APUSH Midterm

d the frontier

Frederick Jackson Turner's theory emphasized the significance of the frontier for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: (A) An open frontier led t0 the development of the unique American character. (B) Free land promoted freedom of opportunity on the frontier. (C) The frontier helped establish democratic institutions. (D) The frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves. (E )The frontier was a safety valve for the excess population of eastern cities.

a a rebellion

From 1984 to 1986, Reagan administration officials secretly sold arms to Iran to illegally finance (A) a rebellion against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua (B) a coup against the Castro regime in Cuba (C) the invasion of Grenada (D) Great Britain's pursuit of the Falkland Islands War (E) a leftist revolt in El Salvador

e assimilate them

From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to a.) strengthen tribal authority b.) relocate all tribes to Oklahoma c.) encourage migration to Canada d.) preserve native languages and customs e.) assimilate them into White culture

e contributed to

Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, and James Weldon Johnson were all Similar in that they (A) followed a style of painting called Cubism (B) organized labor unions during the Gilded Age (C) were persecuted by Senator Joseph McCarthy (D) protested United States involvement in the Vietnam War (E) contributed to the Harlem Renaissance

c requesting that

Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by a.) providing federal funds for the construction of low cost housing b.) expanding free trade with neighboring countries c.) requesting that business leaders maintain levels of wages and production d.) enforcing antitrust statutes e.) imposing price controls on farm goods

d the growing

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT (A) the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions (B) the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South (C) differences over the morality and future of slavery (D) the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery (E) a constitutional Crisis pitting states' rights against federal power

c an editor

In 1735 the New York City trial of editor John Peter Zenger helped establish the principle that a.) the government had the right to punish its critics in times of war b.) legislators had no right to interfere with freedom of the press c.) an editor could not be punished for seditious libel if the editor's words were accurate d.) a defendant was entitled to a trial by jury e.) the government had no right to censor newspapers

c hard work

In Horatio Alger's books, the hero is successful primarily as a result of his (A) religious piety (B) formal education (C) hard work and luck (D) influential relatives (E) inherited wealth

c about the

In her influential 1962 Work Silent Spring, Rachel Carson warned (A) that discrimination against deaf Americans violated civil rights laws (B) that many cars built in the United States were unsafe (C) about the dangerous impact of pesticides (D) that poverty in the United States threatened the overall economy (E) about noise pollution

a african americans must

In the early 1960s, Malcom X challenged the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the Civil Rights movement by arguing that a.) African Americans must defend themselves against racism by using violence if necessary b.) nonviolent protest could succeed only when African Americans and White activists cooperated c.) African Americans should develop economic and cultural ties with African nations d.) African Americans could move toward political equality by first developing stronger vocational skills e.) court litigation was a more effective strategy to gain civil rights than were sit-ins or mass protest rallies

a African Americans

In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting (A) African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment (B) the power of the Democratic Party in the region (C) state laws allowing married women to own property (D) corruption in the federal government (E) antitrust laws regarding textile manufacturing

c expansion of

In the period 1650-1750, all of the following contributed to British North American colonists' sense of identity as British subjects EXCEPT the (A) growth of commerce across the Atlantic Ocean (B) increased circulation of London newspaper articles reprinted in the colonies (C) expansion ofthe colonies into western frontier regions (D) availability of British manufactured goods in the colonies (E) warfare against the French and their American Indian allies

b the separation

One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was a.) its members' tendency to be tolerant of religious diversity b.) the separation of economic production from the home and family life c.) the fact that almost all middle-class men attended graduate and professional schools d.) its members' support for ending legal immigration from eastern Europe e.) the fact that most married women worked outside the home to provide income for their families

d promote the

One stated objective of Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after the First World War was to a.) ensure the military dominance of the United States over the European powers b.) ensure that the Central Powers paid the Allied nations for war damages c.) destroy the Central Powers' military strength d.) promote the right of national self-determination e.) provide monetary assistance to rebuild Europe

a expanded white

Politics in the antebellurn United States changed dramatically because (A) expanded White male suffrage broadened participation in elections (B) female suffrage became a topic of debate in the House of Representatives (C) Widespread electoral reform resulted in direct election of senators (D) the power of the federal government expanded to ensure the equal protection of all citizens (E) the government sought t0 assimilate American Indians in the West

b tax cuts

President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured a.) a sustained downward revision of the tariff b.) tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations c.) innovative programs to help beleaguered farmers d.) a bimetallic monetary standard e.) effective regulation of the stock market and Wall Street

d republican motherhood

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in a.) Progressive Era urban reform b.) mid nineteenth century nativism c.) the early twentieth century suffrage movement d.) republican motherhood e.) the reaction against feminism after the Second World War

e journalists who

The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to (A) laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry (B) baseball players who lost important games on purpose to collect large bribes (C) writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business (D) captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets (E) journalists who wrote articles exposing political Corruption and urban poverty

c separation of

The unanimous Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board 0f Education 0f Topeka Stated that segregated schools were unconstitutional because (A) parallel school systems for White and Black children resulted in wasteful duplication of government services (B) the Soviet Sputnik satellite made it clear that the segregated public school system had contributed to the decline of scientific skills in the United States (C) separation of students based solely 0n race constituted inherently unequal treatment (D) racial injustice made it difficult for the United States to appeal to peoples of recently decolonized countries in Africa and Asia during the Cold War (E) the Court could no longer tolerate southern senators' filibustering of civil rights legislation

a an arrangement

The years 1930-1980 have beeń described by one historian as a period that saw the "rise and fall of the New Deal Order." What is meant here by the phrase "New Deal Order"? (A) An arrangement in which the United States government took an active role in regulating the economy and in mediating disputes between labor and management (B) A plan t0 allow increased free trade between the United States and Europe (C) An agenda pushed by congressional Republicans intent on encouraging family values and moral behavior (D) A program intended by congressional Democrats to promote the growth of small businesses at the expense of major corporations (E) A scheme designed to pave the way for a single, worldwide governing body

e promote urban

Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Alexander Hamilton's economic plan primarily because he feared that it would a.) make the new nation dependent on foreign markets for its exports b.) prevent the expansion of slavery to new states c.) lead to a military alliance with Great Britain against revolutionary France d.) lead to heavy taxes on whiskey producers in Pennsylvania e.) promote urban mercantile interests at the expense of agricultural interests

a african americans should

W.E.B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed a.) African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality b.) economic success would lead to political equality c.) job training was ultimately more important than formal education d.) civil rights would come through local efforts rather than national organization e.) segregation was a southern problem more than a national one

c it established

What did the Northwest Ordinance accomplish? a.) It prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains b.) It resolved the boundary dispute between Virginia and Pennsylvania c.) It established procedures by which territories could become states d.) It guaranteed that the United States would not violate the Iroquois Confederacy's territory e.) It determined how the states would distribute land and property captured from Canada during the War of 1812

c passing the

When the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik in 1957, Congress responded by a.) ending diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union b.) opening talks with China c.) passing the National Defense Education Act d.) passing Title IX of the Federal Education Amendments e.) proposing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

d they performed

Which of the following best characterizes rural women in the New England colonies? a.) many left their farms in order to work in textile mills b.) they used their influence over the domestic sphere as a basis for promoting social reform c.) they had legal rights equal to those of men d.) they performed a large amount of farm labor and produced goods for their families e.) a large number of them were teachers in one room schoolhouses

c it was

Which of the following correctly describes the Committee on Public Information? (A) It was the first organization t0 oppose legalizing abortion. (B) It was a business lobby against Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. (C) It was established to mobilize domestic support for the War effort during the First World War. (D) It was the effort led by Samuel Adams to rally colonists against British taxes. (E) It was an antislavery group that formed after the Compromise of 1850.

e congress voted

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s? a.) Uncle Tom's Cabin drew enthusiastic audiences of Northern readers and theatergoers b.) Groups like the New England Emigrant Aid Company worked to make Kansas a free state c.) Some prominent Northern intellectuals like Henry David Thoreau praised John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry d.) The Republican Party attracted an increasing number of supporters e.) Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade

a they began

Which of the following is a major change in the status of Women that occurred in the 1920s? (A) They began to vote in national elections. (B) They achieved income equality with men. (C) They gained the right to initiate divorce proceedings. (D) They began to serve in the armed forces. (E) They were elected t0 federal Office in large numbers.

c it relied

Which of the following is most characteristic of President Eisenhower's Cold War strategy? a.) it caused him to restrict covert operations of the Central Intelligence Agency b.) It relied on a massive buildup of conventional troops c.) It relied on the principle of massive retaliation d.) It utilized counterinsurgency tactics to control communist-influenced rebellions in the developing world e.) It drastically restricted any further development of the United States nuclear arsenal

a they illustrated

Which of the following is true of the Virginia and the New Jersey plans that were presented at the Constitutional Convention? (A) They illustrated the struggle between states for representation and power in the creation 0f the new government. (B) They were attempts to settle the status 0f slaves in the southern states. (C) They advocated different Ways in which federal taxes would be Collected by the new government. (D) They illustrated the conflicts between states with primarily agricultural and Commercial economies. (E) They were alternative plans to admit new territories to the Union.

d migration of

Which of the following migration patters had the greatest impact on United States society in the 1950s? a.) Immigration of eastern and southern Europeans to the United States b.) migration of Mexican Americans to midwestern cities c.) Immigration of East Asians to the West Coast d.) migration of Americans from urban centers to the suburbs e.) migration of American Indians from the Dakotas to California

c the growth

Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s? a.) The reluctance of white slaveholders to move west and settle in the Ohio River valley b.) The growing popularity of antislavery sentiment among White Americans c.) The growth of a native born African American population d.) The prevalence of slave rebellions on large plantations e.) The passage of gradual emancipation laws in the upper South

a using the

Which of the following was Harry Truman's stated reason for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb against Japan? (A) Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion 0f Japan. (B) Dropping the atomic bomb would demonstrate United States military capability to the Soviets. (C) An earlier United States land assault against Japan had been unsuccessful. (D) The development of the atomic bomb had been expensive. (E) The United States should retaliate in response to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

b the election

Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? (A) The Dred Scott decision (B) The election of 1860 (C) The Wilmot Proviso (D) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (E) The attack on Charles Sumner

c landowners widely

Which of the following was true of the South in the post-Civil War period? (A) A large immigrant population moved to the region. (B) Big business and railroads came to dominate the Southern economy just as they did in the North. (C) Landowners widely adopted sharecropping and tenant farming. (D) The cotton market experienced a twenty-year boom. (E) A strong labor movement emerged in the textile industry.

e a new

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? a.) a Missouri slaveholder b.) Stephan Douglas c.) A midwestern investor in a Pacific-to-Chicago railroad line d.) a Southern supporter of popular sovereignty e.) a New England abolitionist

e church membership

Which ofthe following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century? (A) The colonial government officially supported religious toleration. (B) Colonial officials strictly separated church and state. (C) Colonial officials encouraged churches to incorporate Catholic elements of worship. (D) Ministers held most elected ofñces. (E) Church membership was required for Voting and holding public office.

a advocating immediate

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for a.) advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation b.) advocating colonization by former slaves in West Africa c.) advocating the use of tariff revenues to purchase slaves from slaveholders d.) opposing women's participation in public abolitionist meetings e.) supporting the Kansas-Nebraska Act's provisions regarding slavery

c A. Mitchell Palmer

"The Department of Justice will pursue the attack of these 'Reds' upon the Government of the United States with vigilance, and no alien, advocating the overthrow of existing law and order in this country, shall escape arrest and prompt deportation." The declaration above was made by a.) Louis D. Brandeis b.) William Howard Taft c.) A. Mitchell Palmer d.) Theodore Roosevelt e.) Robert M. La Follette

b transcendentalism

"Build, therefore, your own World. AS fast as you conform your lifo to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx ofthe spirit." The 1836 passage above exemplifies which of the following intellectual trends? (A) Evangelicalism (B) Transcendentalism (C) Abolitionism (D) Mormon theology (E) Pragmatist philosophy

b the roosevelt

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power." The foreign policy statement above came to be known as a.) dollar diplomacy b.) the Roosevelt Corollary c.) the Truman Doctrine d.) the Good Neighbor policy e.) the Alliance for Progress

d midwestern farmers

"If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." William Jennings Bryan, 1896 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? a.) urban workers b.) railroad executives c.) New York City financiers d.) Midwestern farmers e.) White-collar and professional workers

d slaves lived

"We do not know Whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that (A) slavery was immoral (B) capitalism was the economic system most likely t0 generate wealth and happiness for the most people (C) the South needed to change to survive (D) slaves lived better than northern factory workers (E) industrialists took care of their workers' Welfare

c Great Awakening

"[God's] wrath towards you burns like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire . . . you are ten thousand times more abominable in His eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours. You have offended Him infinitely more than ever a stubborn rebel did his prince. And yet, it is nothing but His hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quote above is an example of the rhetoric from the (A) Puritan migration of the 1630s (B) Salem witch trials ofthe 1690s (C) Great Awakening ofthe 1730s (D) American Revolution of the 1770s (E) Mormon migration of the 1840s

d a mixed

After the Civil War, some business people and newspaper editors--such as the Atlanta Constitution's Henry Grady--promoted the idea of a New South. Which of the following best describes their vision for the southern states? a.) an agricultural region consisting of small farms focused on growing food crops b.) an industrial region whose economic mainstays would be the mining and smelting of minerals and metals c.) an agricultural region of large plantations growing cotton, tobacco, and rice, worked by sharecroppers d.) a mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops e.) a postindustrial region whose economy revolved around health care, insurance, and financial services

b Russians

All ofthe following groups of non- English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT (A) Germans (B) Russians (C) Scots (D) Irish (E) Dutch

b the capacity

Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in a.) the creation of a classless society b.) the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems c.) an ideal society based on shared ownership through voluntary organizations rather than increasing government power d.) the expanding role of the United States as an imperial power e.) the creation of an organization to promote international peace

d labor unions

Although the Sherman Antitrust Act was originally intended to inhibit the growth of business monopolies, courts initially used its provisions successfully against a.) urban political machines b.) banks c.) public schools d.) labor unions e.) immigrants

c finance philanthropic

Andrew Camegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to (A) acquire additional landholdings in the West (B) create new businesses (C) finance philanthropic endeavors (D) pay Workers better Wages and benefits (E) live in luxury

a concentrated

Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Bank of the United States partly because he believed that the bank (A) concentrated too much power in the hands of a few people (B) gave too many loans to assist unstable state and local banks (C) was secretly funding the abolitionist movement (D) was overly subsidized by state tax monies (E) planned to create new paper money unsupported by gold or Silver

e many middle-class

Betty Friedan's best-selling book ofthe 1960s Observed that (A) racism blocked the Civil Rights movement (B) environmental problems plagued the country (C) immigrants had access to few social services (D) conflicts increased between supporters of Black separatism and supporters of integration (E) many middle-class housewives and mothers felt frustration and a lack of fulfillment

d working slowly

During the 18005 the most Common form of resistance t0 slavery by slaves themselves was (A) rebelling openly, using weapons, and planning confrontations (B) organizing petitions and demonstrations against slavery (C) escaping to Canada vía the Underground Railroad (D) Working slowly and breaking tools (E) cooperating with the abolitionist movement to advocate laws t0 end slavery

c urban african

During the 1970s and 1980s, the New Right appealed strongly to all of the following groups EXCEPT those who were a.) concentrated in suburbs in the South and Southwest b.) evangelical Protestants c.) urban African Americans d.) afraid that the Soviet Union represented a growing menace e.) opposed to government intervention in the economy

c collecting money

During the American Revolution, many women contributed to the cause of independence by (A) serving in the Continental Army as soldiers (B) forming Committees of Correspondence (C) collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army (D) petitioning the Continental Congress t0 give women the vote (E) protecting Loyalists from mob violence

b educated middle

During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform? a.) African Americans leaders b.) educated middle class women c.) Scandinavian immigrants d.) Labor leaders e.) Democratic poliicians

d they were

Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification of the Constitution only after a.) slavery was allowed to continue without federal interference b.) several slave revolts rocked the Carolinas and Virginia c.) they were assured that the Supreme Court would have the power of judicial review d.) they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification e.) the other states threatened to organize the government without them

b united states

Many anti-imperialists opposed the annexation of the Philippines in 1898 because they believed that (A) the Philippines should be returned to Spain (B) United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination (C) Philippine agriculture would be Competing with United States agriculture (D) the Philippine government was planning an alliance with Mexico (E) the United States would be drawn into a war with Japan over Pacific territories

e restrictions on

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported a.) universal manhood suffrage b.) restoration of a national bank c.) immediate abolition of slavery d.) homesteads in the western territories e.) restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

a asia

Most archaeologists and historians believe that the first peoples who colonized the Americas came from (A) Asia (B) Africa (C) western Europe (D) Australia (E) the Mediterranean

c had become

Richard Nixon's diplomatic overtures to the People's Republic of China were motivated in part by his belief that China (A) was ready to embrace a capitalist economy and democratic government (B) was a more legitimate representative ofthe Chinese people than was Taiwan (C) had become an important global power that could not be ignored (D) might form an alliance with South Korea and Japan against the United States (E) was likely to shun cultural and educational exchanges with Western European nations

b strengthened the

Shays' Rebellion is significant because it a.) inspired southern states to tighten slave codes to prevent future uprisings b.) strengthened the movement for a new constitution c.) led to the expulsion of Lord Baltimore's officials from Maryland d.) led to the establishment of the Anglican church as the official church in the colonies e.) led to the establishment of a new government in New York

c membership in

Someone who favored George Washington's approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object to which ofthe following United States policies? (A) Declaration of neutrality at the beginning of the First World War (B) Selling surplus wheat to the Soviet Union in the 1970s (C) Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (D) Participation in international scientific conferences (E) Trade with the European Common Market nations

c keeping the

The "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" (Southern Manifesto) of 1956 and George Wallace's campaigns for the presidency in 1968 and 1972 all endorsed a.) tax cuts for middle-income Americans b.) civil rights for Black people c.) keeping the federal government out of state matters d.) a constitutional amendment requiring an annual balanced federal budget e.) allowing display of the Confederate battle flag on state capitol grounds

e attain ratification

The Federalist papers were written in order to a.) mobilize popular support for keeping the Articles of Confederation b.) persuade voters to support Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800 c.) frustrate Spanish efforts to sway the political loyalty of the Southwest d.) persuade the Continental Congress to declare independence e.) attain ratification of the Constitution

a previous support

The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his (A) previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution (B) veto of funding for Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's expedition (C) admiration of France's military power (D) devotion to new methods 0f Cartography (E) disdain for involvement in a foreign country's affairs

b tax cuts

The Reagan Revolution of the early 19805 entailed (A) tax cuts for low-income Americans and expansion of social Welfare programs (B) tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans and increases in defense spending (C) a free-trade policy with European nations (D) national health insurance (E) a balanced federal budget

d banning discussion

The United States House of Representatives responded to abolitionist agitation in the 1830s by a.) approving appropriations to help finance colonization efforts b.) prohibiting the slave trade in the District of Columbia c.) limiting the publication of abolitionist writings to certain publishers d.) banning discussion of antislavery petitions e.) considering the passage of free speech laws to protect outspoken abolitionists

c possession of

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848? a.) an undisputed claim to Oregon b.) control of the sugar trade with Cuba c.) possession of California and most of the Southwest d.) possession of the Philippines e.) the right to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama

b prevent France

The United States went to War in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to (A) end British claims for repayment of Loyalist debt (B) prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory (C) stop the British from searching and seizing American ships (D) appease members of Congress who advocated War (E) deal with conflicts between settlers and American Indians in the Northwest Territory

a mexican workers

The bracero program encouraged (A) Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s (B) federal courts to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans in the 1960s (C) the United States media to broadcast Latino music and movies in the 1980s (D) Congress to enact more restrictive immigration laws in the 1990s (E) Latino immigrants to pursue United States citizenship

a relied on

The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that (A) relied on the use of power-driven machinery (B) utilized Wireless communications to improve efficiency (C) gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative (D) relied on guilds to train artisans (E) promoted more Cooperation between labor unions and factory owners

e increased labor

The decade of the 19705 was marked by all of the following economic conditions in the United States EXCEPT (A) rising oil prices for businesses and Consumers (B) greater participation by women in the paid workforce (C) increased competition from Western Europe and Japan (D) simultaneous inflation and recession, known as stagflation (E) increased labor union membership among autoworkers

b William Penns

The early success of the Pennsylvania colony was due in large part to which of the following? (A) Wars that forced American Indians out ofthe area (B) William Penn's careful planning and his policy of selling land to settlers (C) The ease of producing Cotton and rice in the climate of Pennsylvania (D) William Penn's policy of allowing only selected Quakers t0 settle there (E) Restrictions on religious liberty that reduced controversy and conflict

b use of

The introduction 0f tobacco during the early 16005 in the Virginia colony led to the (A) devastating period of disease Called the starving time (B) use of indentured servants, and later enslaved Africans, for agricultural labor (C) concentration of settlers and farms into small Village communities (D) emergence of peaceful and cooperative relationships with neighboring American Indian peoples (E) development of a diversified economy