ApUsH Ch 13/14
Native-born Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would
"establish" the Catholic church at the expense of Protestantism
The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the
1840s and 1850s
The Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appealed to
American suspicions of secret societies.
Each individual below is matched with the correct description:
Andrew Jackson - received more popular votes than any other candidate in 1824 Henry Clay - was eliminated as a candidate when 1824 election was thrown to House of Representatives John C. Calhoun - was vice president on the ticket of two presidential candidates in 1824
The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when
Congress passed the compromise Tariff of 1833
The "canal era" of American history began with the construction of the
Erie Canal in New York
The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was
Henry Clay
John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed
Henry Clay - to become - secretary of state.
The Whig party drew support from
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun southerners and states' rights large northern industrialists and merchants
In the 1790s a major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West was the
Lancaster Turnpike
Most early railroads in the United States were built in the
North
Each individual below is matched with the correct invention
Samuel Morse - telegraph Cyrus McCormick - mower-reaper Elias Howe - sewing machine Robert Fulton - steamboat
The "Father of the Factory System" in the United States was
Samuel Slater
The growth of early-nineteenth-century American manufacturing was stimulated by the
War of 1812 and the Tariff of 1816
The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 campaign slogan was
William Harrison
John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following:
a deep nationalistic view - only 1/3rd of voters voted for him - his sarcastic personality - he was tactless
Andrew Jackson's veto of the re-charter bill for the Bank of the United States was
a major expansion of presidential power
During his long political career, John Quincy Adams was at one time or another
a nationalist, secretary of state, a congressman, and president
A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was
a steady improvement in average wages and standards of living
The Northeast became the center of early-nineteenth-century American industry because it had
abundant water power investment capital available a relatively large labor supply
In the 1820s and 1830s the public's attitude regarding political parties
accepted the sometimes wild contentiousness of political life
In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following
adopt a system of settled agriculture develop a written constitution become cotton planters develop a notion of private property
Innovations in the election of 1832 included
adoption of written party platforms
Americans moved into Texas
after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin
Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because
antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery
The people who proposed the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828 were
ardent supporters of Andrew Jackson
Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following
backers of southern states' rights large northern industrialists many evangelical Protestants backers of the American System did not include opponents of public education
The two political parties of the Jacksonian era tended to
be socially and geographically diverse.
The new two party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s
became an important part of the nation's checks and balances
Pioneering Americans marooned by geography
became ill informed and individualistic in their attitudes
Stephen F. Austin's grant from the Mexican government required that immigrants whom he helped settle in Texas
become Mexican citizens & be Roman Catholics
German immigrants to the United States
came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government
In general - steamboats - tended to bind the West and South together, while
canals and - steamboats - connected West to East
Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the
cotton gin
Compared with canals, railroads
could be built almost anywhere
The South Carolina nullifying convention
declared the tariff of 1832 null and void within South Carolina ordered the South Carolina state legislature to make military preparations to defend the state nullified the Force Bill passed by Congress threatened to secede from the Union if the national government tried to force the state into compliance with congressional law
In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, Andrew Jackson
dispatched military forces to South Carolina.
Life on the frontier was
downright grim for most pioneer families
As a result of the transportation revolution
each region in the nation specialized in a particular type of economic activity
The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837
expansion of bank credit proposal of higher tariffs proposal of subsidies for internal improvements more active involvement on the part of the government
With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West
farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness
The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
forced removal
Construction of the Erie Canal
forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations
The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by
forcing the election into the House of Representatives
The "cult of domesticity"
glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers
The "cement" that held the Whig party together in its formative days was
hatred of Andrew Jackson
Texas gained its independence with
help from americans
Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860
helped to fuel economic expansion
One of the main reasons Andrew Jackson decided to weaken the Bank of the United States after the 1832 election was
his fear that Nicholas Biddle might try to manipulate the bank to force its re-charter
President Martin Van Buren's administration was troubled by
his lack of personal popularity antislavery agitation against the annexation of Texas a serious economic depression the inherited enemies of former president Andrew Jackson
All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy:
how tightly should patents protect inventions? should the government regulate monopolies? can a democratic government still support slavery? who should own these new technologies? But not who should own the new transportation network
Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that
it refused to lend money to politicians
One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was
its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant.
In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that
labor unions were not illegal conspiracies
While he was president, John Quincy Adams was roundly criticized for his
land policy - Indian policy - support for internal improvements - supposed aristocratic life style
The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links generally encourages -
lowering of freight rates economic growth rising land values migration of peoples
William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was
made to look like a poor western farmer
Advances in manufacturing and transportation brought -
more prosperity and opportunity to most Americans increased immigration from Europe to the United States
When the "famine Irish" came to America, they
mostly remained in the port cities of the Northeast
The early factory system distributed its benefits
mostly to the owners
The presidential election of 1828 was characterized by
mudslinging tactics by both parties against the opposing candidate an unusually high voter turnout both sides using trees to symbolize their candidate.
The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called
nativism
By the 1840s voter participation in the presidential election reached
nearly 80 percent.
The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for
neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers
Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the
newly won ascendancy of the masses
The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when
no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College
The panic of 1837 was the result of
over-speculation in internal improvements the Bank War and Specie Circular economic distress in Europe
Ireland's great export in the 1840s was
people
John Quincy Adams could be described as
possessing almost none of the arts of the politician
German immigrants in the early nineteenth century tended to
preserve their own language and culture
The concentration of capital for investment in large-scale enterprises in the early nineteenth century was
promoted by the wider acceptance of the principle of limited liability & passage of state free incorporation laws
When German immigrants came to the United States, they
prospered with astonishing ease
Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it
put public service first, not profits
One of the goals of the child-centered family of the 1800s was to
raise independent individuals
Southerners disliked the Tariff of 1828 because it
raised the price of manufactured goods represented the growing power of the federal government
The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following
rampant speculation the Bank War financial problems abroad failure of wheat crops But not by taking the country off the gold standard
Factors encouraging the growth of immigration rates in the first half of the nineteenth century included the:
rapid growth rate of the European population perception of America as the land of freedom and opportunity introduction of transoceanic steamships economic and political turmoil in Europe religious oppression by European state churches
In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following
recognize the tribes as separate nations try to civilize them trick them into ceding land to whites. promise to acquire land only through formal treaties
Following his election in 1832, President Jackson decided to
remove federal funds from the Bank of the United States gradually stop depositing federal funds in the Bank of the United States start depositing federal funds in several "pet" state banks
The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860
resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities
Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of
san jacinto
In the 1820s and 1830s one issue that greatly raised the political stakes was
slavery
The government of Mexico and the Americans who settled in Mexican-controlled Texas clashed over all of the following issues:
slavery - immigration - local rights - Santa Anna raising an army to use against Texas But not over allegiance to Spain
As a result of the development of the cotton gin
slavery revived and expanded
Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was
sold to England
The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to
specialized, cash-crop agriculture
Clipper ships and the Pony Express had in common
speedy service and a brief existence
John C. Calhoun's "South Carolina Exposition" was an argument for
states' rights
The American work force in the early nineteenth century was characterized by
substantial employment of women and children in
Andrew Jackson's political philosophy was based on his
suspicion of the federal government
The "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupted over
tariff policy
By 1850, America's factory system was producing
textiles - boots and shoes - firearms - sewing machines
One reason for the Angle-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that
the Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian.
Those who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized
the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
The Force Bill of 1833 provided that
the President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.
The section of the United States most hurt by the Tariff of 1828 was
the South
In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity
the South - grew cotton - for export the West grew grains and livestock to feed eastern factory workers the (North) East - made machines and textiles - for the other two regions
Most of the early American settlers in Texas came from
the South and Southwest
Ecological imperialism" can best be described as
the aggressive exploitation of the West's bounty
The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in
the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs
One reason that the lot of adult wage earners improved was
the enfranchisement of the laboring man
Western road building faced all of the following problems:
the expense states' rights advocates' opposition eastern states' opposition wartime interruptions But not competition from canals
Andrew Jackson based his veto of the re-charter bill for the Bank of the United States on
the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation
As the new continental market economy grew
the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world
George Caitlin advocated
the preservation of nature as a national policy
All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth- century America
the push west in search of cheap land a vast number of European immigrants settling in the cities newly invented machinery better roads, faster steamboats, further-reaching canals, and tentacle-stretching railroads But not government regulation of all major economic industry
The growth of industry and the factory system in the United States was slowed by
the scarcity of labor - limited investment capital - a small domestic market
The strong regional support for the Tariff of 1833 came from
the south
In early nineteenth-century America
the urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate
By the 1840s new techniques of politicking included all of the following
the use of banners - free drinks - parades - baby kissing
Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because
they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to civilize the territory
Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because
this same power could be used to suppress slavery
The purpose behinds the spoils system was
to reward political supporters with public office
In his veto of the bank re-charter bill, President Jackson claimed that the bank was
unconstitutional anti-western too much influenced by aristocrats and foreigners corrupt and monopolistic
The underlying basis for modern mass production was the
use of interchangeable parts
The Anti-Masonic party
was an anti-Jackson party & was the nation's first third party.
As president, John Quincy Adams
was one of the least successful presidents in American history.
While in existence, the Second Bank of the United States
was the depository of the funds of the national government
The presidential election of 1824
was the first one to see the election of a minority president
Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish mostly because these immigrants
were Roman Catholic
Early-nineteenth-century American families
were getting smaller
Both the Democratic party and the Whig party
were mass-based political parties
The Irish immigrants to early nineteenth-century America
were mostly Roman Catholics and hated the British
When the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they
were too poor to move west and buy land
The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on
western and southern rivers
Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because
whites wanted the Indians' lands.
The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed
with textile mills
