APUSH 5.1-5.6 practice exam

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by

Irish immigrants

The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) represented a departure from earlier practices in which of the following ways?

It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.

"[After the mid-nineteenth century,] Whites did not set out, directly at least, to destroy the Indians' life. They were simply following a script that had no Indians in it, except as exotic relics. Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Comanches, Kiowas, and Plains Apaches were pushed aside by consequences of another dream. . . . The advantages of the invader were incalculable—a population hundreds of times that of the Indians, gigantic reserves of capital, a technology capable of changing its world with a twitch. Despite their adaptive genius, the plains nomads could not possibly sustain themselves against that force. "Plains Indians were left with two dreadful choices. They could try to accommodate, surrendering their vision, or they could try to resist the inevitable." Elliott West, historian, The Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers, and the Rush to Colorado, 1998 The developments described in the excerpt were most directly a response to which of the following?

American Indian competition for land with miners, farmers, and settlers

Question refers to the excerpt below.. "The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land,... Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despite the variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth." Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following was the most significant impact of the South's expansion described in the excerpt?

Conflict over the future of slavery

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law

"With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied—Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan—no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. "Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations?

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

"For a few years in the 1850s, ethnic conflict among whites rivaled sectional conflict as a major political issue. The immediate origins of this phenomenon lay in the sharp increase of immigration after 1845.... The average quadrupled in the 1830s. But even this paled in comparison with the immigration of the late 1840s.... During the decade 1846 to 1855, more than three million immigrants entered the United States—equivalent to 15 percent of the 1845 population. This was the largest proportional increase in the foreign-born population for any ten-year period in American history.... Equal in significance to the increase in the foreign-born population were changes in its composition." James M. McPherson and James K. Hogue, historians, Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction, 2010 Which of the following most directly contributed to "the sharp increase of immigration after 1845" referenced in the excerpt?

Crop failures and revolutions in Europe

"It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 1863 Which of the following most directly contributed to the conflict referred to in the excerpt?

Disagreements over whether to allow slavery in new territories

Which of the following factors can best be used to explain the Union victory in the Civil War?

Greater population and industrial development

James M. McPherson and James K. Hogue, historians, Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction, 2010 Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the excerpt that "ethnic conflict among whites rivaled sectional conflict as a major political issue" of the period?

Growing concern about the political and cultural influence of Catholic immigrants

The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following?

Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories

Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects?

Increasing the visibility of organized opposition to slavery

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct?

It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 The advice in the excerpt most directly reflects the influence of which of the following prevailing American ideas?

Manifest Destiny

In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the following ideologies?

Manifest Destiny

Which of the following ideas contributed most directly to the territorial changes shown in the map?

Manifest Destiny

The Republican party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following?

Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ?

Possession of California and most of the Southwest

The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery?

Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states.

Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following broader historical contexts?

Southern states sought more proslavery seats in the United States Congress.

United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt?

Support grew for the Republican Party.

Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century?

The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States.

"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution." United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 The decision in the excerpt held which of the following to be unconstitutional?

The Missouri Compromise

At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT:

The South's superior industrial resources would give it an advantage over the North.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We have conquered many of the neighboring tribes of Indians, but we have never thought of holding them in subjection—never of incorporating them into our Union....To incorporate Mexico, would be the very first instance of the kind of incorporating an Indian race; for more than half of the Mexicans are Indians, and the other is composed chiefly of mixed tribes.... Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race.... [I]t is professed and talked about to erect these Mexicans into a Territorial Government, and place them on an equality with the people of the United States. I protest utterly against such a project." Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 Question Which of the following events best represents a continuity of the sentiments expressed by Senator Calhoun in the speech?

The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The position expressed by Clay in the excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following?

The acquisition of new territories created disputes over the expansion of slavery.

Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the end of slavery in the United States?

The Union victory in the Civil War led to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map?

The belief in White cultural and political superiority

"[I am] commanded to explain to the Japanese that. . . [the United States] population has rapidly spread through the country, until it has reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean; that we have now large cities, from which, with the aid of steam vessels, we can reach Japan in eighteen or twenty days; [and] that . . . the Japan seas will soon be covered with our vessels. "Therefore, as the United States and Japan are becoming every day nearer and nearer to each other, the President desires to live in peace and friendship with your imperial majesty, but no friendship can long exist, unless Japan ceases to act toward Americans as if they were her enemies. . . . "Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, though they are hourly expected; and [the United States has], as an evidence of [its] friendly intentions . . . brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo [Tokyo] in the ensuing spring with a much larger force." Commodore Matthew C. Perry to the emperor of Japan, letter, 1853 The population trend described in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following domestic developments in the nineteenth century?

The belief that it was the Manifest Destiny of the United States to control territory across the continent

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following?

The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

James M. McPherson and James K. Hogue, historians, Ordeal By Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction, 2010 The conflict described in the excerpt is most similar to conflict in what other period?

The period from after the First World War through the 1920s

"So many people ask me what they shall do; so few tell me what they can do.Yet this is the pivot wherein all must turn. "I believe that each of us who has his place to make should go where men are wanted, and where employment is not bestowed as alms. Of course, I say to all who are in want of work, GoWest! . . . "On the whole I say, stay where you are; do as well as you can; and devote every spare hour to making yourself familiar with the conditions and dexterity required for the efficient conservation of out-door industry in a new country. Having mastered these, gather up your family and GoWest!" Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, letter to R. L. Sanderson, 1871 Which of the following late-nineteenth-century federal actions most directly supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

The sale of land to settlers at low cost

"We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain... that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities...are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State...." South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?

The secession of most Southern states

Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 Which of the following was a key purpose of the excerpt?

To condemn the conflict between American ideals and practices

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

The acquisition of territory in the southwestern region shown in the map intensified controversies in the United States about

allowing slavery in the new territories

Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The sentiments expressed in the proclamation would have been most widely condemned by White residents of

coastal South Carolina

Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 In the 1850s ideas such as those expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to

controversies over the expansion of slavery to new territories

A significant result of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 was that the United States

experienced increasing tension over the issue of slavery

Republican Party platform, 1860 The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly influenced by the

free-soil movement

"The normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom. That as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national [western] territory, ordained that 'no person should be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law,' it becomes our duty by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States." Republican Party platform, 1860 Republicans asserted that political leaders could not "give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States" in order to express opposition against the

idea of popular sovereignty exemplified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act

In the first half of the nineteenth century, a major consequence of United States expansionism was

increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We have conquered many of the neighboring tribes of Indians, but we have never thought of holding them in subjection—never of incorporating them into our Union....To incorporate Mexico, would be the very first instance of the kind of incorporating an Indian race; for more than half of the Mexicans are Indians, and the other is composed chiefly of mixed tribes.... Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race.... [I]t is professed and talked about to erect these Mexicans into a Territorial Government, and place them on an equality with the people of the United States. I protest utterly against such a project." Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 Question Based on the excerpt, Calhoun would also be most likely to support which of the following?

proslavery arguments

"I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?" Frederick Douglass, African American activist, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?," speech, 1852 The excerpt most directly reflects the

public visibility of African Americans in abolitionist campaigns

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported

restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that

slaves lived better than northern factory workers

The territorial changes shown in the southwestern region of the map most directly resulted from

the Mexican-American War

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

Most of the Irish immigrants who came to the United States following the potato famine of the 1840s settled in

urban areas of the North

Commodore Matthew C. Perry to the emperor of Japan, letter, 1853 The excerpt best supports the conclusion that in the 1850s, the United States government

was willing to intimidate Asian countries like Japan to secure economic opportunities

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We have conquered many of the neighboring tribes of Indians, but we have never thought of holding them in subjection—never of incorporating them into our Union....To incorporate Mexico, would be the very first instance of the kind of incorporating an Indian race; for more than half of the Mexicans are Indians, and the other is composed chiefly of mixed tribes.... Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race.... [I]t is professed and talked about to erect these Mexicans into a Territorial Government, and place them on an equality with the people of the United States. I protest utterly against such a project." Senator John C. Calhoun, "Conquest of Mexico" speech, 1848 Question The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

westward expansion