APUSH CH 19 quiz

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the Populist Party? A Sharecroppers B Industrialists C Immigrants D Bankers

Sharecroppers

The People's (Populist) Party emerged most directly in response to which of the following late-nineteenth-century trends? A The efforts of businesses to gain control over markets and resources abroad B The influx of migrants from Asia and southern and eastern Europe C The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy D The development of political machines

The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy

The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century A municipal corruption B imperialism C labor unrest D business monopolies E civil-rights campaigns

municipal corruption

The cartoon suggests that the disparate groups that favored the People's (Populist) Party typically shared which of the following? A The idea that wealthy people had some obligation to help people living in poverty B Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system C Support for United States expansionism D Advocacy of individual rights

Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth endorsed which of the following views? A Major industries should be nationalized to ensure equitable distribution of wealth. B Trusts and combinations were desirable because they guaranteed job stability to immigrant workers. C Utopian communities were desirable because they protected the well-being of people living in poverty. D All workers could attain wealth by following a diligent work ethic. E Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society.

Wealthy individuals have a duty to return their fortunes to society.

Which of the following best describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth? A Privately held wealth should be handed over to the government to be redistributed. B Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment. C Parents have an obligation to pass on their wealth to their children. D Using wealth to help others is wrong, since it undermines their self-reliance. E Accumulating large amounts of wealth violates Christian principles.

Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment.

William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his A fundamentalist religious beliefs B neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War C advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver D opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools E anti-imperialist convictions

advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver

n the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to A federal protection of workers' rights to organize B the large numbers of immigrants working in factories C low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work D the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work E the emergence of multinational companies and increased global competition

low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

In the three decades following the Civil War, the policies of the Republican Party generally favored A northern industrial interests B southern agricultural interests C the interests of laborers D inflationary currency policies E woman suffrage

northern industrial interests

"The necessities of our altered relationship to the Pacific Ocean [after the late 1840s] found expression in a comprehensive treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with the sovereign kingdom of Hawaii. . . . "[The line] from San Francisco to Honolulu [in Hawaii] marks the natural limit of the ocean belt within which our trade with [eastern Asia] must flow. . . . When we survey the stupendous progress made by the western coast during the thirty years of its national life as a part of our dominion, . . . it is not easy to set a limit to its commercial activity or foresee a check to its maritime supremacy in the waters of [eastern Asia], so long as those waters afford, as now, a free and neutral scope for our peaceful trade. . . . "[The United States] firmly believes that the position of the Hawaiian Islands as the key to the dominion of the American Pacific demands their neutrality, to which end it will earnestly cooperate with the native government. And if, through any cause, the maintenance of such a position of neutrality should be found by Hawaii to be impracticable, this government would then unhesitatingly meet the altered situation by seeking an avowedly American solution for the grave issues presented." Secretary of State James G. Blaine, letter to James M. Comly, United States ambassador to Hawaii, 1881 The foreign policy ideas in the excerpt are best explained by which of the following nineteenth-century developments? A A response to changing immigration patterns B An attempt to end Reconstruction policies C A reaction to expanding United States economic activity D An effort to enact political reforms in urban areas

A reaction to expanding United States economic activity

"Yet, after all our years of toil and privation, dangers and hardships upon the ... frontier, monopoly is taking our homes from us by an infamous system of mortgage foreclosure, the most infamous that has ever disgraced the statutes of a civilized nation. ... How did it happen? The government, at the bid of Wall Street, repudiated its contracts with the people; the circulating medium was contracted. ... As Senator Plumb [of Kansas] tells us, 'Our debts were increased, while the means to pay them was decreased.' [A]s grand Senator ... Stewart [of Nevada] puts it, 'For twenty years the market value of the dollar has gone up and the market value of labor has gone down, till today the American laborer, in bitterness and wrath, asks which is the worst: the black slavery that has gone or the white slavery that has come?'" — Mary Elizabeth Lease, speech to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1890 People who agreed with the argument made in the speech would most likely have recommended which of the following solutions? A Separate but equal segregated facilities to increase job opportunities for white workers B Continuation of the gold standard as the basis for money C Reduced government involvement in the economy in order to create more competition D A stronger government role in the economic system

A stronger government role in the economic system

"The progress of society consists largely in separating . . . people into groups, in giving them different kinds of work to do, in developing different powers, and different functions. . . . This is the method of civilization. . . . "It is a great gain to humanity to have industry specialized if the unity of the spirit is not broken in the process. But this calamity, unhappily, is precisely what we are suffering. The forces that divide and differentiate have not been balanced by the forces that unite and integrate. . . . Social integration is the crying need of the hour. . . . How can all these competing tribes and clans, owners of capital, captains of industry, inventors, artisans, farmers, miners, distributors, exchangers, teachers, and all the rest, be made to understand that they are many members but one body; that an injury to one is really the concern of every other . . . ? "We have, however, in society, an agency which is expressly intended to perform this very service of social integration. . . . It is the Christian Church. The precise business of the Christian Church is to fill the world with the spirit of unity, of brotherhood; . . . to promote unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace. . . . "The spiritual law, the spiritual motive, the loving thought, the kindly purpose govern the whole of life. A factory is never rightly run till the law of love is the supreme motive power. A trades-union is a menace to society until good-will to all men is the guiding principle in all its councils. A corporation without this clause is a curse to society. A railway whose administration sets this law at defiance is a gigantic public enemy. . . . Every one of these departments of life must be brought under this royal law. This is what religion means." Washington Gladden, minister, Social Facts and Forces, 1897 Which of the following arguments about society during the Gilded Age could Gladden's purpose in the excerpt best be used to support? A Socialists became the most prominent leaders of religious social reform movements. B Religious leaders advocated withdrawal from society to counter the effects of industrialization. C Agrarian reformers commonly used religious metaphors to connect with common farmers. D Advocates of the Social Gospel emphasized putting religious principles into practice in society.

Advocates of the Social Gospel emphasized putting religious principles into practice in society.

"We demand a graduated income tax. . . . Transportation being a means of exchange and a public necessity, the government should own and operate the railroads. . . . The land, including all the natural sources of wealth, is the heritage of the people, and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes, and alien ownership of land should be prohibited.... [W]e demand a free ballot and a fair count . . . to every legal voter.... [W]e favor a constitutional provision limiting the office of President and Vice-President to one term, and providing for the election of Senators of the United States by a direct vote of the people." People's (Populist) Party platform, 1892 Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century? A Establishment of a transcontinental network of trains and the improvement of roads in the western United States B Expansion of United States influence in Central America and access to new international markets C Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest D Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

"The progress of society consists largely in separating . . . people into groups, in giving them different kinds of work to do, in developing different powers, and different functions. . . . This is the method of civilization. . . . "It is a great gain to humanity to have industry specialized if the unity of the spirit is not broken in the process. But this calamity, unhappily, is precisely what we are suffering. The forces that divide and differentiate have not been balanced by the forces that unite and integrate. . . . Social integration is the crying need of the hour. . . . How can all these competing tribes and clans, owners of capital, captains of industry, inventors, artisans, farmers, miners, distributors, exchangers, teachers, and all the rest, be made to understand that they are many members but one body; that an injury to one is really the concern of every other . . . ? "We have, however, in society, an agency which is expressly intended to perform this very service of social integration. . . . It is the Christian Church. The precise business of the Christian Church is to fill the world with the spirit of unity, of brotherhood; . . . to promote unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace. . . . "The spiritual law, the spiritual motive, the loving thought, the kindly purpose govern the whole of life. A factory is never rightly run till the law of love is the supreme motive power. A trades-union is a menace to society until good-will to all men is the guiding principle in all its councils. A corporation without this clause is a curse to society. A railway whose administration sets this law at defiance is a gigantic public enemy. . . . Every one of these departments of life must be brought under this royal law. This is what religion means." Washington Gladden, minister, Social Facts and Forces, 1897 Which of the following arguments about the United States economy during the Gilded Age could the historical situation of the excerpt best be used to support? A The spread of the industrial economy helped to increase social stability. B The increased adoption of the division of labor harmed the living standards of most Americans. C Economic changes produced debates over how to organize the national economy. D Most politicians opposed government intervention in the economy during economic downturns.

Economic changes produced debates over how to organize the national economy.

Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? A It was controlled by immigrant socialists and anarchists. B It was confined to factory workers. C It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. D It was allied with the Democratic party. E It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

It was involved in a number of violent strikes.

Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s? A Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen B Its organization of all workers within a single industry into one union C Its policy of racial inclusiveness D Its campaign for a minimum wage E Its active recruitment of immigrant workers

Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen

"There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes; but in this we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor—a reign of harmony.... Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellow-citizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts." Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," 1889 Which of the following policies would Carnegie most likely have supported? A The use of federal power to redistribute wealth B Government creation of jobs for unemployed people C Increased regulation of corporations D Laissez-faire economics

Laissez-faire economics

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." William Jennings Bryan, 1896 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? A Urban workers B Railroad executives C New York City financiers D Midwestern farmers E White-collar and professional workers

Midwestern farmers

"The [political] machine represented the dominant urban political institution of the late nineteenth century. . . . Bosses purchased voter support with individual economic inducements such as offers of public jobs. . . . The machine sustained itself by exchanging material benefits for political support. . . . "By 1890 Irish bosses ran most of the big-city Democratic machines constructed in the 1870s and 1880s. . . . By 1886, the Irish held 58 percent of the seats on the San Francisco Democratic party central committee. . . . 61 percent of the Tammany Society [political machine in New York City] were Irish in 1890. ". . . What accounts for their unusually high group political participation rates? The Irish capture of the urban Democratic party depended on a large Irish voting bloc. In city after city the Irish mobilized politically much more quickly than other ethnic groups. Irish naturalization and voter registration rates were the highest of all the immigrant groups. "[In the 1860s] Radical Republicans captured control of the New England and Middle Atlantic states. . . . [They] pursued a program of electoral and institutional reform in the eastern states with urban Democratic (and Irish) strongholds. Rather than weakening the embryonic Democratic city organizations, the Radical attack succeeded in strengthening these machines. The election of pro-machine Democratic governors in states such as New York, New Jersey, and California further aided Irish machine building." Steven P. Erie, historian, Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985, published in 1990 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would support the overall argument in the excerpt? A The Democratic political machine in San Francisco failed to gain a majority of Irish votes in elections during the 1880s. B Many Irish politicians in Philadelphia became members of the Republican Party in the late 1800s. C Political factionalism among Irish voters in Boston in the 1890s discouraged the formation of a Democratic political machine. D People of Irish descent in New York City registered to vote at a higher rate than their proportion of the population in the 1890s.

People of Irish descent in New York City registered to vote at a higher rate than their proportion of the population in the 1890s.

We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads ... We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible ... We demand a graduated income tax ... We demand a free ballot." Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? A American Federation of Labor B Union-Labor Party C People's Party (Populists) D National Grange E Democratic Party

People's Party (Populists)

First. - That the union of the labor forces of theUnited States this day consummated shall bepermanent and perpetual. Second. - Wealth belongs to him who creates it. . . .The interests of rural and civil labor are the same;their enemies are identical. . . . 1. We demand free and unlimited coinage of silverand gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1. . . . 3. We demand a graduated income tax. . . . RESOLVED, That we demand a free ballot and a faircount in all elections . . . through the adoption ofthe Australian or secret ballot system. The excerpts above appeared in the platform of which of the following political parties? A American Party B Greenback Labor Party C Populist Party D Socialist Party E Progressive Party

Populist Party

"The progress of society consists largely in separating . . . people into groups, in giving them different kinds of work to do, in developing different powers, and different functions. . . . This is the method of civilization. . . . "It is a great gain to humanity to have industry specialized if the unity of the spirit is not broken in the process. But this calamity, unhappily, is precisely what we are suffering. The forces that divide and differentiate have not been balanced by the forces that unite and integrate. . . . Social integration is the crying need of the hour. . . . How can all these competing tribes and clans, owners of capital, captains of industry, inventors, artisans, farmers, miners, distributors, exchangers, teachers, and all the rest, be made to understand that they are many members but one body; that an injury to one is really the concern of every other . . . ? "We have, however, in society, an agency which is expressly intended to perform this very service of social integration. . . . It is the Christian Church. The precise business of the Christian Church is to fill the world with the spirit of unity, of brotherhood; . . . to promote unity of the spirit in the bonds of peace. . . . "The spiritual law, the spiritual motive, the loving thought, the kindly purpose govern the whole of life. A factory is never rightly run till the law of love is the supreme motive power. A trades-union is a menace to society until good-will to all men is the guiding principle in all its councils. A corporation without this clause is a curse to society. A railway whose administration sets this law at defiance is a gigantic public enemy. . . . Every one of these departments of life must be brought under this royal law. This is what religion means." Washington Gladden, minister, Social Facts and Forces, 1897 The point of view expressed in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following historical arguments about the late 1800s? A Manufacturing workers blamed business leaders for class conflict in society. B Reformers sought to use religion to reduce discord between workers and employers. C Labor union organizers championed alternatives to laissez-faire capitalism. D Critics of the Gilded Age economy pointed to social scientific studies about wealth inequality.

Reformers sought to use religion to reduce discord between workers and employers.

"The necessities of our altered relationship to the Pacific Ocean [after the late 1840s] found expression in a comprehensive treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with the sovereign kingdom of Hawaii. . . . "[The line] from San Francisco to Honolulu [in Hawaii] marks the natural limit of the ocean belt within which our trade with [eastern Asia] must flow. . . . When we survey the stupendous progress made by the western coast during the thirty years of its national life as a part of our dominion, . . . it is not easy to set a limit to its commercial activity or foresee a check to its maritime supremacy in the waters of [eastern Asia], so long as those waters afford, as now, a free and neutral scope for our peaceful trade. . . . "[The United States] firmly believes that the position of the Hawaiian Islands as the key to the dominion of the American Pacific demands their neutrality, to which end it will earnestly cooperate with the native government. And if, through any cause, the maintenance of such a position of neutrality should be found by Hawaii to be impracticable, this government would then unhesitatingly meet the altered situation by seeking an avowedly American solution for the grave issues presented." Secretary of State James G. Blaine, letter to James M. Comly, United States ambassador to Hawaii, 1881 The discussion of economic neutrality featured in the excerpt is best situated within which of the following historical contexts? A Continued restrictions on the organization of labor B Decreased industrial output following economic crises C Increasing demand to export southern cotton D Rising support for laissez-faire economic policies

Rising support for laissez-faire economic policies

"The [political] machine represented the dominant urban political institution of the late nineteenth century. . . . Bosses purchased voter support with individual economic inducements such as offers of public jobs. . . . The machine sustained itself by exchanging material benefits for political support. . . . "By 1890 Irish bosses ran most of the big-city Democratic machines constructed in the 1870s and 1880s. . . . By 1886, the Irish held 58 percent of the seats on the San Francisco Democratic party central committee. . . . 61 percent of the Tammany Society [political machine in New York City] were Irish in 1890. ". . . What accounts for their unusually high group political participation rates? The Irish capture of the urban Democratic party depended on a large Irish voting bloc. In city after city the Irish mobilized politically much more quickly than other ethnic groups. Irish naturalization and voter registration rates were the highest of all the immigrant groups. "[In the 1860s] Radical Republicans captured control of the New England and Middle Atlantic states. . . . [They] pursued a program of electoral and institutional reform in the eastern states with urban Democratic (and Irish) strongholds. Rather than weakening the embryonic Democratic city organizations, the Radical attack succeeded in strengthening these machines. The election of pro-machine Democratic governors in states such as New York, New Jersey, and California further aided Irish machine building." Steven P. Erie, historian, Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985, published in 1990 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would best modify the claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt? A Many members of Congress sought to restrict the ability of new immigrants to register to vote in elections in the 1870s. B State government leaders passed laws to take control of fire and police departments run by political machines in eastern cities. C Radical Republicans passed a law that allowed for federal supervision of local elections and the prosecution of voter fraud. D Some Democratic political machines continued Republican fiscal policies that limited spending on patronage jobs.

Some Democratic political machines continued Republican fiscal policies that limited spending on patronage jobs.

"The [political] machine represented the dominant urban political institution of the late nineteenth century. . . . Bosses purchased voter support with individual economic inducements such as offers of public jobs. . . . The machine sustained itself by exchanging material benefits for political support. . . . "By 1890 Irish bosses ran most of the big-city Democratic machines constructed in the 1870s and 1880s. . . . By 1886, the Irish held 58 percent of the seats on the San Francisco Democratic party central committee. . . . 61 percent of the Tammany Society [political machine in New York City] were Irish in 1890. ". . . What accounts for their unusually high group political participation rates? The Irish capture of the urban Democratic party depended on a large Irish voting bloc. In city after city the Irish mobilized politically much more quickly than other ethnic groups. Irish naturalization and voter registration rates were the highest of all the immigrant groups. "[In the 1860s] Radical Republicans captured control of the New England and Middle Atlantic states. . . . [They] pursued a program of electoral and institutional reform in the eastern states with urban Democratic (and Irish) strongholds. Rather than weakening the embryonic Democratic city organizations, the Radical attack succeeded in strengthening these machines. The election of pro-machine Democratic governors in states such as New York, New Jersey, and California further aided Irish machine building." Steven P. Erie, historian, Rainbow's End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840-1985, published in 1990 Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would best modify the overall argument of the excerpt? A Political machines engaged in active campaigns to naturalize new Irish immigrants as citizens. B Some urban areas with large Irish populations did not develop Irish-dominated political machines. C Irish people received a significant percent of new patronage jobs created in New York City in the 1890s. D The Irish in San Francisco were more likely to vote than other ethnic groups in the late 1890s and early 1900s.

Some urban areas with large Irish populations did not develop Irish-dominated political machines.

"The necessities of our altered relationship to the Pacific Ocean [after the late 1840s] found expression in a comprehensive treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with the sovereign kingdom of Hawaii. . . . "[The line] from San Francisco to Honolulu [in Hawaii] marks the natural limit of the ocean belt within which our trade with [eastern Asia] must flow. . . . When we survey the stupendous progress made by the western coast during the thirty years of its national life as a part of our dominion, . . . it is not easy to set a limit to its commercial activity or foresee a check to its maritime supremacy in the waters of [eastern Asia], so long as those waters afford, as now, a free and neutral scope for our peaceful trade. . . . "[The United States] firmly believes that the position of the Hawaiian Islands as the key to the dominion of the American Pacific demands their neutrality, to which end it will earnestly cooperate with the native government. And if, through any cause, the maintenance of such a position of neutrality should be found by Hawaii to be impracticable, this government would then unhesitatingly meet the altered situation by seeking an avowedly American solution for the grave issues presented." Secretary of State James G. Blaine, letter to James M. Comly, United States ambassador to Hawaii, 1881 Which of the following historical contexts contributed most directly to the diplomatic development represented in the excerpt? A The extension of United States influence into the Pacific B The declining influence of European powers in East Asia C The enforcement of Supreme Court rulings on segregation D The enactment of isolationism in the Western Hemisphere

The extension of United States influence into the Pacific

City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? A They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. B They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. C They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. D They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas. E They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution.

They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support.

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to A acquire additional landholdings in the West B create new businesses C finance philanthropic endeavors D pay workers better wages and benefits E live in luxury

finance philanthropic endeavors

The cartoonist most likely supported A reform of local government B women's political equality C redistribution of wealth D government policies favoring corporations

government policies favoring corporations

"We demand a graduated income tax. . . . Transportation being a means of exchange and a public necessity, the government should own and operate the railroads. . . . The land, including all the natural sources of wealth, is the heritage of the people, and should not be monopolized for speculative purposes, and alien ownership of land should be prohibited.... [W]e demand a free ballot and a fair count . . . to every legal voter.... [W]e favor a constitutional provision limiting the office of President and Vice-President to one term, and providing for the election of Senators of the United States by a direct vote of the people." People's (Populist) Party platform, 1892 Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the A growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming B emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment C development of reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening D rise of monopolies and reduction of wages for industrial workers

growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming

The era from the end of the Civil War to the outbreak of the First World War was characterized by A periodic economic panic and depression B uninterrupted economic growth C a sluggish economy except during times of mobilization for war D persistent inflation because of the influx of gold and silver into the economy E the emergence of large federal deficits

periodic economic panic and depression

The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized A skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains B all industrial and agricultural workers in "one big union" C unskilled workers along industrial lines D workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action E workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits

skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains