APUSH Chapter 4

Act which allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies

Administration of Justice Act

Briefly explain why the colonists objected to the Proclamation.

After their Seven Years' War victory, the colonists hoped to reap the benefits in the form of access to the West lands

British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, NY, to provide for an inter-colonial government to recruit troops and collect taxes. (1754) Set a precedent for other revolutionary meetings.

Albany Plan

Developed the Albany Plan of Union

Benjamin Franklin

British guards, harrassed by colonists, fire into a crowd, killing five people(1770)

Boston Massacre

In retaliation to the Tea Act; colonists boarded the Dartmouth and dumped its cargo of tea into the harbor

Boston Tea Party

Key Concept 1

British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.

How did Greenville and other British officials argue that the Stamp Act did not violate the principle of no taxation without representation?

By saying that the colonists received virtual representation in Parliament

Proposed another tax measure, introduced the Townshend Acts

Charles Townshend

Letter which urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. British officials ordered it retracted and threatened to do away with the Massachusetts legislative government and increase the number of troops in Boston

Circular letter

A series of acts made to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

Coercive Acts

Initiated by Samuel Adams (1772), these spread news of suspicious acts by the British throughout the colonies

Committee of correspondence

Asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever

Declaratory Act

Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress?

Declaratory Act stating the right to tax

Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the United States, and explain how migration has affected American life.

Different native societies adapted to and transformed their environments through innovations in agriculture, resource use, and social structure.

Fails and granted monopoly of American Tea business; Even though prices were cheap, Americans thought it was bait. Principal over price.

East India Tea Company

General who led an army from Virginia, but was defeated (1755)

Edward Braddock

A European movement in literature and philosophy; used human reasoning to solve problems

Enlightenment

Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, economic, and social developments in North America.

Europeans said that the NA must be taught and disciplined and bring into modernization and converted to Christianity. NA did not want this and Europeans took advantage over their lack of advancement

Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity.

Everyone has a say; Inspired from the breaking apart from GB during the revolution and continued afterwards

How did colonial leaders dispute "virtual representation" ?

Formed the Stamp Act Congress

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

French and Indian War

British customs ship, which had caught many smugglers, ran aground and colonists dressed as Indians drove everyone off the boat, then burned it

Gaspee Affair

King of England and member of the Whig party

George III

Led a small militia from Virginia to stop work on French Fort Duquesne. Was forced to surrender. (July 3rd, 1754)

George Washington

Colonist name for the Coercive Acts

Intolerable Acts

Briefly explain how effective the Proclamation was.

It was not effective because thousands still surpassed Britain's boundary line and went to the Appalachian mountains.

Briefly explain the reasons why the British issued the Proclamation of 1763.

It was to prohibit the colonies from settling west of Appalachian mountains because British wanted to avoid another war with the Natives

In 1768, he wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with Samuel Adams

James Otis

The turning point of the French and Indian War came with his succession; the British government entrusted him with the key campaign of the war(the attack on the French Canadian capital, Quebec)

James Wolfe

Wrote Letters from a Farmer; believed in no taxation without representation

John DIckinson

English philosopher who said that all people have rights, simply because they are human and that people have a right and a responsibility to revolt against any government that failed to protect their rights

John Locke

What were the four European wars that were fought that led to the American Revolution?

King William's War Queen Anne's War King George's War French and Indian War

New prime minister of Britain, urged Parliment to repeal the Townshend Acts

Lord Frederick North

Which of the following leaders from an earlier period represented a group in a similar situation as cited in this excerpt?

Nathaniel Bacon

Acts concerning how and where the colonists could trade

Navigation Acts

Delegates voted to send this petition to King George III, in which they pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights

Olive Branch Petition

Young Virginian lawyer who coined the phrase "No taxation without representation" in his speech to the House of Burgesses

Patrick Henry

Indian chief that led a rebellion against the colonies

Pontiac

(1763) Indian chief Pontiac led a major attack against the colonies. The British did not rely on colonial forces, but instead sent their army to deal with the rebellion

Pontiac's Rebellion

King George III's chancellor of the exchequer and prime minister, successfully pushed through Parliament three measures that aroused colonial suspicious of a British plot to subvert their liberties

Prime Minister Grenville

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. British hoped it would prevent violence between Native Americans and colonists. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law, moving to the west of the mountains in large numbers (1763)

Proclamation of 1763

Describe the beginnings of the antislavery movement in pre-revolutionary America?

Quakers began to question the morality of slavery. James Oglethorpe articulated the Enlightenment case against slavery, banning it in the Province of Georgia on humanist grounds, and arguing against it in Parliament.

Required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers in the colonies

Quartering Act

Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec, set up a government for Quebec and set the border at the Ohio River

Quebec Act

Suggested that women would be responsible for raising/ educating their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic

Republican Motherhood

French philospher

Rousseau

What did colonists fear that taxation by Parliament might tempt Britain to do?

Rule them without consulting their representatives

In 1768, he wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with James Otis

Samuel Adams

Secret society who intimidated tax agents; tarred and feathered some tax collectors

Sons of Liberty

Required that revenue stamps be placed on almost all printed paper. First direct tax paid by the people. Boycotts were effective in repealing this Act.

Stamp Act

Representatives from nine colonies met in NY (1765), and decided that only their own elected representatives had the power to approve taxes

Stamp Act Congress

Also known as the Revenue Act of 1764; placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries, main purpose was to raise money for the crown; provided stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts to stop smuggling

Sugar Act

Briefly explain the main point in excerpt 2.

THe decreasing control of raw material in the colonies, this was the inspiration for making good in the colonies.

Briefly explain the main point in excerpt 1.

Taxation without representation, it questions why colonies are not represented in the Parliament.

Lowered the price of tea, but still had a very small tax on it. Colonists still refused to buy it on principle

Tea Act of 1773

Explain how the point of view you identified in Part A helped to shape ONE particular colonial government action between 1607 and 1774.

The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies. This image shows that the Albany Plan tried to work against the disconnection of colonies.

Briefly describe an initial reaction taken as a result of the changed views by either the British or colonists.

The British felt the need to maintain a large British military force to guard its American frontiers. They made the colonies pay for the troops guarding the frontiers.

Briefly explain an action, in response to ONE of the two views expressed, taken by the British government from the period between 1763 and 1774.

The Quartering Act in 1765 forced the colonists to provide room and board for the British soldiers with no compensations. Causing the colonists to harbor negativity towards the British.

Key Concept 2

The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the Seven years' War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated France and allied American Indians.

Key Concept 3

The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain.

Explain the point of view reflected in the cartoon regarding ONE of the following - British colonial policies - efforts at colonial unity - Seven Years' War

The efforts at colonial unity were failing. Since they are disconnected from the body they will no longer function as one. Albany Plan led to further separation.

Explain how ONE element of the cartoon expresses the point of view you identified in Part A.

The scattering of the limbs shows the broken connections between the colonies. Each region is represented by a limb which shows that the colonial disconnect was widespread and since the woman appears to be suffering it implies that the reunion of the colonies will be beneficial.

Briefly explain the British view of how the Seven Years' War fundamentally changed the relationship between Britain and its American colonies.

They thought the American militia was poorly trained and disorderly. They also thought the colonists were useless because they were unwilling to help the troops.

Briefly explain the colonial view as a result of the war.

They were proud of their record in all 4 wars and developed confidence that they could provide their own defense

Brought in to enforce the Coercive Acts

Thomas Gage

Taxes on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea imported by the colonies; payed the salaries of British governors and judges in the colonies; strengthened the writs of assistance

Townshend Acts

Peace treaty signed to end the French and Indian War (1763) Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain its western territory.

Treaty of Paris 1763

The set of resolutions that was introduced by Patrick Henry. In them it was declared that Americans had to same rights as the English, especially the right to only be taxed by their own representatives; that Virginians should pay no taxes except those voted by the Virginia assembly; and that anyone advocating the right of Parliament to tax Virginians should be seen as an enemy to the colony

Virginia Resolution

The idea that the british parliament members virtually represented british colonists by speaking for all instead of just the district they were from

Virtual Representation

Under what circumstances did colonial leaders accept virtual representation?

When every community was being represented by someone elected by the members of each community

Dominant political party in Parliament who wanted to solve England's financial problems through the colonies

Whigs

Prime minister of England, concentrated the government's military strategy on conquering Canada; replaced all the old generals with new generals; got allies to fight in France

William Pitt

Declare invalid; happened to the Massachusetts Charter

annulled

To change the British policy, the colonists felt that the most effective way was to

boycott trade with Great Britain

The Enlightenment-influenced belief that the Christian god created the universe and then left it to run according to natural laws

deism

For the first time, the Stamp Act placed on the colonies a tax that was

direct

The concern expressed in this excerpt helps explain why the British passed the

proclamation of 1763

Trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society; emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity

rationalism

The basic concern voiced in the above excerpt is with the conduct of which of the following?

royal government

Britain exercised little direct control over the colonies and generally allowed the navigational laws to go unenforced; changed after the French and Indian War

salutary neglect

The resolution of the stamp act congress expressed respect for which person or group?

the king

Which of the following is the underlying goal of the colonists in the excerpt?

win political representation

A general license to search anywhere

writs of assistance