APUSH Ch. 37

Stonewall Rebellion

A series of riots that emerged when off-duty police officers attacked gay men. Worries in the 1980s of AIDS and other sexually-transmitted diseases slowed the sexual revolution.

Miranda warning

A series of statements informing criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to counsel: required by Supreme Court's 1966 decision in Miranda v. Arizona.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The US federal agency with a mission to protect human health and the environment. Established by Nixon.

Nixon Doctrine

The United States would honor its existing defense commitments but in the future, Asians and other countries would have to fight their own wars without the support of large numbers of American troops.

War Powers Act

1973- It required the president to tell Congress within 48 hours about all commitments of U.S. troops to foreign conflicts. A new feeling of "New Isolationism" that discouraged U.S. troops from being used in other countries' wars began to take hold.

Freedom Summer

A 1964 effort to register African-American voters in Mississippi.

Black Power

A doctrine preached by Stokely Carmichael, which emphasized racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural practices.

Black Panther party

A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods and carried weapons in the streets of Oakland, CA; often thought of as radical or violent.

Silent majority

A group who presumably supported the Vietnam War. Nixon wanted to gain their support.

My Lai

A massacre of hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers during the Vietnam War.

Affirmative action

A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.

Malcolm X

An African-American Muslim minister who rallied black separatism. In 1965, he was shot and killed by a rival Nation of Islam.

Kent State University

An Ohio university where National Guardsmen opened fire on students protesting the Vietnam War on May 4, 1970, wounding nine and killing four.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

An organization for social change founded by college students in 1960. They protested racism and the Vietnam War, among other things.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public. It strengthened the federal government's power to end segregation in schools and other public places. It also created the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to eliminate discrimination in hiring (race, national origin, gender).

Earth Day

International day of celebration and awareness of global environmental issues launched by conservationists on April 22, 1970.

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)

Integrated party founded in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964. Its members attempted to attend the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as the legitimate representatives of their state, but Democratic leaders refused to recognize the party.

Eugene McCarthy

He entered the race for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination, along with Robert F. Kennedy.

George C. Wallace

Headed the American Independent party in 1968, which calld for the segregation of blacks.

Southern strategy

Helped Nixon win the Southern vote. This strategy consisted of opposing civil rights for African-Americans.

Warren E. Burger

Nixon appointee as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in place of Earl Warren. He failed to overturn earlier liberal court decisions as Nixon hoped. He presided over major cases involving abortion, affirmative action, the death penalty, and school desegregation.

Vietnamization

Nixon started this policy, which was to withdraw 540,000 U.S. troops from South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese, with American money, weapons, training, and advice, would then gradually take over the war. Nixon did not want to end the war; he wanted to win it by other means.

Henry A. Kissinger

Nixon's national security advisory, who used the Chinese-Soviet tension to play off one country against the other.

Great Society

President Johnson's domestic program, which was a set of New Dealish economic and welfare tried to reduce poverty and racial discrimination.

Philadelphia Plan

Required construction-trade unions to establish quotas for hiring black employees.

George McGovern

Senator who won the 1972 Democratic nomination, although President Nixon won the election.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Sought to prohibit minorities from being disenfranchised (through poll taxes, literacy tests, etc).

Six-Day War

Started in June 1967, when Israel launched a pre-emptive attack on Egypt's airforce. Following the war, Israel gained the territories of Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank.

Détente

The relaxing of tensions between the Soviet Union and China, negotiated by Nixon in Moscow in 1972.