Apush Amsco Chapter 23 and 24 Extra Credit
What board was set up to help farmers by Hoover's administration?
The Farm Loan Board established by the Agricultural Marketing Act would help farmers stabilize prices by holding surplus grain and cotton in storage
What was Hoover's stance on direct aid to the people as the Depression started?
he believed in no federal government aid
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
15 nations committed to outlawing war, but there was no way to enforce it so it didn't work
What was the Teapot Dome scandal?
Albert B. Fall sold oil reserves that were resereved for the navy
How did the AAA pay farmers not to grow crops?
As the depression hit, American Farmers found it difficult to find export markets for their products. The decline in demand for agricultural products meant that many farmers had difficulty paying mortgages on their farms. By 1920's, many American farmers were in serious financial difficulty. This lead to the government giving subsidies to farmers to not grow food
How did business people use the Red Scare?
Business's cooperated with federal and state governments to destroy fledging unions such as the IWW
What is buying stock on "the margin"?
Buying stock on margin is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock, it allows you to buy more stock than normal.
Why did Harding seize the initiative of international disarmament?
Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of international disarmament because business people were unwilling to pay for a larger US navy?
Who was FDR's chief administrator?
Harold Ickles
How would one describe the works and impact of Ernest Hemingway, F Scott Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis?
Ernest Hemingway wrote about WWI and the experiences you get while in war. F Scott Fitzgerald wrote about the roaring 20's. Sinclair Lewis wrote about the devastating picture of middle class American life.
What was the platform of the Democratic Party in 1932?
FDR campaigned for the presidency in 1932 and called for a balanced budget
What was FDR's court packing plan? Why did he come up with it? How was it received?
FDR wanted to add more Supreme Court Justices, FDR didn't want the SSA to be declared unconstitutional so he said any justice over the age of 70.5 would have a new justice appointed and he wanted to add 6 more justices
What were the criticisms of the New Deal by Father Coughlin? Huey Long? Francis Townshend?
Father Coughlin turned agaisnt Roosevelt when he refused to nationalize banking systems and provide free coinage of silver. He became anti-semitic, blaming the Depression on Jews. Huey Long wanted to redistribute wealth. Francis Townsend wants to give every elderly person $200.
What was Ford chief's contribution to the auto industry?
Henry Ford perfected the assembly line
What prominent economist influenced FDR as the great Depression continued?
John Maynard Jeynes influenced the New Deal and Keynesianism
What is the NRA?
National Industry Recovery Administration- established codes of fair competition, set wages, hours, and prices for goods, monopolies but then was declared unconstitutional
According to the authors of the book and most historians, did the New Deal end the great Depression?
No the new deal did not end the great depression, WWII did
What is the PWA?
Public Works Association- gave people jobs building roads , buildings, and schools
What happened to Sacco and Vanzetti?
Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of murder and robbery and executed just because they were Italian, atheists, and anarchists
What is the SSA?
Social Security Act-it gave old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children
What is the TVA?
Tennessee Valley Authoritative- government owned the network of dams and hydroelectric plants
What is the WPA?
Works Progress Administration- employed writers, artists and actors
What was the Bonus Army?
a group of WWI veterans who were promised bonuses in 1945 but needed them now
What were the immigration restrictions of the 1920's a result of?
a law restricting the number of new immigrants to the US. It restricted the number of new immigrants per year to 3% of population in the US
What was the Red Scare of 1919-1920?Impact?
a nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, following a series of bombings; the nation was in fear, innocent people were jailed for expressing their views, civil liberties were ignored. Politics were influenced and many people thought american politics were distrusting
What was the focus of the Coolidge presidency?
big business and hope to end governement regulation and industry as well as to reduce taxes
How did European powers try to get out of their WWI debt?
by establishing the Dawes Plan; which consisted of the US loaning money to Germany to pay back France and Britain. However France and Britain owed the US money so they would use that money to pay the US back and it was a never ending cycle?
What was the Immigration Act of 1924?
changed the percentage to 2% of the number of new immigrants allowed.
What was the main problem faced by American manufacturers?
developing expanded markets of people to buy their products
Who did the immigration quota system discriminate against?
eastern and southern europe
Who resisted the Volstead Act?
easterners that wanted alcohol
How long did Americans assume Prohibition would last?
forever
How did Hoover try and solve the Depression?
he didn't have a response until it was too late. the year he was going out of office he created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which loaned money to banks, insurance companies, and railraods in hope it would trickle down and create jobs
How did John Dewey impact American education?
he promoted learning by doing and education for life
What was Frederick Taylor's contribution to the American Industry?
he promoted the industrial efficiency and scientific management
What did Hoover do as a lame duck president?
he was clueless as to what to do during his remaining 4 months as president and passed the lame duck amendment, shortening the time between the presidential election and the inaguration
Why was the TVA criticized?
independent power companies saw it as a government owned and run monopoly that would undercut their prices and thus damage their profits which is unfair to capitalist America
What was the Indian New Deal?
it ended the practice of treating tribes as sovereign nations in an attempt to weaken authority of tribal leaders. Congress created a court of Indian Offenses to prosecute Indians who violated government laws and rules. Indian children were stripped from their culture
What did the Wagner Act of 1935 legalize?
it gave union rights to collective bargaining and protected women's rights
What was the impact of the Fordney McCumber Tariff?
it hurt US trade because Europe wouldn't trade with US because the tariff was too high
What was the impact of radio and motion pictures?
it made news, music, and entertainment more accessible to masses and helped to unify Americans
How did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff impact world economics?
it raised interest rates which decreased the money supply
How did the NRA begin to fail?
it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public
What was the Scopes-Monkey Trial?
it said teaching evolution in schools was forbidden ;it had an effect on religion because evolution discredited Christianity
What caused the Dust Bowl? Where did most Dust Bowl migrants settle?
it was caused by irregular fluctuations in ocean temperatures, dry climates and poor farming techniques. one third of farmers left their homes and headed to the mild climate of California in search of migrant work
What were the goals of the CIO?
it was established to make the work environment, the work hours reasonable, the demands of the bosses humane, and pay and benefits fair and decent
What was the status of Congress as FDR took office? Unemployment in America?
overwhelmingly democratic and unemployment was extremely high
What were the 20th and 21st, both ratified in the 1930's?
the 20th amendment aka the lame duck amendment moved the inaguration to january instead of march. the 21st amendment repealed Prohibition
How did FDR deal with the Dust Bowl? Where did most Dust bowl migrants settle?
the Roosevelt Administration established the Farm Security Administration for the plight of migrants and rural poor. To fix the enviroment degradation FDR established the CCC and the Soil Erosion Center
What were some of the reasons behind prosperity in the 1920's?
the US was not in as much debt as other nations, increased productivity of workers, perfection if he assembly line, advertising and buying credit
What organization did Marcus Garvey found? What did it call for
the Universal Negro Improvement Association; it was dedicated to racial pride
What were some exceptions to the America isolation of the 1920's?
the armed intervention in the Caribbean and central america was an exception
What does the phrase 100 days refer to?
the first 100 days in FDR's presidency;he pushed for 15 major bills through Congress
What did the post-war KKK advocate?
the fundamentalist religion, opposition to birth control, anti-Catholicism, opposition to prohibition
What were some results of the automobile revolution in America?
the gasoline age and gas stations
What did Margaret Sanger advocate?
the legalization of birth control and making it universally available
What was one surprising shift in the 1932 presidential election?
there was a presence of black voters among the new progressive democratic party
What was a social impact of the Great Depression?
unemployment, living conditions, education, health, and the quality of life declined
How did the lives of women change during the 1920's?
women get the right to vote, wore more daring clothes, smoked, drank, cursed, wider choice of jobs
