APUSH: ch. 16

What two groups constituted most of the cowboys in the open-range era?

southern whites and African Americans

The fighting at Wounded Knee

turned into a massacre of Indians, including women and children.

In the late nineteenth century, the surge of farming settlement in the West

was a result of many factors, but the most important was the railroad.

What fencing material revolutionized agriculture on the prairies and plains?

Barbed wire

The federal government agency vested with management of Indian relations and the reservations was the

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Which of the following states/territories did NOT experience significant mining development from the 1850s to 1880s?

Kansas

What happened to the Californios who dominated California prior to the gold rush of 1849?

Most died due to epidemic diseases brought in by the miners

Indian Territory, to which several eastern Indian tribes including the Cherokees and Creeks were removed, is now the state of

Oklahoma

What northern Plains Indian nation was the strongest?

Sioux

Most of the new migrants from the East were

Freed blacks

White arrivals to the West in the post-Civil War era found all of the following ethnic and racial groups already living there EXCEPT

Freed slaves

Because the area was arid to semiarid and thought to be unfit for Anglo-European civilization, many nineteenth-century Americans called the far West the

Great American Desert

Which of the following was NOT a reason for Anglo-American resentment of Chinese immigrants?

The Chinese were perceived as lazy slackers who would not work hard

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed

The frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the Homestead Act?

The plots of land were free

Labor in the West

often pitted workers of different races against each other.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

placed a ban on all new immigrants from China

Which type of mining came first as new fields opened?

placer (pan)

During the nineteenth century, in the Far West the term "coolie"

referred to Chinese indentured servants

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because

they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.

The Dawes Act of 1887

was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers

By the mid-1840s, the American West

was extensively populated