APUSH II TAKE HOME TEST ANSWER KEY - 150 QUESTIONS

100. Which of the following best supports the mission of the Women's Christian Temperance Union? A) To stop the legalization of alcohol B) To aid the immigrants in the United States C) Protecting girls from male exploitation D) Bring about personal and moral social reform

D) Bring about personal and moral social reform

48. To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the right of ex-slaves, so as to A) Help freedmen to work in factories. B) Incorporate big businesses. C) Allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes. D) Reduce corporate regulation by the states.

D) Reduce corporate regulation by the states.

41. Which accounts for the drop in unemployment in 1900? A) The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed. B) The Fordney-McCumber Tariff was passed. C) Federal gold reserves rose to unprecedented heights. D) The United States implemented an imperialist policy.

D) The United States implemented an imperialist policy.

95. The intention of this trading card was A) To convince the government to increase the quota on Asian immigration B) Encourage citizens to protest the treatment and discrimination against Chinese nationals C) Prevent businesses from discriminating on the basis of national origin D) To show that the yellow peril was a real phenomena

D) To show that the yellow peril was a real phenomena

150. Perhaps the most dramatic example of this was found in the 'near lynching' of Dick Rowland. While he was able to get away, the subsequent riot destroyed the most prosperous African American community in America and left an estimate 300 dead. Name the location. A) Atlanta, Georgia B) Birmingham, Alabama C) Charleston, South Carolina D) Tulsa, Oklahoma

D) Tulsa, Oklahoma

71. According to the image, the root of social inequality and social injustice is A) stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services. B) labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. C) landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. D) businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers.

D) businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers.

148. Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes the status of African Americans after the Civil War? A) African American voter participation led to fundamental changes in laws and policies in the south. B) Violence, while still prevalent, had decreased in the years following the Civil War. C) Backlash against emancipation and equal rights for African Americans led to an increase in violence after the Civil War. D) African American activists were hesitant to demand equal treatment because of a fear of retribution and violence.

C) Backlash against emancipation and equal rights for African Americans led to an increase in violence after the Civil War.

94 The end result of the advertisement was A) Demonstrating the usefulness of Chinese Americans in taking the most menial jobs during the Second Industrial Revolution B) Justifying paying Chinese laborers more than white workers C) Closing American borders to Chinese immigration D) Only allowing Chinese nationals to come to America on student visas

C) Closing American borders to Chinese immigration

127. It could be argued that the decision in Muller v. Oregon runs contradictory to the court's decision in A) Marbury v. Madison B) Plessy v. Ferguson C) Lochner v. New York D) U.S. v. E.C. Knight

C) Lochner v. New York

96. The Chinese Exclusion Act most directly reflected A) The post Civil War emergence of white supremacy groups B) The increased acceptance of European immigrants C) Nativist tendencies that had been in existence since the Irish immigration of the 1840 D) The tradition of reliance of farmers to reduce foreign nationals from immigrating to America

C) Nativist tendencies that had been in existence since the Irish immigration of the 1840

117. Arguments like those of Rauschenbusch most likely came about as a result of A) The rise of Nativist sentiments B) The end of Reconstruction and a return to the ideals of small government C) Unrestrained industrial and economic growth D) A disapproval with the restrictive growth of the Federal Government

C) Unrestrained industrial and economic growth

101. Which best expresses the relationship between the Women's Christian Temperance Union and urban atmosphere being developed in the United States in the mid-1800s. A) Women became more militant in their efforts B) Women gained less of a voice than anticipated C) Women increased in their momentum of gaining additional rights D) Women divided themselves, thus making them less impactful

C) Women increased in their momentum of gaining additional rights

19. Those opposed to the labor arrangement described in the excerpt, wanted the South to A) return to slavery B) accept the fact that agriculture would dominate the Southern economy C) begin to industrialize D) be patterned after labor arrangements on the mining frontier

C) begin to industrialize

149. According to Ida B. Wells-Barnett, foreign nations view the issue of race in America as A) a model for other nations to follow. B) proof that self-government cannot work. C) contradictory to American fundamental ideals. D) a failure of Reconstruction.

C) contradictory to American fundamental ideals.

112. Which of the following could be considered a direct result of the ideas put forth by Wells? A) the Great Migration (1910-1930) B) the Civil Rights Act of 1964 C) the strengthening of sharecropping D) the establishment of historically black colleges and universities

C) the strengthening of sharecropping

113. The plight of African-Americans referenced in this passage came about most directly as a result of a. the freedom granted by the 13th Amendment b. the crop-lien system c. the decision of the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson d. the disenfranchisement of many southern African-Americans

a. the freedom granted by the 13th Amendment

11. Which of the following represents the primary attempt by American Indian advocates to provide native populations with a viable existence in the late nineteenth century?. (A) 'Kill the Indian, save the man.' (B) 'The only good Indian is a dead Indian.' (C) 'There is no human right to the state of barbarism.' (D) 'The conquest ... by the whites of the Indian.'

(A) 'Kill the Indian, save the man.'

91. The labor union most inclusive and likely to ignore this directive would be (A) American Federation of Labor (B) National Organization for Women (C) Teamsters (D) Knights of Labor

(A) American Federation of Labor

110. Which of the following would have been most influenced by Ward's opinions? (A) Andrew Carnegie 'The Social Gospel' (B) Frederick Taylor 'Time and Motion Studies' (C) Charles Darwin 'Theory of Natural Selection' (D) Thaddeus Stevens 'Radical Reconstruction Policy'

(A) Andrew Carnegie 'The Social Gospel'

145. The song, and the movement that it was connected to, highlights which of the following developments in the broader society in the late 1800s? (A) Corruption in government, especially as it related to big business. (B) A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers as well as factory workers. (C) The two-party system of the era broke down, leading to the emergence of an additional major party. (D) Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers.

(A) Corruption in government, especially as it related to big business.

55. In the last half of the nineteenth century, which of the following changes in organized labor occurred? (A) It moved from vague, idealistic goals to concrete goals seeking higher wages and shorter hours. (B) The major unions were taken over by radical socialists bent on overthrowing the capitalistic system. (C) Organized labor unions were outlawed by the Supreme Court in Munn v. Illinois and E.C.Knight v. U.S. (D) Support for labor unions from the United States Congress increased with passage of the Pendleton Act.

(A) It moved from vague, idealistic goals to concrete goals seeking higher wages and shorter hours.

92. The poster would be most useful to historians studying the correlation between nativism and political parties in the 19th century. Specifically, they would look for similarities between the messages of the Miners Union above with the attitudes of the (A) Know Nothings (B) Northern Abolitionist leaders (C) Republicans (D) Populists

(A) Know Nothings

105. The above passage is most closely associated with which sector of the Progressive movement? (A) Muckrakes (B) Trust-busters (C) Wisconsin idea (D) Square Deal

(A) Muckrakes

129. All of the following reforms emerged from the actions of the Progressives except (A) The end of slavery - Amendment XV (B) The concept of the recall election. (C) The imposition of the income tax - Amendment XVI (D) Women's right to vote - Amendment XIX

(A) The end of slavery - Amendment XV

119. The conditions discussed in the excerpt depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century? (A) The growing gap between wealthy people and those living in poverty. (B) The rise of the settlement house and Populist movements. (C) The increased corruption evident in urban politics. (D) The internal migration of African Americans to the northern cities.

(A) The growing gap between wealthy people and those living in poverty.

102. The excerpt above was part of the material produced by a group of known collectively as 'Muckrakers.' Of the following Progressive crusaders, which of the following does not belong with the others? (A) William Howard Taft, Treason of the Senate (B) Ida Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil (C) Frank Norris, The Octopus (D) Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities

(A) William Howard Taft, Treason of the Senate

83. Problems associated with the conditions discussed in the excerpt most directly led to (A) demands for increased federal regulation of industry (B) economic instability and recession (C) calls for a return to an agrarian economy and society (D) decreases in union activism and membership

(A) demands for increased federal regulation of industry

122. Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the (A) growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming (B) emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment (C) development of reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening (D) rise of monopolies and reduction of wages for industrial workers

(A) growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming

124. The long-term cause of the suit filed in this case was which of the following? (A) large-scale industrialization (B) international migrants who came to the United States (C) the previous precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson (D) improved standard of living.

(A) large-scale industrialization

78. The pattern depicted in the graph in the first half of the nineteenth century most directly resulted in (A) the formation of a political party that promoted nativism (B) federal provision of financial assistance to immigrants (C) the establishment of settlement houses (D) a more unified national culture that embraced immigrants

(A) the formation of a political party that promoted nativism

125. The Hammer decision reinforced the opinion of scholars that the court was (A) working hand in glove with the interests of big business. (B) attempting to move away from the more conservative stance of the past. (C) the first step in reversing the precedent set in Muller v. Oregon. (D) the final gasp of a body out of touch with the changes occurring in America.

(A) working hand in glove with the interests of big business.

118. Conditions like those discussed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? (A) The passage of laws restricting immigration to the United States. (B) An increase in Progressive reform activity. (C) A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants. (D) The weakening of labor unions such as the A.F. of L.

(B) An increase in Progressive reform activity.

109. Who would have been most likely to oppose Ward's position? (A) Jane Addams - Settlement House Leader (B) Ben 'Pitchfork' Tillman - Nativist (C) William Marcy 'Boss' Tweed - NYC Mayor (D) John D. Rockefeller - Standard Oil

(B) Ben 'Pitchfork' Tillman - Nativist

144. Which of the following is an accomplishment of the political movement that was organized around sentiments similar to the one in the song lyrics? (A) Establishing the minimum wage. (B) Enactment of laws regulating the railroads. (C) Shifts in United States currency from the gold standard to the silver standard. (D) Creation of a price support system for small-scale farmers.

(B) Enactment of laws regulating the railroads.

139. The scenario described in the passage above is most directly reflected in the ideas of which of the following? (A) Voting Rights Act (B) Equal Rights Amendment (C) Pure Food and Drug Act (D) Interstate Commerce Act

(B) Equal Rights Amendment

61. Which figure would be most likely to agree with this cartoon? (A) William McKinley (B) Eugene V. Debs (C) Andrew Carnegie (D) John D. Rockefeller

(B) Eugene V. Debs

123. The ideas of the Populist Party, as expressed in the excerpt, had the most in common with the ideas of the (A) Federalists in the 1790s (B) Progressive movement (C) Whigs in the 1830s (D) Civil Rights movement

(B) Progressive movement

103. Sinclair's expose contributed directly to passage of the (A) Pendleton Act (B) Pure Food and Drug Act (C) Interstate Commerce Commission (D) Federal Trade Commission

(B) Pure Food and Drug Act

106. The Jungle directly contributed to the passage of the (A) National labor Act (B) The Pure Food and Drug Act (C) The Eight-Hour Day (D) Federal Trade Commission

(B) The Pure Food and Drug Act

107. Upton Sinclair was primarily concerned with the conditions for the working man and woman. In this light, which of the following was most directly responsible for the rise of organized labor in the United States? (A) Mann-Elkins Act (B) The White House Conference on Coal (C) Clayton Anti-Trust Act (D) The National Urban League

(B) The White House Conference on Coal

85. Which of the following provided the strongest justification for the practices discussed in the excerpt? (A) Manifest Destiny (B) Theories of change known as Social Darwinism (C) Socialism and utopianism (D) Romantic belief in human perfectibility

(B) Theories of change known as Social Darwinism

141. Prior to 1900, most African-Americans in the post-Reconstruction South (A) migrated to the north and took industrial jobs. (B) became sharecroppers or tenant farmers. (C) migrated west to take advantage of the Homestead Act. (D) left the United States as part of the 'Back to Africa Movement.'

(B) became sharecroppers or tenant farmers.

137. When examined from the perspective of Continuity and Change Over Time (CCOT), the language of this excerpt most closely parallels that of the debates regarding (A) free speech (B) voting rights (C) state versus federal power (D) procedures for amending the Constitution

(B) voting rights

58. This excerpt was written to most directly support which of the following? (A) The anti-trust movement (B) Employee ownership of business (C) Collective bargaining (D) Formation of trusts

(C) Collective bargaining

53. The cartoon above depicts which of the following business practice? (A) Laissez-faire capitalism (B) Consolidation (C) Horizontal integration (D) Interlocking directorates

(C) Horizontal integration

142. While mainstream African-American leaders of the late Gilded Age differed in how they sought to end segregated society, many followed a moderate course that called for gradual accommodation. Which of the following would have rejected this philosophy? (A) A. Phillip Randolph (B) Booker T. Washington (C) Malcolm X (Little) (D) Dr. Martin L. King, Jr.

(C) Malcolm X (Little)

108. Based upon the views expressed in the passage above, which of these would Ward have been most likely to support? (A) Legislation limiting the number of Eastern Europeans who could immigrate to the United States. (B) the application of Social Darwinism to public policy. (C) Progressive' efforts to relieve poverty in American cities. (D) The Chinese Exclusion Act

(C) Progressive' efforts to relieve poverty in American cities.

131. Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were 'exclusionary'? (A) Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movement. (B) Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated government. (C) Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans. (D) Most Progressives wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting.

(C) Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans.

60. Which of the following is most closely allied to the sentiments in this reading? (A) The economic theories of Adam Smith. (B) The practice of horizontal integration. (C) Pullman's company town for workers. (D) The American Federal of Labor.

(C) Pullman's company town for workers.

77. The trend depicted in the graph most directly contributed to which of the following developments after 1920? (A) A decline in internal migration (B) Federal efforts to return Mexican immigrants to their homeland (C) Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe (D) Total exclusion of immigration from China

(C) Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe

104. The Jungle was primarily concerned with working conditions. Perhaps this explains why Sinclair was an advocate of the (A) Pendleton Act (B) Interstate Commerce Commission (C) Socialist Party (D) National Urban League

(C) Socialist Party

138. Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the scenario described in this passage? (A) The Ku Klux Klan (B) The American Temperance Movement (C) The National Woman Suffrage Association (D) The Southern Christian leadership Conference

(C) The National Woman Suffrage Association

136. Which other nineteenth century reform movement made similar arguments to those written here by Ms. Anthony? (A) The temperance movement (B) Utopian movements (C) The abolition movement (D) Public school advocates

(C) The abolition movement

143. The song lyrics above would most likely have appeared in (A) an abolitionist newspaper in the 1830s (B) a Republican leaflet in the 1870s. (C) a populist newspaper in the 1890s (D) a civil rights pamphlet in the 1910s

(C) a populist newspaper in the 1890s

121. Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century? (A) Establishment of a transcontinental network of trains and the improvement of roads in the western United States (B) Expansion of United States influence in Central America and access to new international markets (C) Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest (D) Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

(D) Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

140. Plessy v. Ferguson resulted in which of the following? (A) The eventual integration of public schools. (B) Violent riots throughout northern cities in the 1890s. (C) Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. (D) De Jure status of Negroes as second-class citizens.

(D) De Jure status of Negroes as second-class citizens.

90. The overarching message of the poster is based upon (A) Fear of disease-ridden rodents infesting American farms in the west (B) Concerns about moral deficits from the Asian culture infusing itself in American society (C) Trying to unite white workers and to organize them into powerful unions (D) Developing a common enemy to unite disgruntled factory workers

(D) Developing a common enemy to unite disgruntled factory workers

120. Advocates for individuals such as those discussed in the excerpt would most likely have agreed with which of the following perspectives? (A) The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was justified. (B) Capitalism, free from regulations, would improve social conditions. (C) Both wealth and poverty are the products of natural selection. (D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

(D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

84. Which of the following were most likely to have led organized opposition to the practices discussed in the excerpt? (A) Factory owners (B) Tenant farmers (C) Radical Republicans (D) Middle-class women

(D) Middle-class women

79. The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the (A) West and Midwest (B) South and Midwest (C) South and Northeast (D) Midwest and Northeast

(D) Midwest and Northeast

130. Which of the following interpretations of progressivism would most likely support this excerpt? (A) Progressives were mostly conservatives in disguise. (B) Progressives were almost entirely white, middle class, and urban. (C) Progressives were educated modernizers interested in efficiency. (D) Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms.

(D) Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms.

135. On which of these documents is Anthony basing her appeal for women's equality? (A) The Articles of Confederation (B) The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (C) The Compromise of 1850 (D) The Declaration of Independence.

(D) The Declaration of Independence.

88. The motivation of the United States to ban Japanese laborers from emigrating to the United States was based mostly on A) competition between immigrants and natives over wages and control of land in California B) the refusal of Japanese immigrants to assimilate into American culture. C) the desire of California and other states to continue a policy of segregated schools for Asian children. D) to prevent immigrants with falsified papers from entering the country illegally.

A) competition between immigrants and natives over wages and control of land in California

126. Which of the following developments in the second half of the 20th century best represents a departure from the ideas expressed in the Muller decision? A) the Civil Rights Act of 1964 B) the decision in Roe v. Wade C) the advent of Title IX legislation D) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

A) the Civil Rights Act of 1964

74. Which of the following events would exacerbate the xenophobia evident in Fairchild's argument? A) the Red Scare B) the decision to build a transcontinental railroad C) the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand D) the decline of the Ku Klux Klan

A) the Red Scare

18. The above contract most clearly reflects how A) the Southern labor system was disrupted when slavery ended B) political chaos resulted from rights denied to former Confederate soldiers C) there was an increasing drive to unionize Southern farm workers in the years after 1865 D) the Southern infrastructure was destroyed in the Civil War

A) the Southern labor system was disrupted when slavery ended

80. Which region saw the greatest increase in migration to the United States between 1866 and 1915? A) Northern Europe B) Central Europe C) Eastern Europe D) Southern Europe

B) Central Europe

69. Which of the following is most similar to the message of the cartoon? A) Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward B) Henry George, Progress and Poverty C) Ida B. Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil D) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives

B) Henry George, Progress and Poverty

97. The San Francisco Bulletin demonstrated the view that Chinese immigration A) Caused an outbreak of ethnic race riots in San Francisco B) Impacted opportunities for white laborers C) was beneficial in helping California industrialize D) was able to infuse Chinese cultural values to the California farmers

B) Impacted opportunities for white laborers

132. Which of the following best demonstrates the idea expressed in Keppler's cartoon? A) After lacking representation, business of the Gilded Age finally had a voice in government. B) Monopolists gained control over both American industry and its political process. C) The Billion-Dollar Congress earned its moniker through lavish spending. D) Senators gained massive wealth and therefore no longer represented the people.

B) Monopolists gained control over both American industry and its political process.

82. The changes in immigration law during this time period that are explicitly illustrated by the graph are the A) The Gentleman's Agreement B) Quota System C) Chinese Exclusion Act D) Alien and Sedition Acts

B) Quota System

81. What political party would object the most to the immigration changes that took place between 1866 and 1915? A) The Democratic Party B) The Socialist Party C) The Republican Party D) The Know Nothing Party

B) The Socialist Party

87. Which of the following ideas demonstrate the strongest continuity with the idea expressed in the passage? A) Immigration policy towards the Japanese marked the first time that the United States targeted a specific racial group in an effort to limit immigration. B) The federal government began to take more direct action to limit immigration and work in cooperation with other countries. C) Future federal immigration policy would allow for the admittance of non-laborers only. D) Immigration policy in the United States was solely based on economic concerns.

B) The federal government began to take more direct action to limit immigration and work in cooperation with other countries.

116. Ideas like those presented by Rauschenbusch stemmed from A) A disdain for big government being pushed for by people like Roosevelt B) The growing inequality of wealth and opportunity in society C) The impact of orators like Charles Grandison Finney D) Technological developments which made for the mass consumption of goods

B) The growing inequality of wealth and opportunity in society

146. Which of the following best explains the assertion made by Wells-Barnett in the excerpt above? A) African Americans must organize and actively protest against lynchings in the US. B) The incidence of lynchings in the United States has increased due to the lack of action by most Americans. C) White lawmakers are responsible for passing laws against lynching. D) Despite many efforts to curb lynchings in the United States, nothing has been done to adequately prevent these brutal acts from occurring.

B) The incidence of lynchings in the United States has increased due to the lack of action by most Americans.

89. Which of the following best explains how immigration to the US changed from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s? A) Less immigrants entered the country during the early 1900s compared to the mid-1800s B) The make-up of immigrants changed from mostly Northern and Western Europe to those from Central and Southern Europe as well as Asia. C) US immigration policy was based on a quota system during the mid-1800s, however this was repealed by the early 20th century. D) During the mid-1800s, most immigrants came from Asia while there was a sharp decline in Asian immigration during the early 1900s.

B) The make-up of immigrants changed from mostly Northern and Western Europe to those from Central and Southern Europe as well as Asia.

70. Based on the information in the image, which of the following is a criticism of the American capitalist system during the Gilded Age? A) Workers in high-skilled jobs were not paid fairly. B) The wealthy prospered from a lack of regulations on working conditions, such as pay and hours. C) Major industrialists made too much money and did not give enough back to better society. D) The government's lack of regulations on working conditions hurt both industrialists and workers.

B) The wealthy prospered from a lack of regulations on working conditions, such as pay and hours.

98. Chinese immigrants, according to the San Francisco Bulletin A) Provided a valuable labor source to large farmers B) increased class conflict in California C) Encouraged more settled communities than had been typical in California before their arrival. D) Were lazy vandals that contributed to the Wild West

B) increased class conflict in California

4. Which of the following could be considered an effect of the closing frontier referenced in this passage? A) the election of William McKinley in 1896 B) the desire of business to expand overseas in the 1890's and 1900's C) an era of peace between the Native Americans of the West and the U.S. government D) the Great Migration of 1910-1930

B) the desire of business to expand overseas in the 1890's and 1900's

147. Which of the following developments influenced that rise of lynchings in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s? A) the legalization of segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson B) the impact of the Compromise of 1877 C) the repeal of constitutional amendments safeguarding protections for African Americans D) federal adoption of the Black Codes

B) the impact of the Compromise of 1877

99. The Women's Christian Temperance Union targeted the A) upper socialite lifestyles. B) working-class lifestyles. C) farming lifestyle. D) African-American lifestyle.

B) working-class lifestyles.

134. Consolidation in the oil industry represented above occurred due to which of the following? A) Vertical Integration B) Horizontal Integration C) Interlocking Directorates D) Holding Companies

A) Vertical Integration

128. The Muller decision most directly reflected A) a divide between Progressives and equal rights feminists B) Populists and Progressives C) labor unions and management D) northern industrial workers and the government

A) a divide between Progressives and equal rights feminists

14. Which of the following individuals would have agreed with the goals of the Populist Party? A) A western farmer B) An owner of a corporation C) A Northern factory worker D) Landless Native Americans

A) A western farmer

93. The attitude portrayed on the trading card emerged from A) Fear of competition in the job market B) The rise of epidemics in cities highly populated by Chinese C) The rights given to minority groups by the 14th Amendment D) Foreign policy tensions prior to World War II between American and Japan

A) Fear of competition in the job market

115. Which of the following reflects an intended outcome in line with the author's argument A) Jane Addams's Hull House B) Passage of the 14th Amendment C) The enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act D) Theodore Roosevelt's call for anti-trust legislation

A) Jane Addams's Hull House

133. The great wealth amassed in post-Civil War America was a result of which of the following? A) Lengthy, profitable government contracts B) Strict Federal Government regulations C) Strict State Government regulations D) Exploitation of natural resources

A) Lengthy, profitable government contracts

111. Which of the following would be considered the most similar to the arguments put forth by Ida Wells Barnett? A) Marcus Garvey's Back to Africa movement B) W.E.B. Dubois' Niagara Movement C) Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise D) Martin Luther King's policy of non-violent protest

A) Marcus Garvey's Back to Africa movement

86. Which of the following motivated the US government to sign a Gentleman's Agreement with Japan in 1907? A) President Theodore Roosevelt aimed to ease diplomatic tensions with Japan and develop mutual respect for one another's Pacific possessions. B) The United States feared a military conflict with Japan and agreed to Japan's request regarding US immigration policy. C) The passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 prompted a similar immigration act dictated to a specific country of origin, in this case Japan. D) Nativist protest against Japanese immigrants successfully lobbied President Theodore Roosevelt to prevent Japanese immigrants from entering the United States.

A) President Theodore Roosevelt aimed to ease diplomatic tensions with Japan and develop mutual respect for one another's Pacific possessions.

114. The above document is most clearly describing the principles of A) The Social Gospel B) The Gospel of Wealth C) Christian Capitalism D) The Gilded Age

A) The Social Gospel

44. Which of the following developments would be most consistent with the beliefs expressed in the excerpt? (A) A consolidation of wealth by the nation's elite. (B) An expansion in the rights outline in the XIX Amendment. (C) Congressional passage of anti-trust legislation. (D) The systematic spread of organized labor.

(A) A consolidation of wealth by the nation's elite.

52. Carnegie believed that with wealth came an obligation. How did fulfill the responsibility he believed accompanied his incredible wealth? (A) A program of philanthropic gifts (B) Monopolizing the steel industry (C) Creation of United States Steel Corporation (D) Being elected Governor of Pennsylvania

(A) A program of philanthropic gifts

12. All of the following contributed to the decline of the American Indian society except. (A) American Indian society's treatment of women as equals. (B) continued white encroachment on American Indian lands. (C) American Indian tribes failed to form unified alliances to prevent the advance of white settlement. (D) the completion of transcontinental railroads

(A) American Indian society's treatment of women as equals.

54. Which of the following historians wrote about this? (A) Matthew Josephson - The Robber Barons (B) Sinclair Lewis - Main Street (C) Frank Norris - The Octopus (D) Lincoln Steffens - The Shame of the Cities

(A) Matthew Josephson - The Robber Barons

62. One problem faced by many employees such as the one portrayed in the cartoon when trying to improve their conditions was (A) Public perception that labor unions were radical and dangerous (B) The lack of immigration (C) Inability of workers to communicate with each other (D) The lack of voting rights

(A) Public perception that labor unions were radical and dangerous

1. Why did Twain choose the name 'Gilded Age' for this time period? (A) The author believed that the era was one of superficial accomplishments glossing over a base of greed and corruption. (B) Twain considered the time period one of tremendous opportunity and success juxtaposed with avarice and corruption. (C) The author looked at the plight of the working man and argued that the nation had an obligation to help him. (D) The Gilded Age was a period of great wealth, great advancements, and tremendous opportunity for the common worker.

(A) The author believed that the era was one of superficial accomplishments glossing over a base of greed and corruption.

64. The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when (A) The government owned the means of production. (B) Labor controlled the government. (C) Workers accepted the concept of craft unions (D) Labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

(A) The government owned the means of production.

32. Which of the following developments in the twentieth century showed that the country was moving away from the ideas expressed in the excerpt? (A) The implementation of the Great Society programs (B) The development of the Truman Doctrine (C) The domestic policies of Ronald Reagan (D) The decision of the Supreme Court in Brown V BOE

(A) The implementation of the Great Society programs

68. In the movie, The Wizard of Oz, which character best represented the industrial worker? (A) The tin man (B) The Scarecrow (C) The Flying Monkeys (D) The 'Munchkins'

(A) The tin man

24. Prior to 1884, the United States government most typically responded to American Indian resistance by (A) using the military to enforce federal policy toward American Indians (B) discouraging White settlers from moving onto American Indian land (C) providing monetary incentives for American Indian farming (D) upholding the sovereignty of American Indian nations

(A) using the military to enforce federal policy toward American Indians

63. Labor unions favored immigration restriction for all of the following except- (A) Immigrant laborers were more difficult to unionize (B) As a rule, these new immigrants opposed factory labor (C) Faro too often, they were willing to work for lower wages (D) For the most part, the 'New Immigrants' were non-English speaking

(B) As a rule, these new immigrants opposed factory labor

9. Which of the following represents the first real success in overturning laws and customs mandating second-class citizenship for African Americans? (A) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (B) Brown v. Board of Education f Topeka, Kansas (C) Plessy v. Ferguson (D) Obergefell v. Hodges

(B) Brown v. Board of Education f Topeka, Kansas

65. The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies (A) When American workers achieved a greater degree of class-consciousness. (B) By strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers. (C) Through the destruction of the American Federation of Labor. (D) By the development of strong craft unions.

(B) By strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.

67. The excerpt was the result of which of the following Gilded Age debates? (A) Implementation of an eight-hour work day. (B) Labor and management battling for control of wages and working conditions. (C) Child labor legislation stalled in Congress. (D) The Populist Party platform

(B) Labor and management battling for control of wages and working conditions.

43. Which ideas would the author most likely support? (A) Socialism (B) Laissez-Faire (C) Manifest Destiny (D) The Gospel of Wealth

(B) Laissez-Faire

23. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to see the developments described in the report as desirable? (A) Nativists who supported the idea of an Anglo America (B) Reformers who advocated for assimilation (C) Mine operators who sought to excavate land in the Dakotas (D) The leadership of American Indian nations

(B) Reformers who advocated for assimilation

51. When Carnegie argues that "this change" is not to be deplored, but welcomed, to what change is he referring to? (A) The migration of many Americans to cities (B) The growing wealth gap between those at the top of the economy and those at the bottom. (C) The change in federal legislation that aided economic growth. (D) The shift from "Old Immigrants" to "New Immigrants"

(B) The growing wealth gap between those at the top of the economy and those at the bottom.

50. When Carnegie speaks of 'the condition of human life' having been revolutionized, he attributes this to which of the following causative factors? (A) Implementation of laissez-faire economic policies. (B) The impact of the industrial entrepreneurs. (C) The legacy of the American 'cottage laborer.' (D) The implementation of Maecenian policies.

(B) The impact of the industrial entrepreneurs.

76. Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph? (A) Global fluctuations in credit and stock markets (B) The transformation of the United States into an industrial society (C) Progressive Era reforms of social conditions in the United States (D) The outbreak of global war

(B) The transformation of the United States into an industrial society

56. Which of the following was true of labor unions between 1877 and 1900? (A) They achieved remarkable success in securing a minimum wage and maximum hours. (B) Their actions encountered significant negative reaction from mainstream newspapers. (C) They achieved their goals because of the shortage of unskilled labor, which kept wages high. (D) They increasingly shunned any violent confrontation with big business.

(B) Their actions encountered significant negative reaction from mainstream newspapers.

7. This amendment to the Constitution was passed by Congress and ratified in 1865 for which of the following reasons? (A) The states of the defeated Confederacy were determined to keep the institution of slavery even after the war ended. (B) This addition to the Constitution was necessary to banish slavery from states not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation. (C) Slavery was a common and widespread practice in most of the overseas territories controlled by the United States at this time. (D) Republicans in Congress were still reluctant to ban slavery in places where it had traditionally existed.

(B) This addition to the Constitution was necessary to banish slavery from states not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation.

57. Under which of the following presidents did the federal government show its strongest support for organized labor? (A) Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837 (B) William McKinley, 1897-1901 (C) Franklin Roosevelt, 1933-1945 (D) Ronald Reagan, 1981-1898

(B) William McKinley, 1897-1901

25. Which court case would most commonly be cited as being relevant to this issue by AmerIndian historians? (A) U.S. v E.C. Knight (B) Worcester v. Georgia (C) Munn v. Illinois (D) Dartmouth College Case

(B) Worcester v. Georgia

37. The rise of big business was fostered by all of the following during the Gilded Age EXCEPT (A) improved transportation systems that opened new markets (B) a strict policy of laissez-faire by government agencies. (C) plentiful natural resources in the continental United States. (D) a growing immigrant labor force.

(B) a strict policy of laissez-faire by government agencies.

45. The "temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that Carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the (A) growth of cities in both size and number (B) consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies (C) efforts by workers to organize local and national unions (D) government policy of reducing tariffs to promote free trade

(B) consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

10. The speech by Chief Joseph reflects the success of which of the following government policies regarding American Indians following the Civil War? (A) Movement of American Indians to one large reservation on the Great American Desert. (B) Assimilation of American Indians into American culture. (C) Movement of American Indian tribes to small, scattered reservations. (D) The granting of 160 acres of land to every tribal member.

(C) Movement of American Indian tribes to small, scattered reservations.

8. Southern states attempted to restore some of the restrictions on newly freed African Americans by which of the following tactics? (A) Some states were able to reestablish slavery through elaborate contracts that the federal Justice Department was unable to have declared illegal. (B) Former slaves were prevented by law from working on any property that was owned by their former masters. (C) Southern states devised a system of local laws that restricted social, political, and economic freedoms for African Americans for the new century. (D) Southern legislature tried to restrict the rights of African Americans, but their efforts were overturned by the Supreme Court in the 1890s.

(C) Southern states devised a system of local laws that restricted social, political, and economic freedoms for African Americans for the new century.

59. According to the author, what has most contributed to the need for wage earners to organize? (A) The school of laissez-faire economic thought. (B) The rise of a group of 'captains of industry.' (C) The concentration of corporate wealth and power. (D) The belief in individualism and self-reliance.

(C) The concentration of corporate wealth and power.

38. The general business climate of the Gilded Age (A) welcomed competition as a motivator to improve the quality of products. (B) rejected overseas markets as unfeasible due to high transportation costs. (C) endorsed the corporate model of the trust.

(C) endorsed the corporate model of the trust.

29. Which economic theory is most closely aligned to the excerpt? (A) mercantilism (B) communism (C) laissez-faire capitalism (D) socialism

(C) laissez-faire capitalism

31. Business leaders used the ideas above to justify (A) unionization (B) increased wages for workers (C) the creation of trusts (D) the need to look for markets outside of the US

(C) the creation of trusts

3. What event would cast doubt on the long-term validity of Twain's assessment? (A) Jane Addams and Hull House (B) Margaret Sanger and the birth control movement (C).The Rockefeller Philanthropic Foundation. (D) Implementation of FDR's New Deal

(C).The Rockefeller Philanthropic Foundation.

42. Sumer's ideas most clearly reflect the influence of which of the following? (A) John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (B) Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (C) Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence (D) Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species

(D) Charles Darwin, The Origin of the Species

30. The theory of Social Darwinism would have been most criticized by which of the following individuals? (A) Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate (B) John Muir, supporter of wilderness preservation (C) Susan B. Anthony, women' s rights advocate (D) Eugene Debs, labor union leader

(D) Eugene Debs, labor union leader

2. Which of the following authors would disagree with Twain's assessment of the era? (A) Ida Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil (B) Frank Norris, The Octopus (C) Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities (D) Horatio Alger, The Ragged Dick Series

(D) Horatio Alger, The Ragged Dick Series

46. Which of the following policies would Carnegie most likely have supported? (A) The use of federal power to redistribute wealth (B) Government creation of jobs for unemployed people (C) Increased regulation of corporations (D)Laissez-faire economics

(D) Laissez-faire economics

36. Andrew Carnegie reflects which of the following business models of the Gilded Age in this excerpt? (A) Conspicuous consumption; Thorstein Veblen. (B) Social Darwinism; Herbert Spencer (C) Laissez-faire economics; Adam Smith (D) Vertical integration; John D. Rockefeller

(D) Vertical integration; John D. Rockefeller

66. By 1900, the Knights of Labor were showing a(n) (A) turn in a clearly Marxist direction. (B) Increased membership from the industrial labor force. (C) acceptance by the majority of employers as a permanent part of the new industrial economy. (D) had lost membership due to poor leadership and the use of violence.

(D) had lost membership due to poor leadership and the use of violence.

39. Which best accounts for the unemployment figures of the first third of the 1890s? A) Expansion of the railroads in the 1880s led to a period of remarkable economic expansion in the United States. B) A surplus of gold and silver in the treasury led to easy money policy on the part of the US government. C) Fluctuating tariff policies of the Harrison and Garfield Administrations led to economic instability. D) Unscrupulous business practices of the robber barons led to labor unrest.

A) Expansion of the railroads in the 1880s led to a period of remarkable economic expansion in the United States.

22. Which of the following was an effect of the agrarian economy of the South after the Civil War? A) Immigrants tended to settle in the Northeast B) Native Americans lost their lands C) The South was the most prosperous region of the nation D) Unionization proceeded at a rapid rate in the South

A) Immigrants tended to settle in the Northeast

33. The quotation above most clearly illustrates the ideas espoused by A) Social Darwinism B) The Enlightenment C) The Second Great Awakening D) The free labor theory

A) Social Darwinism

40. The Panic of 1893, as depicted in the chart, was a serious economic depression in the United States that was most similar to: A) The Panic of 1873 in that both were marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures. B) The Panic of 1907 in that both were exacerbated by the US government's refusal to maintain a bimetallist standard, utilizing both gold and silver. C) The Panic of 1929 in that the stock market bubble burst and interconnectivity of international banking led to a world wide economic collapse. D) The Panic of 2008 in that the rapid spike in unemployment led to the direct collapse of the housing market and subsequently the national economy.

A) The Panic of 1873 in that both were marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failures.

75. Fairchild's argument best reflects the socioeconomic sentiment that led most directly to A) the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924 B) the creation of the Ku Klux Klan C) Theodore Roosevelt's "Gentlemen's Agreement" D) Woodrow Wilson's racial segregation of the U.S. civil service

A) the passage of the Immigration Act of 1924

6. This passage was written in response to A) the results of the U.S. Census of 1890 B) Hinton Helper's Impending Crisis of the South C) the decision of the Supreme Court in Wabash v. Illinois D) General George Armstrong Custer's military reports

A) the results of the U.S. Census of 1890

26. Grady believed that the 'New South' addressed the major issue behind the defeat of the Confederacy in that it A) would be built on a new economic paradigm. B) would address the agrarian balance of trade through sharecropping. C) fill the needs of a growing European textile industry D) fill the needs of a growing American textile industry.

A) would be built on a new economic paradigm.

17. Which of the following Supreme Court cases was considered to be a victory for the Populist Movement? A) Wabash v Illinois, which limited the ability of states to control interstate commerce B) Munn v Illinois, which allowed states the ability to regulate grain elevators C) US v EC Knight, which limited the power of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act D) Worcester v Georgia, which allowed Indian nations to be "states within states"

B) Munn v Illinois, which allowed states the ability to regulate grain elevators

73. Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Fairchild's views expressed in this excerpt? A) Southern sharecroppers B) Northern steel mill workers C) West coast migrant workers D) Eastern bankers

B) Northern steel mill workers

15. Which of the following was a major contrast between those who supported the Populist Party and owners of large corporations? A) Populists believed that labor unions should control the economy, and corporate owners disagreed. B) Populists believed that the government should take a strong role in regulating the American economy, and corporate owners disagreed. C) Populists believed that land grants to railroad companies was a good idea, and corporate owners disagreed. D) Populists generally supported child labor, unlike corporate owners. 16. Western farmer generally looked at the following organizations as enemies:

B) Populists believed that the government should take a strong role in regulating the American economy, and corporate owners disagreed.

49. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor corporations. Perhaps the best example of this was the decision A) Dred Scott v. San(d)ford B) U.S. v E.C. Knight C) Munn v. Illinois D) In re: Debs

B) U.S. v E.C. Knight

72. Which of the following would be considered the forerunner of the ideas expressed in the second passage? A) the decision in the Insular Cases B) the platform of the Free-Soil party C) the message found in Lincoln's Second Inaugural address D) the Naturalization Act of 1790

B) the platform of the Free-Soil party

Questions 4 - 6 refer to the excerpt below.

But the most important effect of the frontier has been in the promotion of democracy here and in Europe...Prof. Osgood, in an able article, has pointed out that the frontier conditions prevalent in the colonies are important factors in the explanation of the American Revolution, where individual liberty was sometimes confused with absence of all effective government. The same conditions aid in explaining the difficulty of instituting a strong government in the period of the confederacy. The frontier individualism has from the beginning promoted democracy. From the conditions of frontier life came intellectual traits of profound importance. The works of travelers along each frontier from colonial days onward describe certain common traits, and these traits have, while softening down, still persisted as survivals in the place of their origin, even when a higher social organization succeeded. The result is that to the frontier the American intellect owes its striking characteristics...Since the days when the fleet of Columbus sailed into the waters of the New World, America has been another name for the opportunity, and the people of the United States have taken their tone from the incessant expansion which has not only been open but has even been forced upon them. He would be a rash prophet who should assert that the expansive character of American life has now entirely ceased. Movement has been its dominant fact, and, unless this training has no effect on a people, the American energy will continually demand a wider field for its exercise....What the Mediterranean Sea was to the Greeks, breaking the bond of custom, offering new experiences, calling out new institutions and activities that, and more, the ever-retreating frontier has been to the United States directly, and to the nations of Europe more remotely. And now, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the Constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history. Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, 1893

27. Grady's plan eventually succeeded in the fact that A) Johnson was impeached by Congress. B) Grant was elected President in 1868. C) Hayes was elected in 1877 D) Cleveland was elected a second time.

C) Hayes was elected in 1877

16. Western farmer generally looked at the following organizations as enemies: A) Labor unions B) Temperance organizations C) Railroad trusts D) Progressive reformers

C) Railroad trusts

47. Which statement best exemplifies the impact of technology on economics in the late 1800's? A) The tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory led to improved worker safety laws. B) Federal courts ruled that the Sherman Antitrust Act limited workers' right to strike. C) Wages for workers declined as more factories used new machines to produce goods. D) Union membership soared after the strike against the Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1885.

C) Wages for workers declined as more factories used new machines to produce goods.

21. The sharecropping system was most similar to A) the free labor theory B) unionization of factories during the mid-twentieth century C) indentured servitude in the colonial era D) the way Native Americans worked land prior to the arrival of Europeans

C) indentured servitude in the colonial era

35. Which economic theory is most closely aligned to the excerpt? A) mercantilism B) communism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) socialism

C) laissez-faire capitalism

34. Business leaders used the ideas above to justify A) unionization B) increased wages for workers C) the creation of trusts D) the need to look for markets outside of the US

C) the creation of trusts

5. Within the context of the passage, which of the following ideas/beliefs would be closely linked with the "first period of American history" mentioned at the end of the passage? A) Nullification B) Civil Service Reform C) Imperialism D) Manifest Destiny

D) Manifest Destiny

13. Which of the following was a cause of the trend indicated in the graph above? A) Increased demand for farm products in Europe B) The ability of perishable farm products to be shipped east in refrigerated railroad cars C) The appropriation of Indian land by white settlers D) The increased mechanization of agriculture

D) The increased mechanization of agriculture

20. Which of the following individuals would have most strongly supported the labor arrangement in the excerpt? A) freedmen B) trade unionists C) government agencies D) former plantation owners

D) former plantation owners

28. Looking at Grady's plan for a 'New South' in context, A) was an economic success. B) was responsible for the Jim Crow Laws. C) was responsible for the 13th Amendment. D) was not a success as shown by economic output over time.

D) was not a success as shown by economic output over time.