primary motivation for the efforts of the United States to secure construction of an isthmian canal across Central America? (a) A desire to improve defense by allowing rapid naval movement between two oceans (b) The Panamanian Revolution (c) America's growing economic interests in Africa (d) The desire to ensure that a similar French government effort would not succeed (e) The British rejection of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
a
What was the primary reason that Britain submitted its border dispute with Venezuela to international arbitration? (a) The growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States. (b) The discovery of vast gold reserves in India diminished the importance of the British land claims in the jungle boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela. (c) Britain feared in becoming embroiled in a dangerous land war in South America. (d) It served to undermine the close relations that Spain maintained with the Latin American republics. (e) Britain had accepted complete political and economical domination over Latin America.
a
When Congress passed the Underwood Tariff Bill in 1913, it intended the legislation to A) lower tariff rates. B) raise tariff rates. C) eliminate tariffs as a source of revenue. D) essentially maintain the existing tariff schedule. E) aid American farmers.
a
Which of the these social issues was not an important concern that the New Right hoped to constrict or eliminate through legal action? a. Divorce b. Pornography c. Homosexuality d. Abortion e. Affirmative action
a
While president, Theodore Roosevelt [A] greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency. [B] showed no skill and little interest in working with Congress. [C] held rigidly to ideological principles. [D] was surprisingly unpopular with the public. [E] was a poor judge of public opinion.
a
Why did many Americans become concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China at the turn of the twentieth century? (a) They feared that U.S. missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans (b) They feared German military domination of China (c) They desired the United States to have exclusive trade rights with the Chinese (d) They believed such intervention undermined Chinese sovereignty (e) They opposed the superior racial attitudes and religious proselytizing of Europeans toward the Chinese
a
The immediate outcome of the 1925 Scopes Trial was that
biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined. (D)
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans A) earnestly hoped to stay out of the war. B) favored entering the war in support of the Allies. C) supported the Central Powers. D) wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations. E) favored U.S. mediation of the conflict.
a
Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except
a belief that compromise was necessary to be an effective leader. (B)
Veterans' organizations like the American Legion successfully lobbied Congress to give them
a bonus insurance policy to compensate them for lost wages during their military service. (E)
The enormous nationwide steel strike of 1919 resulted in
a grievous setback for labor that crippled the union movement for a decade.
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941,
a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about
17. Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" resulted in a) immediate British support for U.S. policy b) a wave of protest by isolationists c) support from both Democratic and Republican leaders d) Japanese aggression in China e) A modification of the Neutrality Acts
a wave of protest by isolationists
Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quaratine Speech" resulted in
a wave of protest by isolationists
The primary reason that Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of international disarmament was that
businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger United States Navy. (C)
18. Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement? a) ending special regulations governing women in the workplace b) preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops c) insuring that food products were healthy and safe d) attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements e) creating pensions for mothers with dependent children
a) ending special regulations governing women in the workplace
Progressivism a) supported many reforms advocated by feminists b) offered little to the ever-growing women's movement c) supported only the demand for woman suffrage d) followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe e) reflected the views of working-class women
a) supported many reforms advocated by feminists
The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except a. U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo. b. the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from power in the Soviet Union. c. a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba. d. an ambitious program of military expansion by the Soviet Union. e. withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey.
a. U.S. agreement to abandon the American base at Guantanamo.
Some advocates of Black Power made the movement the basis for a. emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism. b. upholding the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr. c. supporting a movement "back to Africa." d. encouraging the end of racially based identity and culture. e. promoting affirmative action in education and employment.
a. emphasizing African American distinctiveness and separatism.
President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at a. getting his legislation passed by Congress. b. exciting the ideals and spirit of his fellow citizens. c. reducing America's overseas commitments. d. gaining the admiration and support of the media. e. appealing to America's European Allies.
a. getting his legislation passed by Congress.
By 1972, public schools in the South were a. integrated at higher rates than schools in the North. b. integrated at lower rates than schools in the North. c. taught primarily by teachers trained in northern colleges. d. continuing to close their doors rather than admit blacks to all-white schools. e. the final hold-outs against efforts at racial equality.
a. integrated at higher rates than schools in the North.
When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy sought to refocus the attention of the FBI on a. organized crime and civil rights. b. communist spies and terrorism. c. political corruption and campaign law violations. d. illegal immigration and drug trading. e. automobile theft and illegal weapons.
a. organized crime and civil rights.
The essential purpose of President Kennedy's promise to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s was to a. restore American prestige in the space race damaged by the Soviets' Sputnik. b. develop the possibility of deploying American weapons in outer space. c. engage in scientific and astronomical study of the moon and the solar system. d. provide investments and jobs in the key states of Texas and Florida. e. use the space program to develop new technologies in electronics and other areas.
a. restore American prestige in the space race damaged by the Soviets' Sputnik.
After the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South became to a. secure the right to vote. b. end discrimination in housing. c. gain equality in education. d. prohibit racial discrimination in employment. e. integrate private social clubs and organizations.
a. secure the right to vote.
President John Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy began to join hands with the civil rights movement when they a. sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders. b. ordered the FBI to remove the wiretap from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s phone. c. secured passage of the Voting Rights Act. d. journeyed south to support the registration of black voters. e. ordered the immediate desegregation of schools.
a. sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.
Which of the following was NOT a result of President Roosevelt's diplomatic ending of the Russo-Japanese war? (a) A dramatic improvement in U.S.-Russian and U.S.-Japanese diplomatic relations (b) Roosevelt receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 (c) Japanese feeling cheated of their due financial compensation (d) Russia accusing Roosevelt of robbing it of an impending military victory over Japan (e) A cessation of significant Japanese immigrants to America's Pacific Coast
a/e (not sure, many different answers online; answer key says E, but I believe it's A [again, not sure])
88.Among the principles of the Atlantic Charter signed by President Roosevelt and British prime minister Churchill were (more than one) a)national self-determination. b)disarmament. c)neutrality. d)collective security. e)the creation of a new international organization.
abde
87.In the 1940 presidential election campaign, both President Roosevelt and the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, agreed that the (more than one) a)United States should supply military aid to Britain and the Allies. b)United States should actively find a way to enter the war. c)United States should strengthen its defenses. d)New Deal should be abandoned. e)U.S. military should directly aid China.
ac
Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable when surrounded by
academic scholars. (E)
Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by
accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy. (E)
Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will.
affliction with infantile paralysis (D)
The United States declared war on Germany
after German U-Boats sank 4 unarmed American merchant vessels
The United States declared war on Germany
after German U-boats sank four unarmed American merchant vessels.
In the United States, the most controversial aspect of the Treaty of Versailles was
after the Treaty of Versailles had been signed
While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to a. maintaining a balanced federal budget. b. renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff. c. an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible. d. appointing some Republicans to his cabinet. e. a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.
an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible
While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to
an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible. (C)
Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he
announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president
The 1941 land lease program was all of the following EXCEPT
another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers for bases trade
Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of a. economics. b. political science. c. psychology. d. sociology. e. anthropology.
anthropology
Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of
anthropology. (E)
1. Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the London Economic Conference because a) its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard b) any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression c) such an agreement would involve the U.S. militarily with the League of Nations d) the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade e) it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers
any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression
Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the London Economic Conference because
any agreement to stabilize national curriencies might hurt America's recovery from depression
10. Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function: A. War Production Board B. Office of Price Administration C. War Labor Board D. Fair Employment Practices Commission 1) assigned priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities 2) controlled inflation by rationing 3) imposed ceilings on wage increases 4) saw to it that no hiring discrimination was used against blacks seeking employment in war industries a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 b) A-1, Bi2, C-3, D-4 c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 d) A-3, Bi2, C-1, D-4 e) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
b
11. Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from a) women b) eastern city dwellers c) westerners d) southerners e) older people
b
13. At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he a. did not support civil rights. b. needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation. c. had not pledged any action in this area during his campaign. d. believed that initiatives in this area should come from the Supreme Court and Congress. e. was suspicious of Martin Luther King.
b
15. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren outraged religious conservatives in 1962-63 when it a. declared a woman's right to an abortion. b. ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated the First Amendment. c. prohibited the display of religious symbols in government buildings. d. ruled that parochial students could not ride on public school buses. e. declared that the practice of having Congressional chaplains was unconstitutional.
b
16. Ronald Reagan's "supply side" economic advisers assured him that the combination of budgetary discipline and tax reduction would do all of the following except a. stimulate new investment. b. produce a recession-proof economy. c. boost productivity. d. foster dramatic economic growth. e. balance the budget.
b
17. Big-government intervention got its biggest boost from a) the New Deal b) World War II c) the Depression d) World War I e) the Cold War
b
17. During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of a) farmers and wage earners. b) the business community. c) racial and ethnic minorities. d) progressive reformers. e) conservative New Englanders.
b
18. After the initial shock of the Harding scandals, many Americans reacted by a) demanding that all of those involved be sent to prison. b) excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that 'they ad gotten away with it.' c) demanding the impeachment of the president. d) suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so that Calvin Coolidge could take control. e) calling for a thorough Congressional investigation.
b
18. President Kennedy's alleged assassin was a. Jack Ruby. b. Lee Harvey Oswald. c. Medgar Evers. d. James Earl Ray. e. an agent of Fidel Castro.
b
19. Before he became Vice President and then President of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as a. Secretary of Defense. b. Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate. c. a wealthy Texas businessman. d. governor of Texas. e. Speaker of the House of Representatives.
b
21. The intended beneficiaries of the McNary-Haugen Bill were _______________; the intended beneficiaries of the Norris-LaGuardia Act were __________________. a) railroads; labor unions b) farmers; labor unions c) banks; railroads d) farmers; banks e) railroads; farmers
b
22. The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920 involved a) increasing the level of production b) developing a market of people to buy their products c) reducing the level of government involvement in business d) keeping labor unrest to a minimum e) finding a skilled labor force
b
22. With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, a. the United States declared war on Vietnam. b. Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam. c. the military was given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons. d. Congress maintained its war-declaring power. e. the goals of American military involvement in Vietnam were clear.
b
24. The Iran-contra investigations revealed Ronald Reagan as a president who a. was an intellectual giant. b. napped through cabinet meetings. c. was losing his popularity. d. paid too much attention to detail. e. planned elaborate foreign policy moves.
b
25. The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because a) it could not win the farm vote. b) too many people shared in prosperity to care about reform. c) it was too caught up in internal discord. d) the liberal vote was split between it and the Democratic Party. e) La Follette could not win the Socialists endorsement.
b
26. In the early 1920s, the U.S.' ____________ was a glaring exception to its general indifference to the outside world. a) involvement in the World Court. b) armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central America. c) eventual involvement in the League of nations. d) naval buildup. e) support for anticommunist rebels.
b
27. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except a. creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. b. prohibiting discrimination based on gender. c. banning sexual as well as racial discrimination. d. banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public. e. requiring "affirmative action" against discrimination.
b
28. The "new right" developed many of its tactical approaches by imitating the methods of a. the prophets in the Bible. b. the New Left. c. Corporate advertising d. underground guerillas. e. political machines.
b
28. The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except a) escorting convoys of merchants' vessels b) organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase down German U-boats c) dropping depth charges from destroyers d) bombing submarine bases e) deploying the new technology of radar
b
29. Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of Battle of ________________, after which his fortunes gradually declined. a) the Bulge b) Stalingrad c) Monte Casino d) Britain e) El Alamein
b
29. In the cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court a. severely restricted abortion to the first two months of Pregnancy. b. permitted states to put some restrictions on abortion while fundamentally upholding the abortion rights decision of Roe v. Wade. c. overturned Roe v. Wade d. declared that the issue of legalized abortion should be completely determined by the states. e. galvanized anti-abortion forces into a new militancy.
b
29. The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following except a) the consolidation of schools b) the increased dependence of women on men c) the spread of suburbs d) a loss of population in less attractive states e) altered youthful sexual behavior
b
3. Businesspeople used the red scare to a) establish closed shops throughout the nation b) break the backs of fledgling unions c) break the railroad strike of 1919 d) secure passage of laws making unions illegal e) refuse to hire Communists
b
31. "Solidarity" was a. the nickname for southern Democrats who supported Reagan. b. a massive working-class labor union of Polish dissidents. c the mutual pledge by the United States and European nations to resist any Soviet efforts to divide their alliance. d. the slogan of the Moral Majority. e. the slogan of the revived U.S. labor movement.
b
31. The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following except a. breaking into the Democratic party headquarters in order to "bug" them. b. paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions. c. using the internal Revenue Service to harass its "enemies." d. forging documents to discredit Democrats. e. using the FBI and CIA to cover up previous crimes.
b
33. Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures a) were less popular than had been anticipated b) contributed to the standardization of American life c) had little impact on traditional life-styles and values d) were for the most part too expensive for ordinary working families e) strengthened American family life
b
33. Black leaders in the 1960s included, ___________ an advocate of peaceable resistance; ___________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power." a. Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael c. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael; Malcolm X d. Stokely Carmichael; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X e. Malcolm X; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Stokely Carmichael
b
35. After the Italian surrender in August, 1943, a) the Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy b) the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy c) the British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy d) the Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day e) the German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance
b
36. In America, the Great Depression caused a) people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems. b) a decade-long decline in the birthrate. c) an increase of foreign investment because prices were so low. d) the price of common stock to remain low while blue-chip stocks suffered only moderate losses. e) a shift in the economic philosophy of business.
b
36. Japan believed that it was forced into war with the U.S. because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan a) withdraw from the Dutch East Indies b) leave China c) renew its trade with America d) break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany e) find alternative sources of oil
b
37. Aerial bombardment in Vietnam a. worked very well. b. strengthened the communists' will to resist. c. strengthened the will of America's South Vietnamese allies to fight. d. had no effect on the war. e. destroyed North Vietnamese industry.
b
38. On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans a) were beginning to question the increased aid given to Britain b) still wanted to keep the U.S. out of war c) accepted the idea that America would enter the war d) did not oppose Japan's conquests in East Asia e) were ready to fight Germany but not Japan
b
39. In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because a) so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency b) he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war c) poor health prevented him from taking an active role d) the issue of a fourth term was prominent e) vice president Henry Wallace controlled the convention
b
39. Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, is known for all of the following except a) promoting the resettlement of American blacks in Africa b) establishing the idea of the talented tenth to lead African-Americans c) cultivating feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks d) being sent to prison after a conviction for fraud e) promoting black-owned businesses
b
39. The United States joined its allies in the Persian Gulf War in order to a. regain control of the Middle East oil supply. b. roll back Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. c. demonstrate that the U.S. military could conduct a major ground war thousands of miles from its home bases. d. support Israel against the growing threat from the Arab states. e. guarantee a permanent U.S. naval presence in the Middle East.
b
4. The "new right" movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by a. fiscal conservatives. b. evangelical Christians. c. gold-standard advocates. d. midwesterners. e. neoconservatives.
b
40. During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to a. lead an invasion of Cambodia. b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors. c. infiltrate FBI headquarters. d. help destabilize the government of Thailand. e. protect prowar presidential candidates.
b
40. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established to a) provide direct economic assistance to labor. b) make loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments. c) outlaw 'yellow dog' (antiunion) contracts. d) provide money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River. e) lend money for federal public works projects.
b
41. The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed a. a long deadlock over the nomination of its presidential candidate. b. a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall. c. a walkout by hundreds of southern delegates, who then founded the Independent party. d. the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy soon after he delivered a speech at the convention. e. the enthusiastic nomination of Vice President Humphrey.
b
42. During Andrew Mellon's long tenure as secretary of the treasury, his policies a) raised taxes b) lowered the national debt c) provided substantial government regulation of the stock market d) discouraged capital investment e) helped equalize personal incomes
b
43.Franklin Roosevelt undermined the London Economic Conference because a)its members insisted on rigid adherence to the gold standard. b)any agreement to stabilize national currencies might hurt America's recovery from depression. c)such an agreement would involve the United States militarily with the League of Nations. d)the delegates refused to work on reviving international trade. e)it was dominated by British and Swiss bankers.
b
45. American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing a. the Little Big Horn battleground and Mount Rushmore in the sacred Black Hills. b. Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota. c. the major tribal headquarters throughout Oklahoma. d. salmon fishing grounds in Washington and trout streams in Wisconsin and Minnesota. e. the Tippecanoe battlefield and Mesa Verde National Park.
b
48. The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were a. Nelson Rockefeller and Edward Kennedy. b. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter. c. Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter. d. Gerald Ford and Eugene McCarthy. e. Richard Nixon and George McGovern.
b
49.As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt developed more generous policies of a)encouraging Mexican immigration into the United States b)removing American controls on Haiti, Cuba, and Panama. c)supporting Latin American strongmen in Argentina and Brazil. d)returning the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control. e)moving Puerto Rico toward its independence.
b
52. President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was a. the absence of price controls on domestic oil production. b. U.S. dependence on foreign oil. c. the high import fees on foreign oil. d. the exhaustion of domestic oil supplies. e. the loss of a manufacturing base.
b
57. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Arab oil embargo, (B) Iranian hostage crisis, (C) fall of Saigon, (D) invasion of Afghanistan. a. B, A, C, D b. A, C, B, D c. D, B, A, C d. C, B, D, A e. D, A, C, B
b
60.Regarding the Spanish Civil War, _______ Americans tended to support Francisco Franco's rebels, while _______ provided active support to the Spanish Republican government. a)southern; Democrats b)Roman Catholic; the Abraham Lincoln brigade c)Communist; Charles Lindbergh d)pro-business; labor unions e)isolationist; the Committee to Aid American by Defending the Allies
b
61.Franklin Roosevelt's sensational Quarantine Speech in 1937 resulted in a)a belief in Europe that America would stop fascist aggression. b)a wave of protest by isolationists. c)support from both Democratic and Republican leaders. d)a slowing of Japanese aggression in China. e)a modification of the Neutrality Acts.
b
7. Immigration restrictions of the 1920s were introduced as a result of a) increased migration of blacks in the North b) the nativist belief that northern Europeans were superior to southern and eastern Europeans c) a desire to rid the country of the quota system d) the desire to halt immigration from Latin America e) growing concern about urban overcrowding and crime
b
7. The neoconservatives of the 1980s believed in all of the following except a. free-market capitalism. b. detente with the Soviet Union. c. a return to traditional values of individualism and the centrality of the family. d. fewer government restraints on the economy. e. strengthening the white working class.
b
75.Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his a)personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie. b)belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis. c)mania for power. d)opposition to Willkie's pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality. e)belief that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice.
b
8. Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt in that both men a. disliked big business. b. championed the "common man" against vast, impersonal menaces. c. were raised in wealthy families. d. favored social engineering by the government. e. had run for vice president before being elected president.
b
81.By 1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt absolutely insisted that Japan a)withdraw from the Dutch East Indies. b)withdraw from China. c)renew its trade with America. d)break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany. e)stop attempting to become a dominant Pacific naval power.
b
83.On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans a)were beginning to question the increased aid given to Britain. b)still wanted to keep the United States out of war. c)accepted the idea that America would enter the war. d)did not oppose Japan's conquests in East Asia. e)were ready to fight Germany but not Japan.
b
9. During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ________________ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia. a) textiles b) rubber c) tin d) fuels e) plastics
b
9. Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Tet b. Bay of Pigs c. Place d. Gulf of Tonkin e. Operation Rolling Thunder
b
According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was A) socialism. B) progressivism. C) conservatism. D) capitalism. E) feminism.
b
Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been A) Presbyterian minister. B) state governor. C) successful businessman. D) Progressive Republican. E) United States Senator.
b
Congress passed the Underwood Tariff because A) big business favored its passage. B) President Wilson aroused public opinion to support its passage. C) the general public had been demanding a higher tariff. D) the tariff kept the graduated income tax from being enacted. E) Wilson gained Western support for tariff reduction.
b
German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning A) when the United States entered the war. B) in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany. C) in an effort to keep the United States out of the war. D) because international law now allowed this new style of warfare. E) in a last—ditch effort to win the war.
b
How did the attitude created by the Venezuelan border dispute indirectly lead to the Spanish-American War? (a) The national government realized that all European nations posed threats to the Western Hemisphere (b) The American people were swept off their feet with war hysteria and were disappointed when no such war occurred (c) Americans realized that the people in Latin American countries were unable to govern themselves (d) The border dispute led to the creation of the Big Sister policy (e) President McKinley believed that Spanish control in Cuba would eventually lead to similar disputes
b
Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities," [A] attacked the United States Senate. [B] unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government. [C] uncovered official collusion in prostitution and "white slavery." [D] laid bare the practices of the stock market. [E] exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.
b
Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was facilitated by the publication of [A] Jack London's Call of the Wild. [B] Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. [C] Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth. [D] Theodore Dreiser's The Titan. [E] Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives.
b
Regarding the Spanish Civil War, _______ Americans tended to support Francisco Franco's rebels, while _______ provided active support to the Spanish Republican government. a) southern; Democrats b) Roman Catholic; the Abraham Lincoln brigade c) Communist; Charles Lindbergh d) pro-business; labor unions e) isolationist; the Committee to Aid American by Defending the Allies
b
Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because [A] Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so. [B] William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies. [C] the Democratic party was split. [D] Taft decided not to run for a second term. [E] he was drafted by the Republican party
b
The Populist Party is mostly politically rooted in a) federalists b) greenback labor party and the populists c) the german social democratic party d) the pre civil war antislavery movement e) social darwinists
b
The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government [A] brought democracy to urban dwellers. [B] was designed to remove politics from municipal administration. [C] made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson. [D] was developed in Wisconsin. [E] opened urban politics to new immigrants.
b
The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they [A] broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers. [B] introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns. [C] helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare. [D] became the launching pads for women seeking political office. [E] provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions.
b
What was the direct cause of the Filipino insurrection in 1899? (a) Spanish citizens living in the Philippines allied with Filipino rebels to restore Spanish political control of the country (b) The United States refused to give the Filipino people their political independence (c) The United States declined to spend any government funds to promote the economic and social development of the Philippines (d) American missionaries were making efforts to convert Catholic Filipinos to Protestantism (e) The Japanese instigated the insurrection in an effort to establish Japan's geopolitical dominance of the Pacific.
b
When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the A) East Coast. B) working class. C) business community. D) prowar members of both parties. E) new women voters.
b
Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's approach to American foreign policy diplomacy? A) imperialistic B) moralistic C) realistic D) balance—of—power E) isolationist
b
While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the [A] Big Stick. [B] Square Deal. [C] Fair Deal. [D] New Deal. [E] Big Deal.
b
Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except A) faith in the masses. B) scorn for the ideal of self—determination for minority peoples in other countries. C) a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress. D) a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislators to the sovereign people. E) a belief in the moral essence of politics.
b
2. Match each member of President Harding's cabinet below with his major area of responsibility. A. Charles Evans Hughes B. Andrew Mellon C. Herbert Hoover D. Albert Fall E. Harry Daugherty 1. taxes and tariffs 2. naval oil reserves 3. naval arms limitation 4. foreign trade and trade associations 5. justice and law enforcement a) A-5, B-3, C-2, D-4, E-1 b) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2, E-5 c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-5, E-1 d) A-4, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-2 e) A-1, B-2, C-5, D-3, E-4
b) Charles Evans Hughes - naval arms limitation Andrew Mellon - taxes and tariffs Herbert Hoover - foreign trade and trade associations Albert Fall - naval oil reserves Harry Daugherty - justice and law enforcement
The Populist Party is mostly politically rooted in a) federalists b) greenback labor party and the populists c) the german social democratic party d) the pre civil war antislavery movement e) social darwinists
b) greenback labor party and the populists
Progressives who were among the strongest critics of injustice in early-twentieth-century America, received much of their inspiration from a) the Federalists b) the Greenback Labor party and the Populists c) foreign nations d) progressive theorists, like Jacob Riis e) social Darwinists
b) the Greenback Labor party and the Populists
As one progressive explained, the 'real heart' of the progressive movement was to a) preserve world peace b) use the government as an agency of human welfare c) ensure the Jeffersonian style of government d) reinstate the policy of laissez faire e) to promote economic and social equality
b) use the government as an agency of human welfare
With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution a. the United States declared war on Vietnam. b. Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam. c. the military was given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons. d. Congress maintained its war-declaring power. e. the goals of American military involvement in Vietnam were clear.
b. Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.
President Kennedy's alleged assassin was a. Jack Ruby. b. Lee Harvey Oswald. c. Medgar Evers. d. James Earl Ray. e. an agent of Fidel Castro.
b. Lee Harvey Oswald.
Before he became vice president and then president of the United States, Lyndon Johnson had exercised great power as a. secretary of defense. b. Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate. c. a wealthy Texas businessman. d. governor of Texas. e. Speaker of the House of Representatives.
b. Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate.
The militant African American leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King, Jr.'s goal of peaceful integration was a. Medgar Evers. b. Malcolm X. c. Fannie Lou Hamer. d. Marcus Garvey. e. Ralph Abernathy.
b. Malcolm X.
24. The U.S. military refused to bomb Nazi gas chambers such as those at Auschwitz and Dachau because of the belief that a) bombing would kill the Jews kept there b) bombing would divert essential military resources c) the military was unsure of the gas chambers' location d) such attacks would not seriously impede the killing of Jews e) all of the above
bombing would divert essential military resources
The attempt to nominate an antiwar Democratic candidate for president in 1968 suffered a crippling blow when a. Senator Eugene McCarthy withdrew from the race before the Democratic convention. b. Senator Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary. c. pro-war vice president Hubert Humphrey won the Oregon and California primaries. d. militant leftist demonstrators at the Chicago convention caused a backlash in favor of Humphrey. e. public opinion turned back in favor of the war after the Tet offensive.
b. Senator Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary.
The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed a. a long deadlock over the nomination of its presidential candidate. b. a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall. c. a walkout by hundreds of southern delegates, who then founded the Independent party. d. the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy soon after he delivered a speech at the convention. e. the enthusiastic nomination of Vice President Humphrey.
b. a violent conflict between police and antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall.
Opponents of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act calculated that a. they had enough votes from senators and congressmen opposed to racial equality to tank the bill. b. it would fail because liberals would not be able to support legislation that would end laws that gave women special protections. c. it would be derailed by the inclusion of sexual orientation in the new law. d. discrimination in hiring would not be eliminated by this law. e. None of these
b. it would fail because liberals would not be able to support legislation that would end laws that gave women special protections.
At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he a. did not support civil rights. b. needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation. c. had not pledged any action in this area during his campaign. d. believed that initiatives in this area should come from the Supreme Court and Congress. e. was suspicious of Martin Luther King.
b. needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation.
Besides eliminating segregation and racial discrimination in public facilities and employment, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 included a provision that a. laid the foundation for busing to achieve integration. b. prohibited sexual as well as racial discrimination. c. established the principle of affirmative action in college admissions. d. protected the rights of Latino immigrants to speak Spanish in schools. e. protected gays against discrimination in employment.
b. prohibited sexual as well as racial discrimination.
The Freedom Riders a. protested segregation by torching buses on segregated routes. b. sought to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers. c. were involved in the sit-ins across the South to end segregation. d. were African Americans who sought to integrate public school buses. e. None of these
b. sought to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers.
During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to a. lead an invasion of Cambodia. b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors. c. infiltrate FBI headquarters. d. help destabilize the government of Thailand. e. protect prowar presidential candidates.
b. spy on domestic antiwar protestors.
Aerial bombardment in Vietnam a. worked very well. b. strengthened the communists' will to resist. c. strengthened the will of America's South Vietnamese allies to fight. d. had no effect on the war. e. destroyed North Vietnamese industry.
b. strengthened the communists' will to resist.
The Bay of Pigs invasion failed when a. the Cuban rebel forces lost the Battle of Havana. b. the anti-Castro exiles were defeated by the Cuban military. c. the Soviet Union intervened to protect the Castro government. d. President Kennedy's use of U.S. air power led to the capture of American pilots. e. anti-Castro Cubans in Florida refused to support the effort.
b. the anti-Castro exiles were defeated by the Cuban military
13. Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the U.S. resulted in all of the following except a) abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas b) a decline in the navy and other armed forces c) making no distinction whatever between aggressors and victims d) spurring aggressors along their path of conquest e) balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither
balancing the scales between dictators and US allies by trading with neither
Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 by the US resulted in all of the following EXCEPT
balancing the scales between dictators and US allies by trading with neither.
The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following except
battlefield victories
86.As part of his plan to concentrate on alleviating the Depression at home, President Roosevelt's administration (more than one) a)cooperated closely with other nations in the London Economic Conference. b)extended formal diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union. c)abandoned the interventionist policy toward Latin America. d)promised independence to the Philippines. e)sought closer ties with Canada and Mexico.
bcd
The Senate likely would have accepted American participation in the League of Nations if Wilson had
been willing to compromise with the League opponents in Congress
31. Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his a) personal desire to defeat his old political rival, Wendell Willkie b) belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis c) mania for power d) opposition to Willkie's pledge to restore a strict policy of American neutrality e) belief that the two-term tradition limited democratic choice
belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis
Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his
belief that America needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis
10. Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of international disarmament because a) he feared renewed war in Europe. b) he recognized that an arms race was imminent. c) businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger U.S. Navy. d) he did not want the League of Nations to take the lead on this problem. e) American public opinion supported peacemaking efforts.
c
12. Despite his failure in the White House, President Jimmy Carter earned widespread admiration in his post-presidential years for his a. foreign policy speeches. b. political influence in the Democratic party. c. humanitarian and human rights activities. d. advocacy of women's rights. e. discovery of hundreds of new uses for peanuts.
c
12. In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on a. flexible response. b. massive retaliation. c. peaceful coexistence. d. gradual escalation. e. containment.
c
12. In the 1920s the Fordney-McCumber Tariff _____________ tariff rates and the Hawley-Smoot Tariff ______________ tariff rates, so that by 1930 the tariff rates had been substantially ____________ from the opening of the decade. a) raised; lowered; lowered b) lowered; raised; raised c) raised; raised; raised d) lowered; lowered; lowered e) raised; lowered; raised
c
13. Ronald Reagan's essential domestic goal as president was to a. cutback on military expenditures. b. remove government interference in people's private lives in such areas as abortion and pornography. c. dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government. d. transfer welfare programs to the states. e. reform public education.
c
13. The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to a) equal pay for men and women b) a greater percentage of American women in war industries than anywhere else in the world c) the establishment of day-care centers by the government d) a reduction in employment for black males e) a strong desire of most women to work for wages
c
14. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on a. the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution. b. the First Amendment. c. a "right to privacy." d. Roe v. Wade. e. the Fifth Amendment.
c
15. Besides cutting the federal budget, Reagan's other main domestic initiative when he took office was a. developing new programs to aid business. b. expand federally funded social programs. c. cut taxes by about 25 percent. d. privatize the Social Security system. e. eliminate government regulation of food and drugs.
c
18. Of the following, the one least related to the other four is a) John T. Scopes b) Clarence Darrow c) Frederick W. Taylor d) William Jennings Bryan e) the Southern Baptist Church
c
18. The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because a) the southern system of sharecropping was declared illegal b) Latinos had replaced blacks in the work force c) Mechanical cotton pickers came into use d) northern cities repealed segregation laws e) the South made it clear that they were not wanted
c
2. Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except a) denounce 'radical' foreign ideas b) condemn 'un-American' life-styles c) enter a decade of economic difficulties d) shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries e) restrict immigration
c
2. When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through a. a massive foreign-aid program. b. large-scale government spending programs. c. a tax cut. d. reducing expenditures on the space program. e. a looser monetary policy.
c
20. One consequence of the record-high deficits and high interest rates of the 19805 was a. lower energy costs. b. growing productivity in manufacturing. c. a soaring value for the dollar. d. a general demand to raise taxes. e. new capital investment.
c
21. The national debt increased most during a) Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal b) Herbert Hoover's administration c) World War II d) World War I e) the 1920s
c
22. Which of the following splits did not affect the Democratic party in 1924? a) "wets' vs. "drys" b) immigrants vs. old-stock Americans c) urbanites vs. suburbanites d) Fundamentalists vs. Modernists e) northern liberals vs. southern conservatives
c
23. The first naval battle in history in which all of the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of a) Leyte Gulf b) the Java Sea c) the Coral Sea d) Midway e) Iwo Jima
c
24. Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid a. only to public schools. b. in smaller amounts than John Kennedy had. c. to public and parochial schools. d. to little avail. e. to higher education only.
c
25. All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except a. the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. b. Project Head Start. c. the Peace Corps. d. Medicare. e. the Office of Economic Opportunity.
c
25. One of the greatest consequences of Reagan's expansion of the federal debt was a. to make it harder to get private loans. b. to make foreigners reluctant to accept American bonds. c. to make new social spending practically and politically impossible. d. to undermine the value of the dollar overseas. e. to make further military spending impossible.
c
25. The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they a) failed to take the Philippines b) unsuccessfully attacked the oil-rich Dutch East Indies c) overextended themselves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains d) sent their submarine force on a suicide mission at the Battle of Midway e) attacked Alaska and the Australia
c
25. The central character in Bruce Barton's The Man Nobody Knows was a) Charles Lindbergh b) Henry Ford c) Jesus Christ d) Babe Ruth e) Abraham Lincoln
c
37. Among the Democrats whom Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis defeated for the party's nomination to run against George Bush in 1988 were a. Edward Kennedy and Jimmy Carter. b. Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro. c. Gary Hart and Jesse Jackson. d. Bill Clinton and Albert Gore. e. Paul Simon and Lloyd Bentsen.
c
26. In 1973 the American public was shocked to learn that a. some American soldiers had committed massacres in Vietnam. b. the Vietnamese peace agreement would not last. c. the U.S. Air Force had been secretly bombing Cambodia since 1973. d. President Nixon had prepared plans to invade North Vietnam. e. the United States was threatening to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam and Cambodia.
c
27. America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the U.S. made to them during World War I because a) the U.S. had owed them about $4 billion before the war. b) the amount of money involved was not significant. c) they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the U.S. to write off the debt. d) the U.S. was making so much money from Mexican oil that it did not need extra dollars. e) Germany was not paying its reparations to them, so they could not afford to pay off the loans.
c
27. Ronald Reagan's highest political objective as president was a. arms reduction. b. a balanced budget. c. the containment and then shrinkage of the welfare state. d. the appointment of a conservative judiciary. e. undermining liberal ideology.
c
28. The 1973 War Powers Act a. gave the president the power to commit troops without declaring war. b. compelled President Nixon to end the secret bombing war in Cambodia. c. required the president to report to Congress any commitment of American troops. d. ended the military draft and created an all-volunteer army. e. required Congress to approve funds for military operations.
c
29. As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973, a. Congress revoked the War Powers Act. b. he was impeached. c. the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized. d. strong congressional reaction forced Nixon to withdraw all remaining American combat troops. e. the Cambodians and North Vietnamese were forced to seek peace.
c
29. The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the a. Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. Twenty-fourth Amendment. d. War on Poverty. e. Twenty-fifth Amendment.
c
30. As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria, a. Israel took control of Syria. b. America had to reduce its aid to other nations. c. Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America. d. the Soviet Union started sending arms to Syria. e. Israel was able to seize the Suez Canal.
c
30. One complaint lodged by the U.S. Immigration Commission against Polish immigrants was that a) they took skilled jobs from Americans b) too many returned to their homeland c) they sent too much money home d) they wrote home with too many negative stories about America e) they were slow to learn English
c
30. The Democrats' hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving a. bribes involving business deals in the Soviet Union. b. election fraud. c. the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks. d. kickbacks for oil leases on federal lands. e. payoffs for U.S. hostages and campaign contributions from foreign corporations.
c
30. The most colorful presidential candidate of the 1920s was a) Calvin Coolidge. b) John W. Davis. c) Alfred E. Smith. d) Herbert Hoover. e) Robert La Follette.
c
32. Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that a. portions of the tape were erased. b. they were his private property. c. he had executive privilege (confidentiality). d. they were inaudible. e. it would violate his right to privacy.
c
32. The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized a. the still-troubled racial situation in the South. b. the rise of the Black Muslim movement in Los Angeles. c. a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement. d. the power of Martin Luther King in the black community. e. the ineffectiveness of the Voting Rights Act.
c
33. All of the following issues or developments in the 1992 political campaign revealed popular disgust with incumbents except a. the intractable budgetary crisis. b. the stagnant economy. c. the debate over "family values." d. the revelation that many House members had written bad checks from their accounts in a private House "bank": e. Ross Perot's winning of nearly 20% of the vote.
c
33. Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, (D) invasion of Italy a) D, C, B, A b) A, C, B, D c) B, D, A, C d) C, A, D, B e) A, D, B, C
c
34. Modem conservatism springs from a. a repudiation of government. b. a disapproval of priorities and strategies from the New Deal. c. a disapproval of priorities and strategies from the Great Society. d. a dislike of technology. e. all of the above.
c
34. The 1920 census revealed that for the first time most a) men worked in manufacturing b) adult women were employed outside the home c) Americans lived in cities d) Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West e) Families had fewer than four children
c
35. After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk, a) Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act b) the U.S. Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments c) Congress allowed the arming of U.S. merchant vessels d) Congress forbade U.S. ships to enter combat zones e) Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent
c
35. Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of a) abortion rights b) woman suffrage c) birth control d) free love e) the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
c
35. Which of the following was not among the ways that the "New Right" of the 1980s imitated the tactics and approaches of the "New Left" of the 1960s? a. "making the personal political" b. practicing "identity politics" c. seizing control of colleges and universities d. using small group sessions to "raise consciousness" e. engaging in tactics of street protest and civil disobedience
c
36. The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged Communist influence was a. Argentina. b. El Salvador. c. the Dominican Republic d. Panama. e. Mexico.
c
8. The Immigration Act of 1924 was formulated to impose immigration quotas based on a) economic skills b) literacy c) religious beliefs d) nationality e) family status
d
37. While many of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, the one that remained strong and even gathered momentum in the 1970s was a. the counterculture movement. b. the peace movement. c. the feminist movement. d. the civil rights movement. e. the antipoverty movement.
c
39. The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy a. came with the bombing of Cambodia. b. occurred when Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resigned. c. was the Tet offensive of 1968. d. occurred when Senator J. William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee held public hearings on the war. e. came with the revelation that the Tonkin Gulf attacks had been provoked by the U.S.
c
4. Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II a) due to numerous acts of sabotage b) in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese c) as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear d) because many were loyal to Japan e) all of the above
c
41. The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand a) the removal of American troops from Nicaragua. b) passage of legislation introducing a lower tariff. c) immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans. d) punishment for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C. e) housing and health care assistance for veterans.
c
41. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because a. the Catholic Church opposed it. b. many Americans realized that its goals had already been achieved without amending the Constitution. c. an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it. d. many suspected that it would require such things as rigid quotas and unisex bathrooms. e. many Americans believed that equal gender treatment was a matter of changing attitudes, not creating laws.
c
46. Which of the following was not a consequence of the American policy of raising tariffs sky-high in the 1920s? A) the postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged. B) international economic distress deepened. C) the American economy slipped into recession. D) European nations raised their own tariffs. E) American foreign trade declined.
c
46.Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly a)in order to win support from American Catholics. b)because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies. c)in hope of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany. d)to win favor with American liberals and leftists. e)to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields.
c
5. John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response" a. was an updated version of John Foster Dulles's doctrine of massive retaliation. b. was used in his battle with the leadership of the steel industry. c. called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis. d. required increased spending on a variety of nuclear weapons systems to be deployed around the world. e. cut back nuclear weapons in favor of guerilla forces.
c
5. The minority groups most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was a) German-Americans b) blacks c) Japanese-Americans d) American communists e) Italian-Americans
c
5. The post-World War Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except a) fundamentalist religion b) opposition to birth control c) opposition to prohibition d) repression of pacifists e) anti-Catholicism
c
51. President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the a. Panama Canal Treaty. b. Helsinki accords. c. Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt. d. SALT II Treaty. e. Iran hostage release.
c
51.The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act a)raised America's tariff schedule. b)inhibited President Roosevelt's efforts to implement his Good Neighbor policy. c)increased America's foreign trade. d)was most strongly opposed in the South and West. e)was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany.
c
53. The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was a. the Panamanian seizure of the Panama Canal. b. the collapse of the Camp David accords between Israel and Egypt. c. the ominous reheating of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. d. the taking of American hostages in Lebanon. e. the threatened Chinese invasion of Taiwan.
c
54.Fascist aggression in the 1930s included Mussolini's invasion of ____________, Hitler's invasion of ____________, and Franco's overthrow of the republican government of ____________. a)Egypt; France; Poland b)Albania; Italy; Austria c)Ethiopia; Czechoslovakia; Spain d)Belgium; the Soviet Union; France e)Ethiopia; Norway; Portugal
c
56. The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when a. the Ayatollah Khomeini overthrew the Shah. b. America's allies approved the hostage takeover. c. President Carter's attempted rescue mission ended in disaster. d. some of the hostages took the side of their Iranian captors. e. the Iranians demonstrated their control of American oil supplies.
c
64.Shortly after Adolf Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union a)Britain and France signed a similar agreement. b)the Soviets attacked China. c)Germany invaded Poland and started World War II. d)Italy signed a similar agreement with the Soviets. e)the Germans invaded Finland.
c
7. According to John Dewey, a teacher's primary goal is to a) reduce permissiveness in the classroom b) emphasize the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic c) educate a student for life d) teach the biblical theory of Creation e) develop a sense of history
c
7. American military forces entered Vietnam in order to a. try to drive the communists out of North Vietnam. b. help to stage a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem. c. prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists. d. establish defensive perimeters around Saigon and other Vietnamese cities. e. promote democratic reforms in South Vietnam.
c
72.In 1940, in exchange for American destroyers, the British gave the United States a)"most favored nation" status. b)a role in developing the atomic bomb. c)eight valuable naval bases in the Western hemisphere. d)access to German military codes. e)six air bases in Scotland and Iceland.
c
80.After the Greer was fired upon, the Kearny crippled, and the Reuben James sunk a)Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act. b)the United States Navy began escorting merchant vessels carrying lend-lease shipments. c)Congress allowed the arming of United States merchant vessels. d)Congress forbade United States ships to enter combat zones. e)Roosevelt told the public that war was imminent.
c
Anti-imperialists presented all the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands EXCEPT (a) It would violate "the consent of the governed" philosophy in the Declaration of Independence (b) Imperialism abroad might lead to despotism at home (c) The islands were still rightfully Spain's, since they were taken after the armistice had been signed (d) Annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of East Asia (e) Imperialism was likely to be more costly than profitable
c
Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the _______________ "labor's Magna Charta." A) Federal Reserve Act B) Underwood Tariff Act C) Clayton Anti—Trust Act D) Sixteenth Amendment E) Workmen's Compensation Act
c
How did the United States' position in world affairs change by the beginning of the 20th century? (a) The United States became the most powerful country in the world (b) The United States began to import much more than it exported (c) The United States acquired its own empire, departing from its anticolonial traditions (d) The United States extended humanitarian aid to any place it was necessary (e) The United States tended toward isolationism, remembering Washington's advice
c
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included all of the following except a call for A) antitrust legislation. B) monetary reform. C) dollar diplomacy. D) tariff reductions. E) support for small business.
c
One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it A) opened new markets in Germany and Austria—Hungary. B) suffered severe business losses. C) conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies. D) turned more of its economic activity toward Latin America and Asia. E) virtually ended American international trade.
c
Political progressivism [A] began in Northeastern big cities. [B] made little difference in American life. [C] emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government. [D] died out shortly after Teddy Roosevelt stepped down as president. [E] was more a minority movement than a majority mood.
c
President Woodrow Wilson refused to intervene in the affairs of Mexico until A) American business investors demanded protection. B) Venustiano Carranza became president of Mexico. C) American sailors were arrested in the port of Tampico. D) William Randolph Hearst and his newspaper began a campaign for involvement. E) Pancho Villa conducted raids into New Mexico.
c
Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was [A] economic equality. [B] democratic participation. [C] governmental efficiency. [D] urban planning. [E] free enterprise.
c
The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass A) mandatory fire escape plans for all businesses employing more than ten people. B) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries. C) restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry. D) zoning regulations governing where factories could be located. E) laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.
c
When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt's name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it A) demonstrated that the Republican party supported woman suffrage. B) ensured Roosevelt's defeat by William Howard Taft. C) symbolized the rising political status of women. D) showed that Roosevelt had lost touch with public opinion. E) demonstrated his concern for international peace.
c
When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the [A] unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry. [B] deplorable conditions in the drug industry. [C] plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry. [D] unhealthy effects of beef consumption. [E] corruption in the United States Senate.
c
Which statement most accurately characterizes the U.S. Army's performance in Cuba during the Spanish American War? (a) A model of tactical brilliance in an essential guerrilla campaign (b) More successful than that of the U.S. Navy (b) Crippled by logistical chaos and disease that killed thousands of soldiers (c) Too dependent on the professional military leadership of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (d) Weakened by lingering tensions in between former Union and Confederate officers
c
Woodrow Wilson's attitude toward the masses can best be described as A) open contempt. B) public support but private dislike. C) having faith in them if they were properly educated. D) indifference. E) trust in their natural common sense.
c
Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct an anti—imperialist U. S. foreign policy were first undermined when he A) withdrew support from American investors in Latin America and China. B) repealed the Panama Canal Tolls Act. C) sent American marines to Haiti. D) promised eventual independence to the Philippines. E) conducted a buildup of American military forces in Hawaii.
c
The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the a. Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. Voting Rights Act of 1965. c. Twenty-Fourth Amendment. d. War on Poverty. e. Twenty-Fifth Amendment.
c. Twenty-Fourth Amendment.
The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized a. the still-troubled racial situation in the South. b. the rise of the Black Muslim movement in Los Angeles. c. a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement. d. the power of Martin Luther King in the black community. e. the ineffectiveness of the Voting Rights Act.
c. a more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement.
When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through a. a massive foreign-aid program. b. large-scale government spending programs. c. a tax cut. d. reducing expenditures on the space program. e. a looser monetary policy.
c. a tax cut.
John F. Kennedy's strategy of flexible response a. was an updated version of John Foster Dulles's doctrine of massive retaliation. b. was used in his battle with the leadership of the steel industry. c. called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis. d. required increased spending on a variety of nuclear weapons systems to be deployed around the world. e. cut back nuclear weapons in favor of guerrilla forces.
c. called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis.
The Alliance for Progress, which intended to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in Latin America, was a. effectively implemented by American Peace Corps volunteers. b. effective economically but ineffective in developing pro-American sentiment in the region. c. generally disappointing. d. weakened by the Kennedy administration's harsh policies toward Cuba. e. an incentive for growing Soviet intervention in the region.
c. generally disappointing
In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on a. flexible response. b. massive retaliation. c. peaceful coexistence. d. gradual escalation. e. containment.
c. peaceful coexistence.
The three P's that largely explain the cultural upheavals of the 1960s are a. poverty, political radicalism, and protest against authority. b. public schools, parietal rules, and parental restrictions. c. population bulge, protest against Vietnam, and prosperity. d. patriotism, prowar enthusiasm, and perfectionism. e. the pill, pot, and popular rock music.
c. population bulge, protest against Vietnam, and prosperity.
American military forces entered Vietnam in order to a. try to drive the communists out of North Vietnam. b. help to stage a coup against Ngo Dinh Diem. c. prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists. d. establish defensive perimeters around Saigon and other Vietnamese cities. e. promote democratic reforms in South Vietnam.
c. prevent Ngo Dinh Diem's regime from falling to the communists.
Lyndon Johnson gained strong support for federal aid to education by a. making sure that the funds would flow primarily to needy students. b. guaranteeing that no aid would be given to Catholic schools. c. sidestepping the controversy over parochial schools by channeling aid directly to students. d. focusing on improving educational quality rather than racial integration. e. directing funds toward higher education only.
c. sidestepping the controversy over parochial schools by channeling aid directly to students.
During the 1963 March on Washington, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous "I Have A Dream Speech," in which he proclaimed a. that blacks would become more militant if their rights were not secured. b. that a black man would one day be president c. that his children would one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin. d. All of these
c. that his children would one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin.
The Latin American nation where Lyndon Johnson sent 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged communist influence was a. Argentina. b. El Salvador. c. the Dominican Republic. d. Panama. e. Mexico.
c. the Dominican Republic.
All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except a. the National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. b. Project Head Start. c. the Peace Corps. d. Medicare. e. the Office of Economic Opportunity.
c. the Peace Corps.
At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill a. had been passed, much to the satisfaction of African Americans. b. had been passed, but greatly weakened by amendments. c. was still bogged down in Congress. d. was on the desk waiting to be signed into law. e. was locked in a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
c. was still bogged down in Congress.
The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy a. came with the bombing of Cambodia. b. occurred when Defense Secretary Robert McNamara resigned. c. was the Tet offensive of 1968. d. occurred when Senator J. William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee held public hearings on the war. e. came with the revelation that the Tonkin Gulf attacks had been provoked by the United States.
c. was the Tet offensive of 1968.
Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by a. restoring the gold standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency. b. reassuring Americans that all their banking deposits were safe. c. providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks. d. establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee deposits. e. closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.
closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis
Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by
closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis. (E)
One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it
conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies. (C)
In response to the need to develop greater and greater mass markets for their products, American business in the 1920s relied especially on the new techniques of
consumer advertising. (D)
The conscription law during World War I differed from the Civil War draft especially because it
contained no provisions for hiring a substitute or purchasing an exemption.
Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by A) Porfirio Diaz. B) Venustiano Carranza. C) Pancho Villa. D) Victoriano Huerta. E) Emiliano Zapata.
d
The Glass-Steagall Act a. took the United States off the gold standard. b. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily. c. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange. d. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings. e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.
created the federal deposit insurance corporation to insure individual bank deposits
Although speakeasies and hard liquor flourished, historians argue that prohibition wasn't entirely a failure for all of the following reasons except
crime levels decreased. (D)
1. As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt a) led a seriously divided nation into the conflict b) endorsed the same kind of government persecution of German-Americans as Wilson had in World War I c) called the American people to the same kind of idealistic crusade with the same rhetoric that Wilson had used in World War I d) decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on hold e) declared that the first strategic goal was recovery from Pearl Harbor
d
1. The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by a) the wartime migration of rural blacks to northern cities b) the strict enforcement of prohibition laws c) evolutionary science's challenge to the biblical story of the Creation d) the public's association of labor violence with its fear of revolution e) the threat created by the Communist Revolution in Russia
d
11. The strong "tax revolt" against extensive government programs and spending was spurred by the passage of Proposition 13 in __________. a. Arizona. b. Wisconsin. c. New Hampshire. d. California. e. Oregon.
d
11. While American workers, on the whole, were committed to the war effort, several unions went on strike. The most prominent was the a) Teamsters b) Amalgamated Meat Packers c) Longshoremen d) United Mine Workers e) Industrial Workers of the World
d
12. The first Polish immigrants to come to America arrived a) in the late 19th century b) during the Revolutionary War c) during the Great Depression d) at Jamestown in 1608 e) as Civil War volunteers
d
13. Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources except a) agents from U.S. railroads b) letter from friend and relatives c) agents from steamship lines d) Catholic missionaries e) Polish-American businesspeople
d
13. The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it worked to undermine and overthrow the leftist government of a. Cuba. b. Mexico. c. China. d. Chile. e. Sweden.
d
15. The most spectacular example of lawlessness in the 1920s was a) New York City b) New Orleans c) Brooklyn d) Chicago e) Las Vegas
d
16. The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King, Jr., provided critical support for a. the War on Poverty. b. the Democratic party. c. the Voting Rights bill. d. the civil rights bill to end segregation. e. jobs and medicare.
d
16. Which of the following descriptive attributes is least characteristic of President Coolidge? a) honesty b) frugality c) shyness d) wordiness e) caution
d
17. Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan a. was a direct attack on affirmative action. b. aimed at giving direct economic assistance to business. c. attempted to counter the Supreme Court's opposition to affirmative action. d. required construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices. e. aimed to renovate inner cities like those in Philadelphia.
d
18. The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was a. very small. b. that Johnson intended his to help groups and Nixon intended his to help individuals. c. that Nixon's actions applied only to educational opportunities and did nothing for employment, while Johnson's helped both. d. that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups. e. that Johnson established quotas and Nixon ended them.
d
18. The term "yuppies" was slang applied to a. the animal-rights movement. b. people who maintained homes on both the east and west coasts. c. high-living young people who practiced "conspicuous consumption." d. young people who volunteered for service in the inner city. e. hippies of the 1960s.
d
19. During World War II, American Indians a) demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries b) rarely enlisted in the armed forces c) moved south to replace African-American laborers d) moved off reservations in large numbers e) promoted recovery of tribal languages
d
19. The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the issue of a) progressive education b) schools' efforts to create socially useful adults c) teachers' membership in the Ku Klux Klan d) teaching evolution in public schools e) prayer in the public schools
d
21. To President Reagan, "the focus of evil in the modem world." was a. anti-American terrorists. b. the federal bureaucracy. c. political liberalism. d. the Soviet Union. e. the Ayatollah Khomeini.
d
22. George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party a. by advocating a cut in Social Security. b. when he advocated an end to the Vietnam War. c. when it was discovered that he had undergone psychiatric care. d. by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth. e. by opposing the power of labor unions.
d
22. The first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party was a. Elizabeth Dole. b. Sandra Day O'Connor. c. Jeanne Kirkpatrick. d. Geraldine Ferraro. e. Janet Reno.
d
24. The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of a) Leyte Gulf b) Bataan and Corregidor c) the Coral Sea d) Midway e) Guadalcanal
d
26. In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs a. did no good at all. b. actually increased the poverty rate. c. proved that poverty could not be papered over with greenbacks. d. won some noteworthy battles in education and health care. e. received more money than they could effectively spend.
d
26. In waging war against Japan, the United States relied on a strategy of a) heavy bombing from Chinese air bases b) invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia c) fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan "hump" d) "island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds e) turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska
d
27. Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best know for his a) development of the gasoline engine b) thoughts on Darwinian evolution c) efforts to clean up polluted cities d) efforts to promote efficiency by eliminated wasted motions e) concern for worker safety
d
28. Before the automobile, the ________________ industry dominated the American economy. a) railroad b) farming c) oil d) steel e) electricity
d
3. Edward Kennedy's campaign to take the presidential nomination away from Jimmy Carter in 1980 was handicapped by a. his poor performance as a senator. b. a growing dislike for the Kennedys. c. Carter's popularity. d. lingering suspicions about his involvement in an automobile accident in which a young woman was killed. e. his inability to reach beyond New England.
d
3. In the early 1960s French President Charles de Gaulle a. proposed a multinational nuclear force under NATO control. b. sought closer ties with Britain and the United States. c. favored an economically and militarily united "Atlantic Community." d. resisted American by developing an independent French nuclear force. e. fought to hold onto the French empire in Africa and Vietnam.
d
3. The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to a. American reliance on Middle Eastern oil. b. the Social Security and Medicare programs for the elderly. c. the increases in military spending of the 1960s. d. the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice. e. reliance on the dollar as a stable international currency.
d
31. All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith except his a) Catholic religion. b) support for repeal of prohibition. c) big-city background. d) failure to win the support of American labor. e) radio speaking skill.
d
31. As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a. whites left the South in record numbers. b. centuries of discrimination and oppression ended. c. whites refused to do business with blacks. d. white southerners began to court black votes. e. the South became strongly Democratic.
d
32. As one consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union, a. religious rivalries in Russia ended. b. Solidarity rose in Poland. c. the entire European continent became more stable. d. long-suppressed ethnic hatreds flared in the former Soviet republics. e. the rivalry between Russia and China ended.
d
32. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to a) destroy the last remnants of European imperialism b) promote the national independence of all European nations c) contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union d) force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan e) create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance
d
33. The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was a. signing the Helsinki accords with the Soviet Union. b. frantically evacuating the last Americans and Vietnamese by helicopter during the fall of South Vietnam to the Communists. c. arranging the deal whereby Nixon resigned the president. d. pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while president. e. pardoning Vietnam War draft resisters and evaders.
d
33. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the U.S. a) promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver b) refused to provide any help, either military or economic c) gave only non-military aid to Russia d) made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets e) sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases
d
33. When elected to the presidency in 1828, Herbert Hoover a) was militantly anti-labor. b) brought little administrative talent or experience to the job. c) understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the Great Depression. d) was a millionaire. e) had been a successful governor of California.
d
36. The Supreme Court cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey a. in effect overturned the Roe v. Wade abortion decision. b. prohibited abortion in cases of rape or incest. c. strongly affirmed a woman's right to have an abortion. d. permitted states to place some restrictions on abortion. e. permitted abortion opponents to engage in "sidewalk counseling" and other tactics near abortion clinics.
d
37. To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans cited a) increased consumption of alcohol b) the decline of fundamentalism c) the development of the National Women's party d) the theories of Sigmund Freud e) the influence of explicit movies
d
38. The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General a) George Patton b) Dwight Eisenhower c) Douglas MacArthur d) Bernard Montgomery e) Omar Bradley
d
39. The ___________________ was an 'alphabetical agency' set up under Hoover's administration to bring the government into the anti-depression effort. a) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) b) National Recovery Administration (NRA) c) Works Progress Administration (WPA) d) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) e) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
d
39. The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following: a. "Congress shall pass no law restricting the equal right of privacy in marital relations or reproduction." b. "The equal rights of unborn citizens of the United States under the Fourteenth Amendment shall not be abridged." c. "Equal access to the courts of the United States and any state shall not be abridged on account of race, gender, or physical handicap." d. "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex." e. "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed by the courts or any state to prohibit the guarantee of equal pay for equal work to women."
d
40. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, (B) Atlantic Conference, (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union a) B, A, C b) A, B, C c) C, B, A d) A, C, B e) C, A, B
d
41. The explosive Senate hearings that nearly prevented Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas from being confirmed involved charges that Thomas was guilty of a. racial discrimination. b. jury tampering. c. plagiarism. d. sexual harassment. e. disrespecting civil liberties and the First Amendment.
d
42. The "spoiler" third-party candidate for president in 1968 was a. Robert F. Kennedy. b. Hubert H. Humphrey. c. Eugene McCarthy. d. George Wallace. e. George McGovern.
d
43. In response to the League of Nations' investigation into Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria, a) the U.S. became an official member of the League. b) Japan withdrew its troops. c) it initiated a boycott of Japanese goods. d) Japan left the League. e) the U.S. and China moved toward an alliance.
d
43. The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to a. encourage voluntary busing programs. b. cause Congress to pass laws equalizing school funding in different districts. c. turn public attention to eliminating segregated housing patterns. d. reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs. e. end school busing programs in favor of the neighborhood school.
d
44. The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by a) assuring the Japanese that there would be no "war crimes" trials b) guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers c) agreeing not to drop more than tow atomic bombs on Japan d) agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne e) permitting the Japanese to retain a st5rong army but no real navy
d
44. The 1932 Stimson doctrine a) reversed the U.S.' long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America. b) committed the U.S. to join the League of Nations' effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan for its invasion of Manchuria. c) announced the U.S.' willingness to outlaw was as an instrument of national policy. d) declared that the U.S. would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms. e) declared Japan and Germany 'rogue states.'
d
44. The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s a. was a new phenomenon for America. b. had been imported from Europe. c. touched all institutions except religion. d. had deep historical roots in American culture. e. arose from the music and drugs of the time.
d
45. One exception to President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism involved in the Middle East, where the United States sought to A) support a homeland for Jews in Israel. B) prevent the League of Nations from establishing British and French protectorates in the region. C) stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area. D) secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies. E) curb the rise of Arab nationalism.
d
47. On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree? a. marriage b. how much to expect from the government, capitalism, and men c. pornography d. abortion rights e. maternity leaves and special protections for women in the workplace
d
47.In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the United States was motivated by a)treaty obligations. b)doubts about the islands' potential profitability. c)the view that the islands were militarily indefensible. d)the realization that the islands were economic liabilities. e)regrets over their imperialistic takeover in 1898.
d
50.The net effect of most of Franklin Roosevelt's early foreign policy moves was that a)the United States was developing a strong defense perimeter across the northern Atlantic Ocean. b)the United States was willing to accommodate Stalin's Soviet Union but not Hitler's Germany. c)the United States was tilting toward engagement with undeveloped nations rather than with the Western world. d)the United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western hemisphere. e)Americans would be economically but not diplomatically engaged with the rest of the world.
d
58.From 1925 to 1940, the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence a)embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry. b)cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo. c)lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo. d)embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease. e)lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry.
d
6. In the 1800s the Japanese government drove many Japanese farmers off their land by a) confiscating property for military bases b) forcing them to work in factories c) conscripting them into the military d) imposing a steep land tax e) refusing to let them grow rice
d
68.During the 1930s, the United States admitted _________________________ Jewish refugees from Nazism. a)about one million b)almost no c)nearly six million d)about 150,000 e)only a handful of highly educated
d
7. Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except a. Vietnamization. b. extension of the war to Cambodia. c. massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam. d. increased American troop commitments. e. creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls.
d
7. The Supreme Court in the Muller and Adkins cases centered on a) racial differences. b) affirmative action. c) 'right to work' laws from several states. d) the question of whether women merited special legal and social treatment. e) antitrust legislation.
d
71.America's attempt to remain neutral in the war between the Axis powers and the Allies came to an end when a)Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. b)Germany attacked Poland. c)the conscription law was passed in 1940. d)France fell to Germany. e)Italy "stabbed France in the back."
d
77.When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the United States a)promised aid to the Soviets but did not deliver. b)refused to provide any help, either military or economic. c)gave only nonmilitary aid to Russia. d)made lend-lease aid available to the Soviets. e)sent U.S. ships to Soviet naval bases.
d
8. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of a. marines. b. African Americans. c. soldiers in their middle and late twenties. d. the least privileged young Americans. e. professional career soldiers.
d
8. The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they a) counted on drastic political change to fight social wrongs b) thrived on publicity rather than social change c) believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in less democracy and more government control d) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls e) refused to look beyond middle-class concerns
d
8. When the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, a) it took nearly two years for the country to unite b) the conflict soon b3ecame an idealistic crusade for democracy c) the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter d) a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about e) the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant
d
85.Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fall of France, (B) Atlantic Conference, and (C) Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. a)B, A, C b)A, B, C c)C, B, A d)A, C, B e)C, A, B
d
9. Despite President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism, the U.S. became involved in the Middle East to a) support a homeland for Jews in Israel. b) prevent the League of Nations from establishing British and French. protectorates in the region. c) stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area. d) secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies. e) curb the rise of Arab nationalism.
d
9. Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt a. saw big government as the foe of the common man, while Reagan named big business as the foe. b. appealed to the working class, while Reagan appealed only to the rich. c. advocated a "populist" political philosophy, while Reagan did not. d. branded big business as the enemy of the common man, while Reagan depicted big government as the foe. e. made effective use of the media to promote his message.
d
9. The __________ Amendment __________ the voting age to __________. a. Twenty-sixth; raised; twenty-one b. Twenty-fourth; lowered; eighteen c. Twenty-fifth; raised; nineteen d. Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen e. Twenty-sixth; lowered; sixteen
d
According to progressives, the cure for American democracy's ills was [A] socialism. [B] a more conservative government. [C] a third political party. [D] more democracy. [E] technical and scientific expertise
d
According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement may have been [A] mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War. [B] his efforts at consumer protection. [C] his efforts supporting the environment. [D] the Panama Canal.
d
As one progressive explained, the "real heart" of the progressive movement was to [A] to promote economic and social equality. [B] preserve world peace. [C] reinstate the policy of laissez-faire. [D] use the government as an agency of human welfare. [E] ensure the Jeffersonian style of government
d
Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except A) Haiti B) the Dominican Republic C) the Virgin Islands. D) Cuba. E) Mexico.
d
During the 1930s, the United States admitted _________________________ Jewish refugees from Nazism. a) about one million b) almost no c) nearly six million d) about 150,000 e) only a handful of highly educated
d
In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he A) appointed members of his cabinet without regard to their party affiliation. B) appointed a black man to the Supreme Court. C) endorsed woman suffrage. D) personally delivered his presidential address to Congress. E) rode with his defeated predecessor to the inauguration.
d
President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed [A] the Open Door policy. [B] sphere-of-influence diplomacy. [C] big-stick diplomacy. [D] dollar diplomacy. [E] the Good Neighbor policy.
d
Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism A) pinned its economic faith on competition and the breakup of large monopolies. B) opposed the growth of labor unions. C) sought to raise tariffs to protect American industry. D) supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business. E) favored state rather than federal government activism.
d
The Clayton Anti—Trust Act A) held that trade unions fell under the antimonopoly restraints of the Sherman Anti—Trust Act. B) regarded labor as an article of commerce. C) helped Congress to control interstate commerce. D) explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing. E) exempted farm cooperatives from antitrust action.
d
The case ofLochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling [A] declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers. [B] ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns. [C] declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment. [D] declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional. [E] upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers.
d
The first Jew to sit on the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was A) Felix Frankfurter. B) Arsene Pujo. C) Abraham Cahan. D) Louis D. Brandeis. E) Bernard Baruch.
d
The idea of "multiple-use resource management" included all of the following practices except [A] recreation. [B] sustained-yield logging. [C] watershed protection. [D] damming of rivers. [E] summer stock grazing
d
The net effect of most of Franklin Roosevelt's early foreign policy moves was that a) the United States was developing a strong defense perimeter across the northern Atlantic Ocean. b) the United States was willing to accommodate Stalin's Soviet Union but not Hitler's Germany. c) the United States was tilting toward engagement with undeveloped nations rather than with the Western world. d) the United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western hemisphere. e) Americans would be economically but not diplomatically engaged with the rest of the world.
d
The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to [A] inspire confidence in small business owners. [B] halt the trend toward combination and integration in business. [C] establish himself as a bigger "trustbuster" than William Howard Taft. [D] prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country. [E] fragment big business.
d
The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they a) counted on drastic political change to fight social wrongs b) thrived on publicity rather than social change c) believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in less democracy and more government control d) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls e) refused to look beyond middle-class concerns
d) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls
Theodore Roosevelt believed that trusts a) could be destroyed without damage to the American economy b) were greedy for power and wealth c) were too powerful to be regulated d) were here to stay with their efficient means of production e) should be balanced by strong labor unions
d) were here to stay with their efficient means of production
In the worldwide youthful protests of 1968, the movement in ____ succeeded in toppling the government, while the movement in ____ ended in harsh repression and failure. a. the United States; France b. Poland; France c. Germany; Britain d. France; Czechoslovakia e. Japan; the United States
d. France; Czechoslovakia
The spoiler third-party candidate for president in 1968 was a. Robert F. Kennedy. b. Hubert H. Humphrey. c. Eugene McCarthy. d. George Wallace. e. George McGovern.
d. George Wallace.
American and world public opinion turned strongly in favor of the civil rights movement when a. Senator Barry Goldwater came out in favor of the civil rights bill. b. Martin Luther King led a successful nonviolent march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. c. J. Edgar Hoover's wiretaps on Martin Luther King were exposed. d. Martin Luther King's peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham. e. Martin Luther King met with President Kennedy at the White House.
d. Martin Luther King's peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham.
Kennedy was often cautious and frustrated in advancing social reform and civil rights legislation because a. he was looking forward to winning a much larger mandate in the election of 1964. b. the civil rights movement's militant demands undercut public support for moderate reform. c. his own vice president, Lyndon Johnson, lobbied against the legislation behind his back. d. conservative southern Democrats controlled key Congressional committees. e. Republican majorities in the Senate blocked his legislative proposals.
d. conservative southern Democrats controlled key Congressional committees.
President Kennedy's most bitter confrontation with big business occurred when he a. raised taxes on corporate business profits. b. refused to support compensation for American businesses' lost investments in Cuba. c. demanded that the American oil industry stop driving up the price of gasoline. d. forced steel industry leaders to roll back steel price increases. e. lowered tariff rates to permit more European imports into the United States.
d. forced steel industry leaders to roll back steel price increases.
The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s a. was a new phenomenon for America. b. did not occur anywhere else in the world at that time. c. touched all institutions except religion. d. had deep historical roots in American culture. e. arose from the music and drugs of the time.
d. had deep historical roots in American culture.
The 1963 March on Washington led by Martin Luther King, Jr., provided critical support for a. the War on Poverty. b. the Democratic party. c. the Voting Rights bill. d. the civil rights bill to end segregation. e. jobs and medicare.
d. the civil rights bill to end segregation.
As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 a. whites left the South in record numbers. b. centuries of discrimination and oppression ended. c. whites refused to do business with blacks. d. white southerners began to court black votes. e. the South became strongly Democratic.
d. white southerners began to court black votes.
In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs a. did no good at all. b. actually increased the poverty rate. c. proved that poverty could not be papered over with greenbacks. d. won some noteworthy battles in education and health care. e. received more money than they could effectively spend.
d. won some noteworthy battles in education and health care.
Republican isolationists successfully turned Warren Harding's 1920 presidential victory into a
death sentence for the League.
As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt
decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe an dto place the Pacific war on hold
President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by
declaring it a crusade to "make the world safe for democracy"
The initial Republican strategy regarding the Treaty of Versailles was to
delay and amend the treaty.
In Congress, the most reliable support for Wilson's position on the League of Nations came from
democrats
During World I, civil liberties in America were
denied to many, especially those suspected of disloyalty
Although German-Americans were generally loyal citizens, during the war they were subjected to all of the following except
deportation back to Germany.
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it
destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic
The Potsdam conference
determined the fate of Eastern Europe
The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved
developing expanded markets of people to buy their products. (B)
The chief difference between Woodrow Wilson and the parliamentary statesmen at the Paris peace table was that Wilson
did not command a legislative majority at home
The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it
did not include the US
The American Social Security System, established by the New Deal, differed from most European social welfare systems primarily because it a. was opposed by large sectors of the public. b. did not permit the Social Security number to be used for identification and security purposes. c. did not address the issue of single mothers in the home with dependent children. d. linked unemployment and disability insurance to old age pensions. e. did not initially cover all categories of workers.
did not initially cover all categories of workers
President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed
dollar diplomacy
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included all of the following except a call for
dollar diplomacy. (C)
1. One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was a. the entry of large numbers of women in the work force. b. the Arab oil embargo. c. a decline in technological innovation. d. a lack of government safety and health regulations. e. a drastic decline in worker productivity.
e
10. Ronald Reagan began to abandon his liberal New Deal political philosophy and to espouse a conservative, antigovernment line a. after being elected governor of California. b. during World War II. c. when he discovered communist infiltration in Hollywood. d. when he became a wealthy movie star. e. when he became a spokesman for General Electric.
e
10. The top secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971, a. revealed President Nixon's role in the Watergate scandal. b. documented the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. c. exposed President Nixon's secret bombing war of Cambodia. d. was the first the American public knew of the Nixon Doctrine. e. exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.
e
10. When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered a. the installation of nuclear weapons in Turkey. b. surgical air strikes against the missile sites. c. the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. d. resumption of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. e. a naval quarantine of that island.
e
11. The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact a) formally ended World War I for the U.S., which had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. b) set a schedule for German payment of war reparations. c) established a battleship ration for the leading naval powers. d) condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria. e) outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry.
e
12. During World War II, a) labor unions declared a self-imposed moratorium on strikes b) unions actively combated racial discrimination c) farm production declined d) for security reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily halted e) labor unions substantially increased their membership
e
12. Richard Nixon's policy of détente a. was designed to improve relations between the Soviet Union and China. b. was aimed at ending the division of Germany and Korea. c. was a failure. d. found support in the Democratic party but not the Republican party. e. ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.
e
13. Because the U.S. raised its tariffs in the 1920s, a) European nations raised their tariffs. b) the postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged. c) international economic distress deepened. d) American foreign trade declined. e) all of the above.
e
14. Conservative Democrats who helped Ronald Reagan to pass his budget and tax-cutting legislation were called a. blue dogs. b. sagebrush rebels. c. scalawags. d. neoconservatives. e. boll weevils.
e
14. The main reason that the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WWII was a) union demands b) employer demands that they quit c) make discrimination on the job d) government requirements to hire veterans e) family obligations
e
15. President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of a. Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. b. Louisiana State University. c. the lunch counters of Greensboro, North Carolina. d. the bus stations in Birmingham, Alabama. e. the University of Mississippi.
e
15. The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of a) the treasury. b) state. c) the navy. d) commerce. e) the interior.
e
16. When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon a. sought to exclude African Americans. b. tried to repeal only food stamps and Medicaid. c. did little to reduce the poverty rate. d. did his best to do away with Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs. e. supported significant expansion in many areas.
e
17. At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill a. had been passed, much to the satisfaction of African Americans. b. had been passed, but greatly weakened by amendments. c. seemed to be stalled in Congress. d. was on the desk waiting to be signed into law. e. was locked in a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
e
19. All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency except a. the Environmental Protection Agency. b. Supplemental Security Income for the blind, disabled, and indigent aged. c. the Endangered Species Act. d. the Occupational Health and Safety Administration. e. the Medicare program.
e
2. Liberal Democrats complained that Jimmy Carter a. had failed to control inflation. b. negotiated the Panama Canal Treaty. c. had not aggressively pursued civil rights. d. failed to rescue the hostages in Iran. e. had removed regulatory controls from major industries.
e
2. Once at war, Americans first great challenge was to a) pass a conscription law b) raise an army and navy c) extend aid to the Soviet Union d) develop atomic weapons e) retool its industry for all-out war production
e
20. After the Scopes "Monkey Trial," a) fundamentalism disappeared outside the rural South b) John Scopes was sentenced to serve time in jail c) Christians found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the revelations of religion with modern science d) the gap between theology and biology began to close e) fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life
e
20. By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African-American community had shifted to a) Florida and the Carolinas b) southern cities c) the Pacific Northwest d) Midwestern small towns e) northern cities
e
20. In the mid-1920s President Coolidge twice refused to sign legislation proposing to a) exempt farmers' cooperatives from the antitrust laws. b) defend the family farm against corporate takeovers. c) make the U.S. a member of the World Court. d) lower taxes. e) subsidize farm prices.
e
21. President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the a. Great Crusade. b. Fair Deal. c. New Frontier. d. Johnson Revolution. e. Great Society.
e
21. Richard Nixon's "southern strategy" included the policy of a. completely overhauling the welfare system. b. ending the Vietnam War. c. moving nearly all military bases to the southern states. d. appointing only southerners to the Supreme Court. e. soft-pedaling civil rights and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.
e
23. Bruce Barton, author of The Man Nobody Knows, expressed admiration for Jesus Christ because Barton a) was a deeply religious man b) respected Christ's image of self-sacrifice c) thought Christ taught the proper use of money d) felt that Christ supported capitalism e) believed that Christ was the best advertising man of all time
e
23. For the Soviet Union's new policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to work, it was essential that the a. Soviets keep control of Eastern Europe. b. communist party engage in democratic competition. c. Middle East oilfields to be controlled by Soviet allies. d. United States send aid to Russia. e. Cold War end.
e
23. Robert La Follette's Progressive party advocated all of the following except a) government ownership of railroads. b) relief for farmers. c) opposition to anti-labor injunctions. d) opposition to monopolies. e) increased power of the Supreme Court.
e
23. Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their a. loyalty to the Kennedy legacy. b. faith in the Great Society promises. c. fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater. d. trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy. e. all of the above.
e
25. As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973, a. the United States ended the bombing of Cambodia. b. the United States stopped all economic and military aid to South Vietnam. c. North Vietnam withdrew all its troops from South Vietnam. d. the Viet Cong joined a coalition government in South Vietnam. e. the United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam.
e
26. Henry Ford's contribution to the automobile industry was a) installment credit buying of cars b) the internal combustion engine c) an enormous variety of automobile models with varied colors and styles d) design changes that improved speed e) relatively cheap automobiles
e
26. In 1986 Congress passed legislation mandating a. an end to the Grenada invasion. b. a reform of Social Security. c. an end to affirmative action. d. more spending for the military. e. a balanced budget by 1991.
e
27. In response to Congress's attempt to stop him from continuing the bombing of Cambodia, President Nixon a. began using secret agents to intimidate members of Congress. b. gradually reduced the number of bombing raids. c. shifted the bombing campaign to Laos. d. declared that he was stopping the bombing but continued the campaign secretly. e. repeatedly vetoed Congress's bills to halt the attacks.
e
27. The conquest of ________________ was especially important, because from there Americans could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands. a) Guadalcanal b) Wake Island c) New Guinea d) Okinawa e) Guam
e
28. As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, a. fewer Asians came to the U.S. b. the number of immigrants entering the country was reduced. c. the racial and ethnic makeup of the country was unchanged. d. sources of immigration tilted to Eastern Europe. e. sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
e
29. America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which a) ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean. b) established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the U.S., Britain, and Japan. c) condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria. d) aimed to prevent German re-armament. e) tried to solve the tangle of war-debt and war reparations payments.
e
3. Which of the following individuals was considered one of the "worst minds" of President Harding's cabinet? a) Herbert Hoover b) Calvin Coolidge c) Andrew Mellon d) Charles Evans Hughes e) Albert Fall
e
30. The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because a) they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would cripple each other b) men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific c) the Soviet Union requested a delay until it could join the campaign d) they believed that North Africa was more strategically important e) of British reluctance and lack of adequate shipping
e
31. The first "talkie" motion picture was a) The Great Train Robbery b) The Birth of a Nation c) The Wizard of Oz d) Gone with the Wind e) The Jazz Singer
e
32. One of Herbert Hoover's chief strengths as a presidential candidate was his a) adaptability to the give-and-take of political accommodation. b) considerable experience in running for political office. c) personal charm and charisma. d) ability to face criticism. e) talent for administration.
e
32. The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except a) a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists b) a direct challenge to the Axis dictators c) the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned d) the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production e) another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases trade
e
32. With the advent of radio and motion pictures, a) many people believed that popular tastes were elevated b) American culture became more parochial c) American regional accents disappeared d) the emergence of a working-class political coalition was halted e) much of the rich diversity of immigrant culture was lost
e
34. By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on a. housing. b. school integration. c. voting rights. d. black separation. e. economic demands.
e
34. The Atlantic Charter, developed by the U.S. and Britain, was also endorsed by a) Canada b) France c) Spain d) China e) the Soviet Union
e
35. After the Italian surrender in August, 1943, a) the Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy b) the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy c) the British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy d) the Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day e) the German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance
e
35. As a result of the Hawley Smoot Tariff of 1930, a) American industry grew more secure. b) duties on agricultural products decreased. c) American economic isolationism ended. d) campaign promises to labor were fulfilled. e) the worldwide depression deepened.
e
35. The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except a. the most sophisticated aircraft. b. hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops. c. enough time to win. d. enough money to build its own military. e. the will to win the war.
e
36. Job opportunities for women in the 1920s a) expanded dramatically b) offered higher-paying positions than before c) were plentiful in Hollywood and radio d) existed mainly in the area of education e) tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields
e
36. The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it a) delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe b) prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war c) enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands d) enabled the U.S. to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands e) destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures
e
36. When the North Vietnamese launched their full invasion of South Vietnam in 1975 a. the United States provided even more military aid to South Vietnam. b. the Chinese intervened to seek a neutral settlement. c. the United States renewed bombing against North Vietnam. d. all the South Vietnamese who supported the U.S. were trapped inside the country. e. the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed.
e
38. In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a "new world order" where a. Russia would join the democratic West in containing communist China. b. the United States would serve as policeman for the world. c. the United Nations would assert sovereignty over the rival nation-states. d. global capitalism would supersede all regional and local economies. e. democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry.
e
38. Jazz music was developed by a) Latinos b) Caribbean immigrants c) Caucasian impresarios d) American teenagers e) American blacks
e
38. President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression was to a) leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble. b) nationalize major industries. c) encourage the states to stimulate spending. d) blame it on big business. e) adopt unprecedented federal initiatives.
e
38. The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict a. Americans and Israelis. b. Israel and Saudi Arabia. c. Israel and the United States on the one hand and the Arabs and the Soviet Union on the other. d. the Israeli government and Jewish settlers on the West Bank. e. Israelis and Palestinians.
e
4. The 1962 Trade Expansion Act a. cut taxes to increase American purchasing power. b. provided incentives to American overseas investments. c. made the United States a member of the Common Market. d. raised the minimum-wage and Social Security benefits of most working-class Americans. e. reduced American tariffs.
e
4. The most tenacious pursuer of 'radical' elements during the red scare was a) Frederick W. Taylor b) William Jennings Bryan c) J. Edgar Hoover d) F. Scott Fitzgerald e) A. Mitchell Palmer
e
40. The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they a. violated the First Amendment by using a religious definition of "person." b. violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by placing a particular burden on women not placed on men. c. wrote into law a particular philosophical and scientific view of human life that imposed unfair treatment on those who disagreed. d. violated the Fifth Amendment by interfering with doctors' professional medical practices. e. violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person.
e
41. As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, a) Japan stalled an Allied victory b) Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey lost his first naval engagement c) Japan was nearly able to take Australia d) the U.S. could bomb Japan from land bases e) Japan was finished as a naval power
e
41. Buying stock "on margin" meant a) purchasing only a few shares b) purchasing inexpensive stock c) purchasing little-known stock d) purchasing risky stock e) making only a small down payment
e
41. During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following except a) expand presidential power b) shape the progressive movement c) aid the cause of the environment d) provide an international perspective e) tame capitalism
e
42. President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his a) decision to abandon the principle of 'rugged individualism.' b) construction of 'Hoovervilles' for the homeless. c) agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed. d) refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression. e) handling of the dispersal of the Bonus Army.
e
43. Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should a. negotiate an immediate end to the Vietnam War. b. withdraw U.S. troops to safe enclaves. c. withdraw American forces from Vietnam. d. escalate the bombing of North Vietnam. e. continue the war in pursuit of an "honorable peace."
e
43. The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred briefly by the belief that a) a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war b) the Germans might acquire such a weapon first c) the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own d) scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort e) the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan
e
44. The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by a) assuring the Japanese that there would be no "war crimes" trials b) guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers c) agreeing not to drop more than tow atomic bombs on Japan d) agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne e) permitting the Japanese to retain a st5rong army but no real navy
e
The two key goals pursued by progressives were to curb the threats posed by ________________ on the one hand and __________________ on the other. a) New immigrants; blacks b) feminists; patriarchal males c) the social gospel; the gospel of wealth d) the Old Guard; muckrakers e) trusts; socialists
e) trusts; socialists
44. The supreme Court in the Bakke case held that a. all forms of affirmative action in college admissions were unconstitutional. b. "reverse discrimination" was just as wrong as antiblack discrimination. c. public universities could impose racial quotas but private universities did not have to do so. d. it was acceptable for universities to establish minority-based programs and housing arrangements. e. racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.
e
44.As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's withdrawal from the London Economic Conference a)inflation in the United States was reduced. b)the United States was voted out of the League of Nations. c)tensions rose between the United States and Britain. d)the United States began to pull out of the Depression. e)the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened.
e
45. Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II? a) a group of highly effective military and political leaders b) an enormously effective effort in producing weapons and supplies c) a higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation d) the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction for the air e) the maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracy
e
46. The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was a. the Mattachine Society headquarters (Los Angeles). b. Fire Island, New York. c. Key West, Florida. d. Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana). e. the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
e
48.Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because a)there was a rising tide of anti-Americanism in Latin America. b)Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine. c)he feared the spread of communism in the region. d)the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the United States. e)he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against dictators.
e
5. Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his a. naturally conciliatory manner. b. inclination to try to work openly with antiwar liberals to halt the Vietnam War. c. close connection with former President Eisenhower. d. clear mandate from the public as a result of his 1968 election victory. e. expertise in foreign affairs.
e
50. The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was a. isolationism. b. containment. c. détente. d. unilateralism. e. human rights.
e
53.Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by a)assisting their victims with military aid. b)giving only economic help to the targets of aggression. c)beginning to build up their military forces. d)demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations. e)retreating further into isolationism.
e
54. The "oil shocks" of the 1970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that a. the private automobile was not sustainable as the major mode of transportation. b. they would have to invest in new forms of energy. c. the United States had run completely out of oil d. the United States would have to become militarily engaged in the Middle East conflicts. e. their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy.
e
55. The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets a. refused to sign the Helsinki accords. b. cracked down on Soviet dissidents. c. halted the immigration of Soviet Jews to Israel. d. helped Muslim fundamentalists to overthrow the shah of Iran. e. invaded Afghanistan.
e
55.By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to a)increase the size of the Supreme Court. b)limit a president to two terms. c)ban arm sales to foreign nations. d)require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas. e)forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum.
e
56.Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 by the United States resulted in all of the following except a)abandonment of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas. b)a decline in the navy and other armed forces. c)making no distinction between aggressors and victims. d)spurring aggressors along their path of conquest. e)balancing the scales between dictators and U.S. allies by trading with neither.
e
59.America's neutrality policy during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 did nothing to prevent a)Hitler from conquering Spain. b)the Loyalists from winning the war. c)Roosevelt and Francisco Franco from becoming personal friends. d)the Soviets from successfully defending the Spanish Republic. e)Spain from becoming a fascist dictatorship after Franco's victory.
e
6. The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against a) capitalism b) new immigration laws passed in 1924 c) the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s d) race riots e) the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture
e
6. While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy's doctrine or flexible response contained hidden dangers because it a. depended on maintaining secrecy from the American public. b. required reliance on corrupt or dictatorial allies. c. failed to provide a mechanism for the progressive use of force. d. could not really be applied outside of Europe. e. potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.
e
6. ____________________ was (were) adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of World War I. a) The cement industry b) The railroad industry c) The American Legion d) Veterans e) Organized labor
e
63.In 1938, the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference by effectively handing over to him the nation of a)Poland. b)Danzig. c)Austria. d)Belgium. e)Czechoslovakia.
e
66.Which of the following nations was not conquered by Hitler's Germany between September 1939 and June 1940? a)Norway b)The Netherlands c)France d)Poland e)Finland
e
Japan believed that it was forced into war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan
leave China
69.One of the few successful wartime American efforts to save Jews from perishing in the Holocaust came when a)Americans helped some German and Austrian Jews seek refugee in neutral Sweden and Switzerland. b)American Zionist organizations helped Romanian Jews escape to Israel. c)the U.S. Air Force bombed the rail lines leading to Auschwitz. d)American agents enabled French Jews to escape across the Pyrenees into Spain. e)Franklin Roosevelt's War Refugee Board helped some Hungarian Jews escape.
e
7. In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the U.S. were a) poorly educated b) primarily from the island of Hokkaido c) some of the poorest people to enter the country d) exclusively farmers e) select representatives of their nation
e
70.Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to a)revoke all the neutrality laws. b)expand naval patrols in the Atlantic. c)enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis. d)call for the quarantining of aggressor nations. e)pass a conscription law.
e
73.By 1940, a strong majority of American public opinion had come to favor a)the America First position. b)active participation in the war. c)permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain. d)shipping Britain everything except military weapons. e)providing Britain with "all aid short of war."
e
76.The 1941 lend-lease program was all of the following except a)a focus of intense debate between internationalists and isolationists. b)a direct challenge to the Axis dictators. c)the point when all pretense of American neutrality was abandoned. d)the catalyst that caused American factories to prepare for all-out war production. e)another privately arranged executive deal, like the destroyers-for-bases trade.
e
78.Compared to Roosevelt's two previous Republican opponents, Herbert Hoover and Alfred Landon, his 1940 opponent Wendell Willkie a)represented the traditional upper-class Eastern establishment of the Republican party. b)emphasized his sharp opposition to Roosevelt's foreign policy, not to the New Deal. c)enjoyed stronger support from the conservative base of the Republican party. d)was more politically experienced and knowledgable about the issues. e)ran a strong race on a positive, reformist platform.
e
79.In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he a)avoided attacking the New Deal. b)refused to raise the racial issue. c)declined to criticize Roosevelt for seeking a third term. d)avoided attacking the draft. e)avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.
e
8. The non-business group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World War I was a) labor. b) blacks. c) the Klu Klux Klan. d) women. e) veterans.
e
9. Generally, the immigration quota system adopted in the 1920s tended to discriminate against a) Canadians b) Northern and western Europeans c) Latin Americans d) Jews e) southern and eastern Europeans
e
All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except A) the direct election of senators. B) prohibition. C) women's suffrage. D) ending prostitution and "white slavery." E) abolishing special workplace protections for women.
e
America's strong support for Israel in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War led to a. a vigorous effort to end America's reliance on imported oil. b. considerably lower energy prices for European countries that had remained neutral in the war. c. an increasing alliance between Arab nations and the Soviet Union. d. America's growing reliance on Iran as its major source of Middle Eastern oil. e. an OPEC oil boycott of the United States and a subsequent energy crisis and recession.
e
As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria—Hungary as leaders of the _______________, while Russia and France were among the _______________. A) Central Powers; Holy Alliance B) Central Powers; Triple Alliance C) Allies; Central Powers D) Triple Alliance; Central Powers E) Central Powers; Allies
e
As a politician, Woodrow Wilson was A) clever and agile. B) a showman, like Teddy Roosevelt. C) a man with the common touch. D) willing to compromise with his opponents. E) inflexible and stubborn.
e
As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as A) mild conservative. B) reactionary. C) man who could readily work with Democratic party bosses. D) social radical. E) passionate reformer.
e
Compared to Roosevelt's two previous Republican opponents, Herbert Hoover and Alfred Landon, his 1940 opponent Wendell Willkie a) represented the traditional upper-class Eastern establishment of the Republican party. b) emphasized his sharp opposition to Roosevelt's foreign policy, not to the New Deal. c) enjoyed stronger support from the conservative base of the Republican party. d) was more politically experienced and knowledgable about the issues. e) ran a strong race on a positive, reformist platform.
e
Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of A) the need to assert female power against male oppression. B) America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations. C) women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. D) the harsh treatment of working women by employers. E) their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
e
From 1914 to 1916, trade between the United States and Britain A) decreased considerably. B) violated international neutrality laws. C) was carried only on British ships. D) was based on weapons shipments. E) pulled the American economy out of a recession.
e
In 1940, Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie avoided deepening the sharp divisions among the American people when he a) avoided attacking the New Deal. b) refused to raise the racial issue. c) declined to criticize Roosevelt for seeking a third term. d) avoided attacking the draft. e) avoided attacking Roosevelt for his increasingly interventionist policies.
e
The War on Poverty was inspired by a. the sickness and dire conditions President Johnson witnessed in the mining regions of Appalachia. b. Michael Harrington's book The Other America. c. increasing public faith that an affluent nation such as America should be able to end poverty. d. None of these e. All of these
e. All of these
In his second term, President Reagan departed from the militantly anti-Soviet stance of his first term by a. joining with Soviet leader Gorbachev to end Soviet-American political and military conflicts in the Third World. b. supporting Russia if it would let go of the territories held in its Soviet empire. c. agreeing that the Soviet Union had a legitimate sphere of interest in Eastern Europe. d. making the Soviet Union a major trading partner of the United States. e. negotiating and signing arms agreements with the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
e
In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised A) not to sink passenger ships. B) to maintain the territorial integrity of France. C) to halt its naval blockade of Britain. D) to halt all submarine warfare. E) not to sink passenger ships without warning.
e
Of the following legislation aimed at resource conservation, the only one associated with Roosevelt's presidency was the [A] Cary Act. [B] Desert Land Act. [C] Forest Reserve Act. [D] Clean Water Act. [E] Newlands Act
e
One of the few successful wartime American efforts to save Jews from perishing in the Holocaust came when a) Americans helped some German and Austrian Jews seek refugee in neutral Sweden and Switzerland. b) American Zionist organizations helped Romanian Jews escape to Israel. c) the U.S. Air Force bombed the rail lines leading to Auschwitz. d) American agents enabled French Jews to escape across the Pyrenees into Spain. e) Franklin Roosevelt's War Refugee Board helped some Hungarian Jews escape.
e
President Wilson insisted that he would hold _______________ to "strict accountability" for _______________. A) Britain; repaying the loans made to it by American bankers B) Britain; the disruption of American trade with the European continent C) Germany; starting the war D) Germany; fair treatment of civilians in Belgium E) Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare
e
The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of [A] conservation of natural resources. [B] the purity of food and drugs. [C] regulation of municipal utilities. [D] women's working conditions. [E] railroad regulation
e
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking system through the final authority given to the A) Secretary of the Treasury. B) President of the United States. C) United States Senate Banking Committee. D) locally elected regional banks. E) presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board.
e
The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was A) the National Consumers League. B) Hull House. C) the General Federation of Women's Clubs. D) the Progressive Party. E) the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
e
The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the Seventeenth and Eighteenth amendments added to the Constitution. The Seventeenth called for__________, and the Eighteenth called for__________. [A] income taxes, direct election of senators [B] woman suffrage, income taxes [C] woman suffrage, direct election of senators [D] prohibition, woman suffrage [E] direct election of senators, prohibition
e
To regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests," progressives advocated all of the followingexcept [A] referendum. [B] recall. [C] initiative. [D] direct election of U.S. senators. [E] socialism.
e
What was one key international effect of President Theodore Roosevelt's aggressive involvement in and active support for the Panamanian Revolution? (a) Making other nations reluctant to use the Panama Canal (b) Sparking nationalist revolts against American rule in Puerto Rico and United States (c) Allying the United States closely with Britain (d) Making all the Central American governments respect the United States (e) Increasing anti-American sentiment throughout Latin America
e
What was the most important reason that President McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain? (a) The business community universally supported the conflict. (b) The Spanish government had directly provoked and insulted the United States. (c) Spain refused to end the concentration camps and sign an armistice with Cuban rebels. (d) McKinley felt that the Teller Amendment would guarantee that the United States would note establish control of Cuba. (e) The American public, influenced by the yellow press and many leading Republicans demanded war in the aftermath of the sinking of the Maine.
e
When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that the A) large banks were scattered too widely around the country. B) Bank of the United States had been greatly weakened. C) banking system had been overregulated by the federal government. D) U.S. dollar was tied to gold. E) currency was inelastic.
e
Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines? A) Lusitania B) Arabic C) Sussex D) Titanic E) None of these was an American ship.
e
Which of the following was the most significant factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century? (a) The popular influence of the yellow press of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. (b) The desire for more farmland. (c) Construction of an American-built isthmian canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (d) A missionary zeal to civilize and bring Christianity to the nonwhite peoples of the South Pacific, Caribbean, and Latin America. (e) The need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production
e
Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable surrounded by A) military veterans. B) Catholics. C) political professionals. D) journalists. E) academic scholars.
e
President Theodore Roosevelt branded reporters who tried to uncover injustice as 'muckrakers' because a) he saw them as trying to clean up society b) they brought ugly problems to public attention c) of their work in the 'muck' of the slums d) of their coverage of the meat-packing industry e) he was annoyed by their excessive zeal
e) he was annoyed by their excessive zeal
41. During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following except a) expand presidential power b) shape the progressive movement c) aid the cause of the environment d) provide an international perspective e) tame capitalism
e) tame capitalism
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to
force the unconditional surrender of bother Germany and Japan
Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their a. loyalty to the Kennedy legacy. b. faith in the Great Society promises. c. fear of the Republican nominee, Barry Goldwater. d. trust in Johnson's Vietnam policy. e. All of these
e. All of these
President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the a. Great Crusade. b. Fair Deal. c. New Frontier. d. Johnson Revolution. e. Great Society.
e. Great Society.
The 1967 Six-Day War intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict by bringing into constant, direct conflict a. Americans and Israelis. b. Israel and Saudi Arabia. c. Israel and the United States on the one hand and the Arabs and the Soviet Union on the other. d. the Israeli government and Jewish settlers on the West Bank. e. Israelis and Palestinians.
e. Israelis and Palestinians.
The political challenge to President Johnson's Vietnam policies gained great momentum when a. the Senate voted to cut off funds for any further escalation of the war. b. the favorite for the Republican nomination, Richard Nixon, began opposing the war. c. third-party challenger George Wallace began criticizing Johnson. d. Vice President Hubert Humphrey turned against Johnson's policies. e. Senator Eugene McCarthy nearly defeated Johnson in the New Hampshire Democratic primary.
e. Senator Eugene McCarthy nearly defeated Johnson in the New Hampshire Democratic primary.
The focal point of congressional opposition to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam War policy was a. the Republican party in both the Senate and the House. b. the Senate office of Vice President Hubert Humphrey. c. Senator Richard Russell's Armed Services Committee. d. the House Ways and Means Committee. e. Senator William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee.
e. Senator William Fulbright's Foreign Relations Committee.
When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered a. the installation of nuclear weapons in Turkey. b. surgical air strikes against the missile sites. c. the invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. d. resumption of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. e. a naval quarantine of that island.
e. a naval quarantine of that island.
Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should a. negotiate an immediate end to the Vietnam War. b. withdraw U.S. troops to safe enclaves. c. withdraw American forces from Vietnam. d. escalate the bombing of North Vietnam. e. continue the war in pursuit of an honorable peace.
e. continue the war in pursuit of an honorable peace.
By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on a. housing. b. school integration. c. voting rights. d. black separation. e. economic demands.
e. economic demands.
Former vice president Richard Nixon essentially won the 1968 presidential election by a. promising to escalate the Vietnam War and win a decisive victory there. b. repudiating Goldwater conservatives and running as a liberal Republican. c. re-asserting the Republican party's historic commitment to civil rights and civil liberties. d. arguing that the Vietnam War had been a mistake from the beginning. e. exploiting Democratic divisions and appealing to moderately conservative law and order sentiment.
e. exploiting Democratic divisions and appealing to moderately conservative law and order sentiment.
The 1962 Trade Expansion Act a. cut taxes to increase American purchasing power. b. provided incentives to American overseas investments. c. made the United States a member of the Common Market. d. raised the minimum-wage and Social Security benefits of most working-class Americans. e. reduced American tariffs.
e. reduced American tariffs.
The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except a. creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. b. prohibiting discrimination based on gender. c. banning sexual as well as racial discrimination. d. banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public. e. requiring affirmative action against discrimination.
e. requiring affirmative action against discrimination.
As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 a. fewer Asians came to the United States. b. the number of immigrants entering the country was reduced. c. the racial and ethnic makeup of the country was unchanged. d. sources of immigration tilted to Eastern Europe. e. sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
e. sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was a. the Mattachine Society headquarters (Los Angeles). b. Fire Island, New York. c. Key West, Florida. d. Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana). e. the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
e. the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of a. Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. b. Louisiana State University. c. the lunch counters of Greensboro, North Carolina. d. the bus stations in Birmingham, Alabama. e. the University of Mississippi.
e. the University of Mississippi.
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans
earnestly hoped to stay out of the war. (A)
According to John Dewey, a teacher's primary goal is to
educate students for life by active learning methods. (C)
28. In return for old American destroyers, the British gave the U.S. a) "most favored nation" status b) a role in developing the atomic bomb c) eight valuable naval bases d) access to German military codes e) six air bases in Scotland and Iceland
eight valuable naval bases
In return for old American destroyers, the British gave the US
eight valuable naval bases
From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence
embargo to cash and carry to lend-lease
15. From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence: a) embargo to lend-lease to cash-and-carry b) cash-and-carry to lend-lease to embargo c) lend-lease to cash-and-carry to embargo d) embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease e) lend-lease to embargo to cash-and-carry
embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government. b. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims. c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887. d. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government. e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.
encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims
The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would
encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible
Difficulties in Mexico in the early 20th century affected the U.S. by
encouraging massive migration of Mexicans across the border. (B)
Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to
establish the League of Nations
The United States used all of the following methods to support the war effort except
establishing government control of wages.
The Underwood Tariff Act and the Sixteenth Amendment reflected Wilson's progressive goals by
establishing the first graduated federal income tax. (A)
One of the primary obstacles to working class solidarity and organization in America was
ethnic diversity. (A)
Besides prohibiting anticompetitive business practices, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act broke new ground by
exempting labor unions and agricultural cooperatives from antitrust prosecution. (A)
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by a. nationalizing all banks and major industries. b. mobilizing America's youth as in wartime. c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism. d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover. e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.
experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform. (E)
The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for a. extensive social reforms and a balanced budget. b. deficit spending and a higher military budget. c. higher tariffs and support for American manufacturers. d. nationalization of key industries. e. breaking up monopolistic corporations and supporting small business.
extensive social reforms and a balanced budget
The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for
extensive social reforms and a balanced budget. (A)
During World War I, the government's treatment of labor could be best described as
fair..
The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WW II was
family obligations
All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except a. dry-farming techniques. b. drought. c. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment. d. the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains. e. soil erosion.
farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment
All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except
farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment. (C)
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the busting of monopolies. (C)
African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except
fight in integrated combat units
As a result of their work supporting the war effort, women
finally received the right to vote
Women's participation in the war effort contributed greatly to the fact that they
finally received the right to vote.
The phrase Hundred Days refers to the a. worst months of the Great Depression. b. time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression. c. flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. d. "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration. e. time that all banks were closed by FDR.
flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of FDR's presidency
The phrase Hundred Days refers to the
flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. (C)
In adopting the Nineteenth Amendment, giving women the right to vote, the United States was
following the path already taken by other wartime governments like Britain and Germany.
The United States' main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following
foodstuffs, oil, munitions, and morale
12. By the mid-1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to a) increase the size of the Supreme Court b) limit a president to two terms c) ban arm sales to foreign nations d) require the president to gain Congressional approval before sending U.S. troops overseas e) forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum
forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum
By the mid 1930s, there was strong nationwide agitation for a constitutional amendment to
forbid a declaration of war by Congress unless first approved by a popular referendum
The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively. b. established the NRA. c. established the Social Security system. d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA). e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.
gave labor the right to bargain collectively
Opposition to the League of Nations by many United States Senators during the Paris Peace Conference
gave the Allied leaders in Paris a stronger bargaining position
The World War I military draft
generally worked fairly and effectively to provide military manpower.
All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible except
government stimulation of the economy. (A)
By 1938, the New Deal a. had lost most of its momentum. b. turned more toward direct relief than social reform. c. had plainly failed to achieve its objectives. d. had won over the majority of business people to its policies. e. was prepared to embark on ambitious new initiatives.
had lost most of its momentum
The McNary-Haugen Bill passed by Congress and twice vetoed by President Coolidge was aimed to assist American farmers by
having the federal government buy farm surpluses and sell them abroad. (B)
The major problem for George Creel and his Committee on Public Information was that
he oversold Wilson's ideals and led Americans and the world to expect too much.
The major problem for George Creel and his Committee on Public Information was that
he oversold Wilson's ideals and led the world to expect too much
When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933 a. Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority. b. he knew exactly what he wanted to do. c. he received unprecedented congressional support. d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible. e. he at first proceeded cautiously.
he received unprecedented congressional support
When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933
he received unprecedented congressional support. (C)
Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because
he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs. (C)
6. Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because a) there was a rising tide of anti-Americanism in Latin America b) Congress had repealed the Monroe Doctrine c) he feared the spread of communism in the region d) the policy was part of the neutrality stance taken by the U.S. e) he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against European and Asian dictators
he was eager to enlist Latin America allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against European and Asian dictators
Franklin Roosevelt embarked on the Good Neighbor policy in part because
he was eager to enlist Latin American allies to defend the Western Hemisphere against European and Asian dictators
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except a. unemployment insurance. b. old-age pensions. c. economic provisions for the blind and disabled. d. support for the blind and physically handicapped. e. health care for the poor.
health care for the poor
In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to
help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land. (E)
In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California. b. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed. c. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl. d. find jobs for farmers in industry. e. help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.
help farmers who were victims of the dust bowl move to better land
Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through a. running for local offices in New York state. b. her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations. c. her long resistance to Franklin Roosevelt's personal infidelities. d. her personal association with women's colleges and sororities. e. sitting in on Franklin Roosevelt's cabinet meetings when he was governor of New York.
her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations
Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through
her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations. (B)
Those who protested conscription during World War I did so because
hey disliked the idea of compelling a person to serve
4. Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly a) in order to win support for American Catholics b) because the Soviet leadership seemed to be modifying its harsher communist policies c) in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany d) to win favor with American liberals and leftists e) to open opportunities for American investment in Siberian oil fields
in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany
Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Union was undertaken partly
in hopes of developing a diplomatic counterweight to the rising power of Japan and Germany
German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning
in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany. (B)
Top gangster Al Capone was finally convicted and sent to prison for the crime of
income tax evasion. (B)
8. The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act a) raised America's tariff schedule b) inhibited President Roosevelt's efforts to implement his Good Neighborhood policy. c) increased America's foreign trade d) was most strongly opposed in the South and West e) was aimed at isolating Italy and Germany
increased America's foreign trade
The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
increased American's foreign trade
Senator Robert La Follette's Progressive party advocated all of the following except
increased power for the Supreme Court. (E)
Who was finally most responsible for the Senate defeat of the Treaty of Versailles?
isolationists
The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to
issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates. (A)
The 1912 presidential election was notable because
it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies. (A)
During the 1920s, the new system of buying on credit resulted in all of the following except
it led to huge defaults on monies owed. (E)
it marked the advent of ironclad ships.
it marked the advent of ironclad ships. 5. The battle at Antietam is considered a decisive moment in the Civil War for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (a) the display of Union military might kept France and England from attempting to intervene. (b) McClellan's success was based on the discovery of Lee's battle plans. (c) It gave Lincoln the confidence to write the Emancipation Proclamation. (d) it marked the advent of ironclad ships. (e) it changed the character and goals of the war.
The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because
it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public. (B)
When the United States entered the war in 1917, most Americans did not believe that
it would be necessary to send a large American army to Europe
When the United States entered the war in 1917, most Americans did not believe that
it would be necessary to send a large American army to Europe.
With 5 million members at its peak in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was known for all of the following except
its Catholicism. (B)
During World War II,
labor unions substantially increased their membership
9. President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy a) lowered tariffs to increase trade b) encouraged trade only with Latin America c) continued the policy that had persisted since the Civil War d) was reversed only after World War II e) sought protection for key U.S. industries
lowered tariffs to increase trade
President Franklin Roosevelt's foreign-trade policy
lowered tariffs to increase trade
When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the US
made lend lease aid available to the Soviets
All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except
many of the men had had criminal records. (C)
The Second Battle of the Marne was significant because it
marked the beginning of a German withdrawal that was never reversed
The Second Battle of the Marne was significant because it
marked the beginning of a German withdrawal that was never reversed.
When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that
money for lending was inelastic and heavily concentrated in New York City. (E)
President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court a. more conservative. b. more independent of Congress. c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs. d. less burdened with appellate cases. e. more respectful of the Constitution's original intent.
more sympathetic to New Deal programs
All of the following are true statements about Mexicans who settled in the area known as the borderlands except
most were single men without families. (C)
The Teapot Dome scandal was centered around corrupt deals and bribes involving
naval oil reserves. (A)
When the United States entered World War I, it was
not ready for its leap into global war
In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised
not to sink passenger ships without warning. (E)
The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict. (E)
During the 1920s, the Supreme Court
often ruled against progressive legislation. (A)
25. During World War II, the U.S. saved ________________ Jews from Nazism. a) about one million b) no c) about six million d) only a small number e) about 250,000
only a small number
During WWII, the US saved _____ Jews from Nazism
only a small number
The post-World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except
opposition to prohibition. (C)
The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except
organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase down German U-boats
The central provisions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act
outlawed corporate interlocking directorates and price discrimination against different purchasers. (D)
The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they
overextended themselves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains
One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
overproduction. (A)
26. Congress's first response to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to a) revoke all the neutrality laws b) expand naval patrols in the Atlantic c) enact a new neutrality law enabling the Allies to buy American war materials on a cash-and-carry basis d) call for the quarantining of aggressor nations e) pass a conscription law
pass a conscription law
Congress's first repsonse to the unexpected fall of France in 1940 was to
pass a conscription law
As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a
passionate reformer. (E)
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first ____ elected to the presidency since the Civil War.
person born in the South (A)
In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he
personally delivered his presidential State of the Union address to Congress. (D)
To secure passage of the Underwood Tariff Bill, Woodrow broke new ground by
personally presenting his case to Congress and arousing public opinion. (B)
President Woodrow Wilson persuaded the American people to enter World War I by
pledging to make the war "a war to end all wars" and to make the world safe for democracy
When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the
plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry
When the United States entered World War I, it was
poorly prepared to leap into global war.
In the decade after the war, feminists
pressed for more laws to protect women workers and end child labor.
At the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson sought all of the following goals
preventing a seizure of territory by the victors, a world parliament of nations to provide collective security, national self-determination for smaller European nations, free trade and freedom of the seas. except:an end to the European colonial empires in Africa and Asia.
Henry Ford's most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was
production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile. (E)
The advent of the gasoline-powered tractor in the 1920s meant that
productivity went way up but so did debt. (A)
John Dewey can rightly be called the "father of ____."
progressive education (B)
According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was
progressivism. (B)
Two constitutional amendments adopted in part because of wartime influences were the Eighteenth, which dealt with _______________, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was _______________.
prohibition; woman suffrage
Two constitutional amendments, adopted in part because of World War I, were the Eighteenth, which dealt with _____, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was _____.
prohibition; woman suffrage
Besides controlling the illegal liquor industry, American gangsters in the 1920s earned rich profits from all of the following activities except
prostitution. (E)
The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to
provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices. (D)
29. By 1940 American public opinion began to favor a) the American First position b) active participation in the war c) permitting U.S. volunteers to fight in Britain d) maintaining strict neutrality e) providing Britain with "all aid short of war"
providing Britain with "all aid short of war"
By 1940 American public opinion began to favor
providing Britain with "all aid short of war"
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for a. ending the Great Depression. b. providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism. c. undermining state and local governments. d. aiding big cities at the expense of farmers. e. attacking the American capitalist system.
providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism
The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during WWI resulted in
racial violence in the North
The movement of tens of thousands of Southern blacks north during World War I resulted in
racial violence in the North.
The Newlands Act, passed under Theodore Roosevelt's administration, was designed to
reclaim and irrigate unproductive lands
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by a. reducing agricultural production. b. subsidizing American farm exports overseas. c. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment. d. helping farmers to pay their mortgages. e. creating farm cooperatives.
reducing agricultural production
the following was among Wilson's Fourteen Points upon which he based America's idealistic foreign policy in World War I?
reduction of armaments, abolition of secret treaties, a new international organization to guarantee collective security, and the principle of national self-determination for subject peoples.
President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of ____ trusts.
regulating
The Works Progress Administration was a major ____ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range ____ program; and the Social Security Act was a major ____ program. a. relief; recovery; reform b. reform; recovery; relief c. recovery; relief; reform d. relief; reform; recovery e. reform; relief; recovery
relief; recovery; reform
The Works Progress Administration was a major ____ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range ____ program; and the Social Security Act was a major ____ program.
relief; recovery; reform (A)
10. Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by a) assisting their victims with military aid b) giving only economic help to the targets of aggression c) beginning to build up their military forces d) demanding an oil embargo on all warring nations e) retreating into isolationism
retreating into isolationism
Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
retreating into isolationism
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to
reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government. (A)
Senate opponents of the League of Nations as proposed in the Treaty of Versailles argued that it
robbed Congress of its war-declaring powers.
During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic _____ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia
rubber
The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by a. raising the tariff. b. imposing a tax on the sale of farms. c. selling government surplus grain. d. increasing taxes on the wealthy. e. taxing processors of farm products.
taxing processors of farm products
The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by
taxing processors of farm products. (E)
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that
the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan
The Germans gained an immense military advantage in the first months of 1918 because
the Bolsheviks took Russia out of the war allowing German troops to move to the western front.
From 1914 to 1916, America's growing trade with Britain and loss of trade with Germany essentially occurred because
the British navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes. (E)
As a condition of ending World War I, Woodrow Wilson demanded that
the German Kaiser be forced from power
Before Woodrow Wilson would agree to an armistice ending World War I fighting, he demanded that
the German kaiser be forced from power.
In 1924, the Democratic party convention defeated by only one vote a resolution condemning
the Ku Klux Klan. (A)
Of the following, the one least related to the other four is a. hydroelectric power. b. Muscle Shoals. c. the Securities and Exchange Commission. d. George W. Norris. e. the Tennessee Valley Authority.
the Securities and Exchange Commision
The Atlantic charter, developed by the US and Britain, was also endorsed by
the Soviet Union
At the wartime Teheran Conference,
the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months
After the Italian surrender in August 1943,
the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy
Prosecutions under the Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) can be characterized in all of the following ways except
the Supreme Court ruled that they were unconstitutional violations of free speech.
The Germans were heavily demoralized by
the US troop reserves
The dangerous proviso that Germany attached to its Sussex pledge not to attack unarmed neutral shipping was the requirement that
the United States would have to persuade the Allies to end their blockade of Germany or submarine warfare would be resumed. (D)
23. All of the following factors contributed to the weaknesses and lateness of America's efforts to aid Europe's threatened Jews except a) the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel b) internal tensions between German-Jewish and eastern European Jewish communities in the U.S. c) the restrictive Immigration Act of 1924 d) fear that a flood of Jewish refugees would add to unemployment during the Depression e) Anti-Semitic attitudes in the State Department and Congress
the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel
All of the following factors contributed to the weakness and lateness of America's efforts to aid Europe's threatened Jews EXCEPT
the belief that most Jews would be better off migrating to Israel
The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was a. the collapse of nearly the entire banking system. b. runaway inflation. c. the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father Coughlin. d. the near collapse of international trade. e. riots by unemployed workers and farmers unable to sell their goods.
the collapse of nearly the entire banking system
The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was
the collapse of nearly the entire banking system. (A)
The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War I led to
the establishment of day-care centers by the government
The great event that essentially crippled organized labor throughout the 1920s was
the federal government's antilabor intervention that broke the 1919 steel strike. (D)
The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against
the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture. (E)
3. One internationalist action by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his first term in office was a) the formal recognition of the Soviet Union b) joining the League of Nations c) establishing military bases in China d) his support of the Tydings-McDuffie Act e) his commitment to Philippine independence
the formal recognition of the Soviet Union
One internaionalist action by Franklin D Roosevelt in his first term in office was
the formal recognition of the Soviet union
Two examples of forceful federal government action to organize the nation for war were
the government's takeover of the railroads and imposition of nationwide daylight savings time.
Immediately before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been serving as
the governor of New Jersey. (B)
Grievances of labor during and shortly after World War I include all of the following
the inability to gain the right to organize, war spawned inflation, and violence against workers by employers
The primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was a. the effective enforcement of yellow dog contracts. b. the organization of trade unions. c. the maintenance of open shop industries. d. the organization of all workers within an industry. e. maintaining existing wage levels.
the organization of all workers within an industry
The Ku Klux Klan virtually collapsed in the late 1920s when
the organization was publicly exposed as a corrupt and cynical racket. (B)
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking and currency system through the great authority given to
the presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board. (E)
The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to a. the entire capitalist system. b. the Republican party. c. the automobile industry. d. the private electrical utility industry. e. white southern racial practices.
the private electrical utility industry
The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by
the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries. (D)
In an effort to make economic mobilization more efficient during World War I, the federal government took over and operated
the railroads
5. In promising to grant the Philippines independence, the U.S. was motivated by a) treaty obligations b) doubts about the islands' potential profitability c) the view that the islands were militarily indefensible d) the realization that the islands were economic liabilities e) regrets over their imperialistic takeover on 1898
the realization that the islands were economic liabilities
In promising to grant the Phillipines independence, the US was motivated by
the realization that the islands were economic liabilities
Russia's withdrawal from World War I in 1918 resulted in
the release of hundreds of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France.
Russia's withdrawal from World War I in 1918 resulted in
the release of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France
2. As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's unwillingness to support the London Conference, a) inflation in the U.S. was reduced b) the U.S. was voted out of the League of Nations c) tensions arouse between the U.S. and Britain d) the U.S. began to pull out of the Depression e) the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened
the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened
As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's unwillingness to support the London Conference
the trend toward extreme nationalism was strengthened
Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because
the war was going well
Despite reluctance by both the president and Congress, the United States resorted to forced conscription in 1917 because
there was no other way to raise the vast American army that would have to be sent to Europe.
President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany when
they announced that they would wage unrestricted sub warfare in the Atlantic
America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made to them during World War I because
they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt. (C)
Historians attempting to define who the progressives were have reached all of the following (and varying) conclusions except
they were rabble-rousing foreigners who sought to change the American system. (A)
For German military strategists, the entry of the United States into the war meant that
they would have to defeat France and Britain before a large American force arrived in Europe.
President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an opportunity for the United States to
to shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy
The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because
too many people shared in the general prosperity of the time to care about reform. (B)
The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to a. employers. b. skilled workers. c. the unemployed. d. trade associations. e. unskilled workers.
unskilled workers
The nonbusiness group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World War I was
veterans. (E)
Most wartime mobilization agencies primarily relied on ____ to prepare the economy for war.
voluntary compliance
Most wartime mobilization agencies relied on _______________ to prepare the economy for war.
voluntary compliance
The prosperity that developed in the 1920s
was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt. (A)
By 1941, Japan believed that it had no alternative to war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt absolutely insisted that Japan a. withdraw from the Dutch East Indies. b. break its treaty of nonaggression with Germany. c. stop attempting to become a dominant Pacific naval power. d. renew its trade with America. e. withdraw from China.
withdraw from China
7. As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt a) abandoned the Monroe Doctrine b) withdrew American marines from Haiti c) asked Congress to extend the Platt Amendment in Cuba d) returned to the Guantanamo naval base to Cuban control e) proposed to grant Rico its independence
withdrew American marines from Haiti
As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President Roosevelt
withdrew American marines from Haiti
World War I was the first time that
women were admitted to the armed forces.
In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled that
women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote. (D)
When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the
working class and former Progressive Bull Moose party members. (B)