APUSH Chapter 18

Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: After 1850, how many organized territories prohibited slavery? Identify them.

2: Oregon Territory and Minnesota Territory

Republican Party

A new political party organized as a protest against the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Compromise of 1850

A series of agreements between North and South that temporarily dampened the slavery controversy and led to a short-lived era of national good feelings.

Ostend Manifesto

A top-secret dispatch, drawn up by American diplomats in Europe, that detailed a plan for seizing Cuba from Spain.

The Free Soil party

A. Was the predecessor of the antislavery Republican Party.

California

Acquired from Mexico in 1848 and admitted as a free state in 1850 without ever having been a territory. (O)

Caleb Cushing

American diplomat who negotiated the Treaty of Wanghia with China in 1844. (J)

Matthew Perry

American naval commander who opened Japan to the West in 1854. (A)

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

An agreement between Britain and America concerning any future Central American canal.

The Pierce administration's schemes to acquire Cuba

B. Fell apart after the leaking of the Ostend Manifesto.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

C. Caused a tremendous northern protest and the birth of the Republican Party.

Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: Under the Compromise of 1850, which free state was partially located south of the line 36° 30' (the southern border of Missouri), which had been established by the Missouri Compromise as the border between slave and free territories?

California

Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850,

California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty.

The proposed admission of California directly into the Union was dangerously controversial because

California's admission as a free state would destroy the equal balance of slave and free states in the U.S. Senate.

Nicaragua

Central American nation desired by pro-slavery expansionists in the 1850s. (F)

Central America c. 1850: In the 1850s, the territories of the future Panama Canal was part of which South American country?

Colombia

The California gold rush

D. Made the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession areas more urgent.

During the debate over the Compromise of 1850, northern antislavery forces were particularly outraged by what they considered the "betrayal" of Senator

Daniel Webster.

Lewis Cass

Democratic presidential candidate in 1848, original proponent of the idea of "popular sovereignty." (B)

The Compromise of 1850

E. Created a short-lived national mood of optimism and reconciliation.

The Gadsden Purchase, 1853: The proposed southern transcontinental railroad was supposed to run through which two Texas cities?

El Paso and Houston

The Gadsden Purchase

F. Heightened competition between southern and northern railroad promoters over the choice of a transcontinental route.

Both southerners and northerners alike refused to accept Douglas's plan to repeal the Missouri Compromise.

False

In the Senate debate of 1850, Calhoun spoke for compromise, while Clay and Webster each defended his own section's interests.

False

In the key provisions of the Compromise of 1850, New Mexico and Utah were admitted as slave states, while California was left open to popular sovereignty.

False

The California gold rush of 1849 diverted the nation's attention from slavery.

False

The Free Soil party consisted of a small, unified band of radical abolitionists.

False

The Gadsden Purchase resulted in a general national agreement to build the trans-continental railroad along the southern route.

False

The greatest political winner in the Compromise of 1850 was the South.

False

Harriet Tubman

Famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad who rescued more than three hundred slaves from bondage. (D)

The evasion of the slavery issue by Whigs and Democrats in 1848

G. Led to the formation of new Free-Soil antislavery party.

The Fugitive Slave Law

H. Aroused active northern resistance to legal enforcement and prompted attempts at nullification in Massachusetts.

Among the notable advocates of compromise in the controversy over slavery in 1850 were

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster.

Fire-Eaters

Hotheaded southern agitators who pushed for southern interests and favored secession from the Union.

Stephen A. Douglas's indifference to slavery and desire for a northern railroad route

I. Led to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, without regard for the consequences.

Stephen A. Douglas

Illinois politician who helped smooth over sectional conflict in 1850 but then reignited it in 1854. (E)

The Underground Railroad

J. Aroused southern demands for an effective fugitive-slave law.

Winfield Scott

Military hero of the Mexican War who became the Whigs' last presidential candidate in 1852. (G)

The Legal Status of Slavery, from the Revolution to the Civil War: In 1854, what was the status of slavery in the only state that bordered on the Kansas Territory?

Missouri was a slave state.

China

Nation whose 1844 treaty with the United States opened the door to a flood of American missionaries. (M)

Kansas and Nebraska, 1854: The proposed northern transcontinental railroad was supposed to run through which territory organized by Stephen Douglas's act of 1854?

Nebraska Territory

William Seward

New york senator who argued that the expansion of slavery was forbidden by a "higher law." (L)

Southerners seeking to expand the territory of slavery were especially interested in acquiring

Nicaragua and Cuba.

Central America c. 1850: In Central America, British influence extended along the Atlantic coasts of which two nations?

Nicaragua and Honduras

Daniel Webster

Northern spokesman whose support for the Compromise of 1850 earned him the hatred of abolitionists. (N)

Whigs

Political party that fell apart and disappeared after losing the election of 1852.

Cuba

Rich Spanish colony coveted by American pro-slavery expansionists in the 1850s. (I)

Higher Law

Senator William Seward's doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as a contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution.

The Gadsden Purchase

Southwestern territory acquired by the Pierce administration to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad.

Mason-Dixon Line

The boundary line between slave and free states in the East, originally the southern border of Pennsylvania.

Popular Sovereignty

The doctrine that the issue of slavery should be decided by the residents of a territory themselves, not by the federal government.

Underground Railroad

The informal network that conducted runaway slaves from the South to Canada.

Democratic Party

The political party that was deeply divided by Douglas' Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Fugitive Slave Act

The provision of the Compromise of 1850 that comforted southern slave-catchers and aroused the wrath of northern abolitionists.

Tokugawa Shogunate

The ruling warrior dynasty of Japan with whom Matthew Perry negotiated the Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854. (K)

Missouri Compromise

The sectional agreement of 1820, repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Free Soil Party

Third-party entry in the election of 1848 that opposed slavery expansion and prepared the way for the Republican party.

Democratic politicians and others attempted to avoid the issue of slavery in the territories by saying it should be left to "popular sovereignty."

True

Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act was intended to organize western territories so that a transcontinental railroad could be built along a northern route.

True

Southerners demanded a more effective fugitive-slave law to stop the "Underground Railroad" from running escaped slaves to Canada.

True

The Kansas-Nebraska Act wrecked the Compromise of 1850 and created deep divisions within the Democratic Party.

True

The Pierce administration's expansionist efforts in Central America, Cuba, and the Gadsden Purchase were basically designed to serve southern proslavery interests.

True

The Republican Party was initially organized as a northern protest against Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act.

True

The Whig Party disappeared because its northern and southern wings were too deeply split over the Fugitive Slave Law and other sectional issues.

True

The provision of the Compromise of 1850 that aroused the fiercest northern opposition was the Fugitive Slave Law.

True

The Legal Status of Slavery, from the Revolution to the Civil War: Under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, how far north could slavery have extended had it been implemented in Nebraska territory?

Up to the northern border of the United States, the 49th parallel.

Slavery After the Compromise of 1850: Under the Compromise of 1850, which territory located north of 36 30' could have adopted slavery if it had chosen to do so?

Utah Territory

Franklin Pierce

Weak Democratic president whose pro-southern cabinet pushed aggressive expansionists schemes. (C)

Zachary Taylor

Whig president who nearly destroyed the Compromise of 1850 before he died in office. (H)

Texas and the Disputed Area Before the Compromise of 1850: A large territory claimed by Texas was taken from it in the Compromise of 1850, and parts of it were later incorporated into five other states. Which were they?

Wyoming, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, and New Mexico

One of the primary effects of the Fugitive Slave Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 was

a sharp rise in northern antislavery feeling.

The existence of the "underground railroad" added to southern demands for

a stricter federal Fugitive Slave Law.

In the election of 1848, the response of the Whig and Democratic parties to the rising controversy over slavery was

an attempt to ignore the issue.

Northerners especially resented Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act because

it repealed the Missouri Compromise prohibiting slavery in northern territories.

The primary goal of Commodore Matthew Perry's treaty with Japan in 1854 was

opening Japan to American trade.

The greatest winner in the Compromise of 1850 was

the North.

The final battle to gain passage of the Compromise of 1850 was substantially aided by

the death of President Taylor and the succession of President Fillmore.

The conflict over slavery after the election of 1852 led shortly to

the death of the Whig party.

"Popular sovereignty" was the idea that

the people of a territory should determine for themselves whether or not to permit slavery.

Quick formation of an effective government in California was essential because of

the very large and unruly population drawn into the state by the discovery of gold.