APUSH Chapter 10

As president, John Quincy Adams supported which of the following policies? a. A national bank to promote a uniform currency and to control credit. b. Strict limits on the powers of the federal government. c. A suspension on "internal improvements" by the federal government. d. The implementation of lower tariffs on imported products.

a. A national bank to promote a uniform currency and to control credit.

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Jacksonian-era constitutional revolution on the states? a. Between 1830 and 1860, twenty states revised their charters and enhanced democracy. b. States began to pass their own tariff laws and print their own currency. c. The "commonwealth" philosophy of economic development was strengthened. d. The power of state governments to regulate business was enhanced.

a. Between 1830 and 1860, twenty states revised their charters and enhanced democracy.

In 1832, a South Carolina state convention committed which of the following actions? a. Declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the state b. Ordered the state militia to arrest customs officials and to impound their collections c. Declared that the state had decided to secede from the Union d. Threatened to impeach Jackson for his unconstitutional actions

a. Declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the state

In what way was the United States more democratic than anywhere else in the world during the first half of the nineteenth century? a. Franchise qualifications b. Spoils system c. Bicameral legislature d. Method of choosing the Senate

a. Franchise qualifications

What was the outcome of President John Quincy Adams' support of the Creeks in their treaty negotiations with the state of Georgia? a. Georgia's governor attacked him as a "public enemy" and "ally of the savages." b. His New England supporters deserted his bid for reelection. c. A large reservation in central Georgia was set aside for the Creeks. d. The Georgia state legislature called for his impeachment.

a. Georgia's governor attacked him as a "public enemy" and "ally of the savages."

Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in the 1830s? a. Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development. b. Most Americans welcomed the Second Bank's policy of forcing unsound western banks to close. c. Eastern entrepreneurs and bankers opposed the Second Bank because it strove to limit their plans for national economic development. d. Jackson's opponents in Congress knew he opposed the Second Bank and attempted to stall a vote on its charter until he left office.

a. Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development.

Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system? a. Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank b. Subsidized internal improvements, the national bank, and patronage c. Slavery, patronage, and subsidized internal improvements d. Protective tariff, patronage, and subsidized internal improvements

a. Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank

The 1832 Ordinance of Nullification was based on which of the following beliefs? a. States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce. b. The people are the ultimate source of power for the national government. c. States can neither bring suit against nor tax a federal institution. d. Only the president has the right to rule an act of Congress invalid.

a. States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce.

Which of the following describes the ruling by the Roger B. Taney Supreme Court in Mayor of New York v. Miln? a. The Taney Court ruled that New York State could inspect the health of arriving immigrants. b. The Court reduced the regulatory role of the New York State government. c. The justices allowed a bank owned by the state of Kentucky to issue currency. d. The Court did not expand the economic powers granted to states in the Constitution of 1787.

a. The Taney Court ruled that New York State could inspect the health of arriving immigrants.

In 1834, the Working Men's Party persuaded the Pennsylvania legislature to do which of the following? a. Allow collective bargaining by labor unions b. Create a free, tax-supported public school system c. Mandate a ten-hour workday for all factory workers d. Require that workers be paid time-and-a-half for overtime

b. Create a free, tax-supported public school system

In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon? a. Whig party policies b. Democracy c. Industrialization d. More money could be made in business than in politics

b. Democracy

Which of the following laws required the Treasury department to accept only gold and silver in payment for purchases of federal land? a. The Independent Treasury Act of 1840 b. The Specie Circular c. The National Road Bill d. The Commercial Credit Act

b. The Specie Circular

How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832? a. Jackson asked Congress to raise the tariff rates even higher if South Carolina did not stop its threats. b. He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification. c. He pulled federal troops and navy ships out of forts and ports in South Carolina where they might have provoked an attack by the South Carolina militia. d. Jackson asked Congress to prepare a bill to expel South Carolina from the Union if it did not stop its threats.

b. He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification.

Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832? a. His opponents in Congress, most of whom supported the Second Bank, had tried to embarrass him politically. b. He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people. c. French aristocrats had invested heavily in the bank and he objected to their influence. d. One of his major congressional opponents, Daniel Webster, directed the Boston branch of the bank.

b. He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people.

How did President Andrew Jackson change the federal system of office holding? a. He created a civil service system that awarded federal positions on the basis of merit. b. Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure. c. He established a formula for bipartisan staffing of federal offices and the cabinet. d. Jackson wrested the power of appointment from state legislatures and Congress.

b. Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure.

The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, written by John C. Calhoun, bore a similarity to the argument made by which of the following people? a. Thomas Paine in Common Sense b. Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions c. John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison d. George Washington in his farewell address

b. Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

In which of the following ways was Chief Justice Roger Taney different from his predecessor, John Marshall? a. Marshall was a Democrat while Taney was a Whig. b. Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights. c. Taney was a more avid believer in the sanctity of contracts. d. Unlike Marshall, Taney had a nationalistic interpretation of the commerce clause.

b. Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights.

Which of the following statements characterizes the American political system directly after the American Revolution? a. It was highly democratic and open to almost all white males. b. Notables managed local elections through their personal connections. c. Political parties were well established and regulated in most states. d. Pressure to make politics more democratic spread westward from New England.

b. Notables managed local elections through their personal connections.

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is known as which of the following systems? a. Nepotism b. Patronage c. Caucusing d. The Whig System

b. Patronage

What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals? a. The committee system in Congress b. Political parties c. The two-term presidency d. The Supreme Court's judicial review

b. Political parties

Most of the new state constitutions written between 1830 and 1860 did which of the following? a. Gave all men the right to vote b. Reapportioned state legislatures on the basis of population c. Required the appointment of most public officials such as sheriffs and judges d. Allowed the states to grant special charters to corporations

b. Reapportioned state legislatures on the basis of population

Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810s? a. Tax increases for the rich b. Restrictions on imprisonment for debt c. Mandatory military service for young men d. Limited suffrage for women

b. Restrictions on imprisonment for debt

Which of the following elements defined the Democrats under Andrew Jackson? a. Consideration for Native Americans b. Support for average Americans c. Treatment of the national bank d. Views on patronage

b. Support for average Americans

Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential campaign of 1840? a. Whig organizers pinned their hopes on clear explanations of the American System and on the voters' desire for national moral purification. b. The Whigs' campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the man-of-the-people qualities of their presidential candidate. c. The Democrats outdid the Whigs by presenting Martin Van Buren as the true man of the people, in the tradition of Andrew Jackson. d. Big businesses and labor unions contributed large sums of money to the candidates for the first time in American history.

b. The Whigs' campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the man-of-the-people qualities of their presidential candidate.

What occurred during the Bad Axe Massacre of 1832? a. Seminole Indians in Florida ambushed the U.S. Army unit Jackson sent to remove them. b. U.S. troops pursued Black Hawk's followers into Wisconsin and killed 850 of his warriors. c. U.S. troops surrounded and massacred an entire Cherokee village in Georgia. d. The Choctaw chief Bad Axe fought a pitched battle against white settlers in Mississippi.

b. U.S. troops pursued Black Hawk's followers into Wisconsin and killed 850 of his warriors.

In the election of 1840, Whigs boosted their electoral hopes by appealing to which of the following groups? a. Irish immigrants b. Women c. Wealthy Northern businessmen d. Freemasons

b. Women

President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by a. revoking Andrew Jackson's Specie Circular of 1836. b. adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance. c. instituting an extensive public works program. d. depositing government gold and silver from private banks.

b. adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance.

John C. Calhoun challenged the northern Whig economic ideology by arguing a. that northern factory owners and southern slave owners had nothing in common. b. that advanced civilizations always had antagonism between workers and capitalists. c. that American society was essentially a classless one. d. for federal supremacy over the states and a strong tariff.

b. that advanced civilizations always had antagonism between workers and capitalists.

On whom did President Jackson rely for political advice? a. Several key western senators, including Henry Clay b. His official cabinet officers c. An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet d. Chief Justice John Marshall

c. An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet

In the landmark case of Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. (1837), Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the U.S. Supreme Court did which of the following? a. Reaffirmed John Marshall's interpretation of the contract clause in the U.S. Constitution b. Upheld the protected legal position of existing state-chartered monopolies c. Encouraged competitive enterprise, opening the way for legislatures to charter railroad companies d. Ruled that the city of New York could use its "police power" to inspect new immigrants' health

c. Encouraged competitive enterprise, opening the way for legislatures to charter railroad companies

Which of the following describe John Tyler and his presidency? a. He had become famous as a hero during the War of 1812. b. Tyler was a longtime supporter of the American system. c. He so angered Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president. d. Tyler's presidency faithfully upheld Harrison's priorities.

c. He so angered Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president.

The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions? a. The Louisiana Purchase b. Worcester v. Georgia c. Indian Removal Act of 1830 d. The Bad Axe Massacre

c. Indian Removal Act of 1830

Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832? a. The action was unpopular and surprised most Americans, who thought the issue had been resolved. b. Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill for his own reasons and without offering any reason or explanation to the public. c. It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric. d. Jackson staked his presidency on the veto, declaring that he would resign if Congress passed the bill over his veto.

c. It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and class rhetoric.

Correctly match the candidate in the 1824 presidential election with his description. a. Adams—choice of the Republican caucus in Congress b. Calhoun—Secretary of the Treasury in the Monroe administration c. Jackson—popular War of 1812 hero d. Crawford—Speaker of the House of Representatives

c. Jackson—popular War of 1812 hero

Who is considered the first real politician, partly because he created the first statewide political machine? a. Alexander Hamilton b. John Quincy Adams c. Martin Van Buren d. Andrew Jackson

c. Martin Van Buren

Which of the following developments spurred the Panic of 1837? a. Cotton prices dropped to an all-time low. b. The stock market crashed, causing widespread bankruptcy. c. The Bank of England curtailed British investment in the United States. d. State governments throughout the country defaulted on their debts.

c. The Bank of England curtailed British investment in the United States.

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes? a. The Supreme Court intervenes to determine the winner. b. The candidate with the most electoral votes wins. c. The House of Representatives decides the outcome. d. Congress appoints a special bipartisan commission.

c. The House of Representatives decides the outcome.

Which of the following statements describes events surrounding the election of 1824? a. John Quincy Adams became president even though Andrew Jackson had more popular votes. b. It was the first time a presidential election was decided by the House of Representatives. c. The Republican candidate William Crawford died from a stroke in the midst of the campaign. d. The disputed outcome led to extended rioting in several large southern cities.

c. The Republican candidate William Crawford died from a stroke in the midst of the campaign.

Working Men's Parties of the late 1820s and 1830s called for which of the following reforms? a. The abolition of the factory system b. Nationalization of factories and their management by workers c. The abolition of debtors' prisons d. The abolition of slavery

c. The abolition of debtors' prisons

Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s? a. As the 1840 election demonstrated, the Whigs clearly held the edge in party discipline and mass loyalty. b. The two parties offered nearly the same social and economic platform but employed differing campaign styles to attract voters. c. The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge. d. The Democrats had a major advantage in their wealth and the cohesiveness of their leadership and support.

c. The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge.

Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s? a. They sought to prevent riots. b. They needed to increase their representation in Congress. c. They wanted to discourage westward migration. d. They aimed to give women a greater influence.

c. They wanted to discourage westward migration.

Which of the following was the primary function of the Second Bank of the United States? a. To make a profit for the federal government through judicious loans to the country's most promising entrepreneurs b. To keep the economy in equilibrium by raising or lowering interest rates in response to changes in the capitalist business cycle c. To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin d. To serve as a clearinghouse for foreign investments and currency in order to raise the country's international economic standing

c. To stabilize the nation's money supply by forcing state banks to convert their paper money periodically into gold and silver coin

Andrew Jackson and his supporters won the election in 1828 in part by a. repudiating the growing authority of political powers. b. promising to expand and extend Clay's American System. c. calling themselves Democrats to portray a more egalitarian image. d. branding his opponent as "Old Hickory" to emphasize his old-fashioned political style.

c. calling themselves Democrats to portray a more egalitarian image.

In the aftermath of the nullification crisis, President Jackson responded to southern concerns about the tariff by a. insisting that high protective tariffs were in the national interest. b. attempting unsuccessfully to have Congress repeal the Tariff of 1832. c. persuading Congress to pass a new tariff that gradually reduced duties. d. insisting that he had won the conflict and disregarding the issue.

c. persuading Congress to pass a new tariff that gradually reduced duties.

Sequoyah developed which of the following to assimilate members of the Cherokee tribe into American life? a. A new charter of government modeled directly on the U.S. Constitution b. A political party that appealed to Native Americans of all tribes c. A bank that issued notes to encourage economic development for the Cherokee tribe d. A perfected system of writing for the Cherokee language

d. A perfected system of writing for the Cherokee language

Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States? a. The bank had not been successful at stabilizing the currency. b. It had not been able to influence credit in a satisfactory manner. c. The U.S. government was forced to play too large a role in managing the bank. d. It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners.

d. It was a monopoly that benefited only a few owners, some of whom were foreigners.

Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans during his presidency? a. He planned to encourage missionaries to convert the tribes east of the Mississippi River to Christianity and white culture. b. Jackson intended to force Native Americans to comply with federal treaties, even when they ran counter to the national interest. c. He sought better relations with the "civilized" Indians of the Old Southwest, encouraging them to continue their adaptation to white ways. d. Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

d. Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society.

On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830s critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790s? a. National bank b. Industrialization c. Role of the federal government d. Rule by an elite based on talent

d. Rule by an elite based on talent

What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common? a. Most of them were Whigs. b. They tended to be Democrats. c. Most rejected the ideas of the Second Great Awakening. d. They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises.

d. They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises.

In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issued a decision that a. upheld Georgia's rights to Cherokee lands. b. sanctioned the stationing of federal troops on tribal lands. c. declared the 1830 Indian Removal Act unconstitutional. d. upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities.

d. upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities.