APUSH Ch. 20 Terms

The Draft

"Conscription." compulsory military service. - all males join, start at age 18, - first used in civil war, last used WW2 -- led to rioting by poor, Irish-Americans in North Why Important?

Lincoln's Call for Volunteers

-After Fort Sumter, Lincoln asks every state to start signing up volunteer to join the Union Army -Men were very excited to sign up (both sides) but still need training, uniforms and weapons -Many people though that the war would be very short and the government was only signing up men for 90-day enlistments Why Important?

Lincoln's Inauguration

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Dethroning King Cotton

1)The British manufacturers depended upon cotton from the South, but before the war from 1857 to 1860, a surplus of cotton had developed in Britain, allowing it to function without purchasing cotton from the South. 2) As Union armies penetrated the South, they captures and bought considerable amount of cotton and sent cotton to Britain. 3) King wheat and King corn, which produced great quantities in the North and send to Britain which proved to be more important than King Cotton. Why Important? Cotton was major industry in South. Without it, they would suffer economically

Advantages of South

1. Only fighting a defensive war, home field advantage -- knew the terrain, land 2. had skills to make good soldiers, hunting was a part of southern life, early age boys rode horses and used guns, 3. Best officers and leaders -- wealthy young men sent to military school, best officers in US army from south. 4. Had emotional interest -- passionate about their cause

First Inaugural Address

1. Said the North would not invade the South, but it would defend federal property in the South; 2. Southerners and Northerners were friends and brothers, not enemies. 3. Did NOT want to abolish slavery Why Important?

Arguments Against Secession

1. US started as dependent colonies, 2. Union is older, 3. Articles of Confed. call Union perpetual, 4. Constitution refers to people of US not states Why Important?

Diplomacy during Civil War

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Fort Sumter Crisis

Fort Sumter was a fort being built in Charelston HArbor and one of the two only forts still in federal hands. On April 12, 1861, South Carolina forces open fire on the fort and on the second day the Fort surrenders. Lincoln responds with a call for 75,000 militiamen. In response to Lincoln's call Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina secede. Why Important? Started the Civil War

Economics during Civil War

Homestead Act offered free land in the West; building of the transcontinental railroad began; national banking system established; growth of industry Why Important?

Trent Affair

In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release Why Important?

New York Draft Riots

July 1863 just after the Battle at Gettysburg. Mobs of Irish working-class men and women roamed the streets for four days until federal troops suppressed them. They loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a war on behalf of slaves who, once freed, would compete with them for jobs. They were also angry that the rich could "buy" their sons a way out of the draft Why Important?

Greenbacks

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war Why Important?

French Occupation of Mexico

Napoleon III decides to take over Mexico because Mex president quit making payments on their debt Napoleon III had to stay in France so he put Maximilian as his representative to do the job Cinco de Mayo- unlikely win for Mexicans in a battle against the French France gets distracted by the Franco-Prussian war and moves out of Mexico Why Important? How does this relate to Civil War?

Border States

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. Why Important? These slave states stayed in the Union and were crucial to Lincoln's political and military strategy. He feared alienating them with emancipation of slaves and adding them to the Confederate cause. They would strengthen the South

Morrill Tariff Act

This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent (double) however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. Why Important?

Writ of Habeas Corpus

a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person Why Important? protects citizens against unlawful imprisonment

Homestead Act of 1862

allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30. Instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm. Why Important?

Jefferson Davis

an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

North economy during civil war

manufactures made a lot of money, a new class of millionaires appeared, and faremers made a lot of money by feeding soldiers Why Important?

U.S. Sanitary Commission

organization developed to provide medical supplies and assistance to Union armies in the field Why Important? Not only organized women to serve at the front, it also funneled medicine and supplies to badly overtaxed hospitals during the Civil War. It also helped spread ideas about the importance of sanitary conditions in hospitals and clinics and probably contributed to the relative decline of disease in the war.

Advantages of the North

strong naval position, trained sailors, twice the population, many industries/more advanced industrialization=more supplies and ammo, and controlled taxes and later all ports Why Important?