APUSH Chapter 15 : Reconstruction Part 3

Hiram Revels

Born free in North Carolina# was educated in Illinois, and served as a chaplain in the wartime Union army, in 1870 became the first black senator in American history.

Slaughterhouse (1873)

Butchers excluded from a state-sponsored monopoly I'm Louisiana went to court, claiming that their right to equality guaranteed by the 14th Amendment was violated. The justices rejected their claim, ruling that the amendment had not altered traditional federalism. Most of the rights of citizens, it declared, remained under state control.

Liberal Republicans

The Liberal Republican Party of the United States was a political party that was organized in Cincinnati in May 1872, to oppose the reelection of President Ulysses S. Grant and his Radical Republican supporters in the presidential election of 1872

Redeemers

The victorious Democrats called themselves Reedemers, since they claimed to have "redeemed" the white South from corruption, misogovernment, and northern and black control.

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Carpetbaggers - Reffering to Northern Reconstruction officials who moved to the south after the war. Implying that they had packed all their belonging in a suitcase and left their homes in order to reap the spoils of office in the South. Most were former Union soldiers and others were investors in land and railroads who saw in the postwar South an opportunity to combine personal economic advancement with a role in helping to substitute. Scalawags - non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry.

U.S. v. Cruikahank (1873)

In this case, the court gutted the Enforcement Acts by throwing out the convictions of some of those responsible for the Colfax Massacre of 1873

The Election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877

Republicans nominated Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio. Democrats chose his opponent New York's governor Samuel J. Tilden. By this time only South Carolina., Florida, and Louisiana remained under control. The Election turned out to be so close that whoever captured these states would become the next President. Unable to resolve the impasse on its own, Congress in January 1877 appointed a fifteen-memeber Electoral commission, composed of senators, representatives, and Supreme Court Justices. Republicans wine 8-7.

Ku Klux Klan

Served as a military arm of the Democratic Party in the south. Founded in Tennessee in 1866, and was a terrorist organization. It quickly spread into every southern state. Led by planters, merchants, and Democratic politicians, men who likes to style themselves as the South's "Respectable citizens", the Klan committed some of the most brutal criminal acts in U.S. History. In many countries it launched what was called the "reign of terrorism" against Republican leaders, black and white.

Pinckney B.S. Pinchback and L. Douglas Wilder

Pinckney B.S. Pinchback, of Louisiana, the Georgia-born son if a white planter and a freed black woman, served briefly during winter of 1872-1873 as America's first black governor. L. Douglas Wilder of Virginia, elected in 1989, became the second black governor of America.