Apush Midterm
Railroads caused an important innovation in steamboat transportation.
false
Some South Carolinians did not only move for nullification but were ready to consider a drastic remedy - recession.
false
The "Lowell System" was patterned after the European labor system especially the English system of employing women.
false
The Jacksonian Era saw the emergence of the Second American Party System, with Democrats and National Republicans being the two major parties.
false
The second Middle Passage saw slaves moved from the upper South to the cotton states solely to accompany their masters and to work in their plantations.
false
Throughout the 1840s, many Americans defended the idea of westward expansion by citing the superiority of the "American race" - white people who originated from all over Europe.
false
Westward expansion means more encroachment into the Native American lands which led to the creation of the "five civilized tribes."
false
The Chinese who came to California during the gold rush
had aspirations similar to those of American participants.
William Henry Harrison
had been a soldier and Indian fighter, and was a descendant of the Virginia aristocracy.
Like New York, the New Jersey colony
had great ethnic and religious diversity.
The Virginia Company
had its charter revoked by James I.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, medical practitioners
had little or no knowledge of sterilization.
The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s
had particular appeal with women and young men.
At the time of the beginning of the slave trade, most Africans
had well-developed economies and political systems.
Christopher Columbus called the native people he encountered on his voyages "Indians" because
he believed they came from the East Indies in the Pacific.
As a result of his third voyage in 1498, Christopher Columbus concluded that
he had encountered a continent separate from Asia.
The verdict of the 1735 libel trial of New York publisher John Peter Zenger
increased freedom of the press in the colonies.
During the eighteenth century, rising consumerism in the American colonies was encouraged by
increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with status in the upper class.
In the seventeenth century, the great majority of English immigrants who came to the Chesapeake region were
indentured servants.
In English North American colonies, the application of slave codes was based on color and
nothing more.
By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery inpart because
of a declining birthrate in England.
Regarding religion, American slaves
often incorporated African features into their Christianity.
Which of the following was NOT an agricultural technique used for improving the soil?
planting tobacco
In the 1820s and 1830s, railroads
played a relatively small role in the nation's transportation system.
Over time, tensions in Puritan New England communities developed primarily as a result of
population growth and the commercialization of society.
Unlike Puritans, the Quakers
rejected the doctrine of original sin.
"Jeremiads" were
sermons
Prior to 1860, the center of economic power in the South
shifted from the upper South to the lower South
In the late fifteenth century, the desire in Europe to look for new lands was spurred in part by
significant population growth.
18. The Comstock Lode primarily produced
silver
Ways in which slaves expressed elements of their African heritage included
singing songs and playing musical instruments, such as the banjo.
1. The first state to secede from the Union, in 1860, was
south carolina
Before the 1830s, American corporations could be chartered only by
state legislatures.
Which of the following technologies was used, but did not play a major part in, the Civil War?
submarines
In the English colonies, Roman Catholics
suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland.
14. The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of
suffrage
What became the dominant crop of the Caribbean colonies?
sugar
Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought
suggested that people had considerable control over their own lives.
Part of the reason of the South's colonial dependency to the North was the great profitability of it's agricultural system, particularly of cotton production.
true
Southern white males adopted an elaborate code of chivalry, which obligated them to defend their "honor," often through dueling.
true
The American System of Henry Clay sought to establish a national market economy, but resulted in increased sectional tension.
true
The fear of some native-born Americans of the rapidly growing foreign-born population gave rise to what is known as "nativism."
true
The lifestyle of "conspicuous consumption" contributed to the rapid growth of American business in the 1820s and 1830s.
true
The overwhelming 75% of the white population in the South did not own slaves but did not question or reject slavery because they simply did not care.
true
The political system became much more democratic during the Jacksonian Era.
true
Wealthy southern whites sustained their image of themselves as aristocrats avoiding such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce.
true
Before 1860, the development of machine tools by the United States government resulted in the
turret lathe, universal milling machine, and precision grinder.
The name given to the effort by whites and blacks to help runaway slaves escape was the
underground railroad.
In the California gold rush,
upwards of ninety-five percent of the "Forty-niners" were men.
In the 1840s, critics of territorial expansion by the United States
warned it would increase the controversy over slavery.
As president, John Tyler
was a Whig who had once been a Democrat.
William Penn
was a man of great wealth who converted to Quakerism.
In its beginning, the Maryland colony
was a refuge for English Catholics.
In the mid-nineteenth century, the general European attitude toward American art and literature
was that American artists had little to offer Europe
During the first half of the nineteenth century, the "cotton kingdom"
was the dominant source of the income of the lower South.
Rice production in colonial America
was very difficult and unhealthy work.
Most American industry remained wedded to the most traditional source of power, which was
water
The seventeenth-century tobacco economy of the Chesapeake region
went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles.
Rice and sugar production in the antebellum South
were concentrated in a relatively small geographic area.
By 1860, factories in the United States
were concentrated in the Northeast.
Scholars estimate that human migration into the Americas over the Bering Strait occurred approximately
11,000 years ago.
Though the trade and sale of slaves continued to be legal inside the U.S. until the Civil War, the "slave trade," the importation of slaves from Africa or any other foreign locale, was made illegal in
1808
By 1775, the non-Indian population of the English colonies was just over
2 million.
30. In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed
30. In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed
9. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln
A. involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.
34. The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864
A. involved the killing of Indian women and children.
37. The 1848 Seneca Falls, New York, convention on women's rights
A. issued a manifesto patterned after the Declaration of Independence.
53. The Battle of Antietam in 1862
A. led President Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command.
26. In the 1840s, the organized movement against drunkenness in the United States
A. linked alcohol to crime and poverty.
23. Politically, the Confederate constitution
A. was almost identical in many respects to the Constitution of the United States.
40. In the early nineteenth century, the American Colonization Society
A. was founded by white Virginians opposed to slavery.
32. Schuyler Colfax, Grant's vice president,
A. was involved in a stock-fixing scandal.
42. After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"
A. was very often restricted and conservative.
36. The "redeemed" governments of the South
A. were so named when Democrats took back control of the government.
13. In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias
A. would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union.
46. Among other ideas, Booker T. Washington
B. favored industrial over classical education.
In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry that relied on the East for markets and capital?
B. fur trading
31. Prior to 1860, public education in the United States
B. gave the nation one of the highest literacy rates in the world.
26. The Rocky Mountain School of painting
B. helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West.
22. The United States Sanitary Commission
B. helped turn nursing into a female-dominated profession.
46. During the Civil War, railroad transportation
B. in some ways acted to limit the mobility of armies.
15. In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln
B. increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress.
35. The Alabama claims
B. involved complaints by the United States against England.
50. The Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
B. led to the passage of "personal liberty laws."
27. The Confederacy financed its war effort primarily through
B. printing money.
40. As president, Rutherford B. Hayes
B. promised to serve only one term.
28. William Cody's Wild West shows
B. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.
In 1850, outside of the United States, slavery in the Western Hemisphere also existed in
Brazil
43. In the Civil War, the number of deaths for every 100,000 of the population was
C. 2,000.
32. The most important Union military commander was
C. Abraham Lincoln.
The Indian leader who said, "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," was
C. Chief Joseph.
61. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House after
C. Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting.
30. In the 1840s in the United States, an initial understanding of germ theory was developed by
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes.
New England, for all its belief in community and liberty, was far from an egalitarian society. "Some must be rich and some poor" is a statement attributed to which seventeenth-century colonial?
John Winthrop
______ is an organization which is owned jointly by all its shareholders; all the stakeholders have a specific portion of stock owned, usually displayed as a share.
Joint-Stock Company
41. Which of the following statements about the end of Reconstruction is accurate?
Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them
Who of the following saw his close ties and great influence with President Jackson grow stronger as a result of the Peggy Eaton affair?
Martin Van Buren
Which of the following was NOT a Stuart Restoration colony?
Maryland
Which statement regarding colonial higher education is true?
Most colleges were founded by religious groups.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the English indenture system?
Most indentured servants received land upon completion of their contracts.
One actual slave revolt that resulted in numerous white deaths in the nineteenth-century South was led by
Nat Turner.
The rebellion led by Jacob Leisler took place in
New York.
The first truly complex society in the Americas was that of the
Olmec.
The preeminent European maritime power in the fifteenth century was
Portugal.
During the debate on the Compromise of 1850,
President Zachary Taylor suddenly died.
Which of the following statements regarding American railroads in the 1850s is FALSE?
Private investors provided nearly all the capital for rail development.
38. Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the
Quakers
The largest contingent of immigrants during the colonial period were the
Scots-Irish.
Which statement regarding the lives of slaves in colonial North America is true?
Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folk tradition.
Senator Robert Hayne represented the state of
South Carolina
The first permanent Spanish settlement in what is now the United States was
St. Augustine.
Cahokia was a large trading center located near what present-day city?
St. Louis
Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE?
Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts.
______ a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
10. Taxes enacted by the United States Congress to help finance the Civil War
D. included a new income tax.
26. In the Confederacy during the Civil War,
D. many Southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority.
8. In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese
D. moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility.
10. As president, Andrew Johnson
D. offered amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.
45. During the late nineteenth century, Plains farm life
D. often lacked any access to the outside world.
44. During the Civil War, as a result of new technology in weapons,
D. organized infantry did not fight in formation.
During the seventeenth century, English colonists in the Chesapeake saw
a life expectancy for men of just over forty years.
The agricultural practices of pre-Columbian tribes in the Northeast were characterized by
a rapid exploitation of the land.
The Erie Canal was
a tremendous financial success.
In the 1820s, John C. Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification
as an alternative to possible secession.
The Virginia Company developed the "headright" system to
attract new settlers to the colony.
13. In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction
D. required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.
52. In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking
D. the crime of lynching.
27. In the 1830s and 1840s, cholera epidemics in the United States
D. typically killed more than half of those who contracted the disease.
25. Black sharecropping
D. was a very common occupation of former slaves.
The colony established by people seeking to separate from Pennsylvania was
Delaware.
The black abolitionist who called for uncompromising opposition to and a violent overthrow of slavery in his 1829 pamphlet was
E. David Walker.
25. Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis's leadership?
E. Davis attempted to strategize, make, and control all military decisions personally.
47. One leading abolitionist who was murdered for his activism was
E. Elijah Lovejoy.
18. At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,
E. Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.
7. At the start of the Civil War, the
E. North had a much more substantial economy.
10. In the 1870s in the Far West, the largest single Chinese community was located in
E. San Francisco.
In the seventeenth century, white women in the colonial Chesapeake
averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage.
7. All of the following people helped create a distinct American literature EXCEPT
E. Sydney Smith.
Which of the following federally-chartered corporations did the Union create to build the transcontinental railroad
E. Union Pacific and Central Pacific
15. The transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau
E. argued Americans had a moral right to disobey the laws of the United States.
32. In the 1850s, the U.S. policy of "concentration" for Indians
E. assigned all tribes to their own defined reservations.
7. During the nineteenth century, in the Far West the term "coolie"
E. referred to Chinese indentured servants.
14. The Union's national draft law
E. resulted in murderous attacks in New York City against free blacks.
26. During Reconstruction, per capita income for Southerners
E. rose for blacks and declined for whites.
17. Mining in the West
E. saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations.
45. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, southern agriculture
E. saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.
James de Bow once wrote: "Women. like children, have but one right, and that is the right to protection. The right to protection involves the obligation to obey."
false
In 1830, what political figure said, "The Union, next to our liberty most dear"?
John C. Calhoun
Many Americans defended the ideas of westward expansion fearing that "nonwhite" peoples of the territories could be absorbed into the republican system.
false
6. All of the following slave states remained in the Union EXCEPT
arkansas
In Puritan New England, full membership in town governance was limited to
"selectmen."
49. Grandfather laws established that
. men who could not meet the literacy and property qualifications could vote if their ancestors had voted before Reconstruction began
In what way did sixteenth-century Europeans benefit from trade between the Americas and Europe?
A large number of new crops became available in Europe.
18. All of the following were "Radical Republicans" EXCEPT
A. Abraham Lincoln.
E. was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.
A. Alaska.
5. On April 14, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered after
A. Confederate forces bombarded it.
50. A major federal victory occurred in April 1862 when Union troops captured the city of
A. New Orleans.
19. During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to
A. Southern white Republicans.
46. In the 1830s, abolitionists in the United States constituted
A. a small percentage of the national population.
3. The Confederate States of America was formed
A. after Texas seceded from the Union.
16. The transcendentalist movement
A. anticipated the environmental protection movement of the twentieth century.
42. In the late nineteenth century, fences for Plains farms were usually made from
A. barbed wire.
5. The Freedmen's Bureau
A. distributed food to millions of Southern blacks.
29. In the South, the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system
A. encouraged the planting of cash crops.
36. The Union's Committee on the Conduct of the War
A. greatly interfered with the military chain of command and the conduct of the war.
50. Jim Crow laws
A. imposed a system of state-supported segregation.
34. Prior to 1860, prison reform in the United States
A. included the practice of solitary confinement.
1. In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln
A. insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.
6. During the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanics living in California
A. lost ownership of large areas of lands.
In the Battle of Gettysburg, in order to reach dug-in Union forces, General George Pickett's division had to cross
A. open country.
11. The writings of Edgar Allan Poe were
A. primarily sad and macabre.
23. During Reconstruction, the Southern school system
A. reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876.
57. The Battle of Gettysburg
A. represented the last time Confederate forces seriously threatened Union territory.
12. At the start of the Civil War, the armed forces of the United States
A. saw many of its soldiers stationed in the West.
11. Chinese tongs were
A. secret societies.
52. The effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on the nation was to
A. spread the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience.
42. William Lloyd Garrison believed the abolitionist movement should
A. stress the damage that slavery did to blacks rather than to whites.
44. In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century,
A. textile manufacturing increased ninefold.
8. Through novels such as The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper examined the significance of
A. the disorder of America's westward expansion.
44. The western farmers' first and most burning grievance was against
A. the railroads.
31. In the South in 1865, as a result of the Civil War,
A. there were more women than men in some states.
38. In 1890, the "Ghost Dance"
A. was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians.
37. Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871
A. was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.
Which of the following statements regarding slave life is true?
After 1808, the proportion of blacks to whites in the nation steadily declined.
In the eighteenth century, religious toleration in the American colonies
All these answers are correct.
In the seventeenth century, English Quakers
All these answers are correct.
Industrialization in colonial America was hampered by
All these answers are correct.
The "triangular trade" in the Atlantic dealt with which commodity?
All these answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding African immigrants to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?
Almost all came against their will, and they made up over half of all immigrants to the New World.
. By 1900, one of the three American territories in the contiguous United States that had NOT been granted statehood was
Arizona
______ is a region of the eastern United States, fronting the Atlantic Ocean and extending from Maine in the north to Florida in the south
Atlantic Seaboard
22. The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was
B. Abilene, Kansas.
35. Which of the following statements about George B. McClellan is FALSE?
B. He originally served as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.
24. Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?
B. It developed a very fluid, loose social structure.
41. The American Colonization Society helped to transport blacks from the United States to
B. Liberia.
10. Herman Melville's most important literary work was
B. Moby Dick.
6. As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,
B. Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.
4. The Crittenden Compromise found its greatest support in
B. Southern senators.
18. Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?
B. Walt Whitman
59. General Grant's Union forces attacked General Lee's Confederate forces in the month-long
B. Wilderness campaign.
29. During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the
B. absence of basic knowledge about disease.
55. The Battle of Vicksburg in 1863
B. allowed the North to split the Confederacy in two.
38. In the Civil War, at lower levels of military command,
B. amateur officers played important roles in both the Union and Confederate armies.
3. In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as
B. an end to slavery and the acquisition of legal rights and opportunities that would allow them to live as did whites.
14. The transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emerson
B. asserted that through nature, individuals could find personal fulfillment.
4. In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as
B. controlling their future without Northern interference.
42. In 1861, the so-called Trent affair
B. created an international diplomatic crisis for Abraham Lincoln.
49. In the 1840s, William Lloyd Garrison spoke against
B. defensive wars.
32. The nineteenth-century reformer Horace Mann believed that education should promote
B. democracy.
Transcendentalists
B. regarded reason to be the most important human faculty.
24. In the mid-1880s, the open-range cattle industry declined as a result of
B. severe weather.
27. During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked
B. significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.
16. "Copperheads" were
B. sometimes arrested on the order of President Lincoln.
2. In 1860 and 1861, President James Buchanan asserted
B. that the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union.
39. In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota,
B. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred more than 300 Indians.
9. The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because
B. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.
48. In 1861, the First Battle of Manassas
B. was a victory for the Confederates.
52. The Peninsular campaign in 1862
B. was an example of General McClellan's conservative approach to battle.
15. The Tenure of Office Act
B. was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.
1. By the mid-1840s, the American West
B. was extensively populated.
5. Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE?
C. Taos Indians, allied with Navajos and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847.
6. Which of the following features was NOT a characteristic of the Hudson River School?
C. a belief that democracy was the best source of wisdom and spiritual fulfillment
12. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
C. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
39. In naval warfare during the Civil War,
C. both the Union and Confederate militaries developed ironclads.
9. Walt Whitman
C. celebrated the liberation of the individual.
43. In the late nineteenth century, regarding western agriculture,
C. commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so.
33. President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to
C. destroy Confederate armies.
31. In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant
C. entered the White House with no political experience.
17. In the election of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln
C. faced a Democratic opponent who was a former Union general.
11. During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government
C. fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies.
12. The Fourteenth Amendment
C. gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.
19. Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns
C. often found work doing domestic tasks.
51. Prior to the Civil War, the Liberty Party
C. promoted "free soil."
43. Advocates of the "New South"
C. promoted southern industry and railroad development.
16. As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, some Radical Republicans
C. proposed abolishing the Court.
48. The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that
C. racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."
46. In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland
C. reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers.
30. By the end of Reconstruction,
C. roughly half of all black women were working for wages.
22. Shaker societies
C. saw women exercise more power than men.
8. The Wade-Davis Bill
C. sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.
45. Frederick Douglass
C. spent years lecturing in England against slavery.
In 1840, one catalyst for an American feminist movement was a London convention that dealt with
C. the abolition of slavery.
39. The elections of 1876 saw
C. the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.
31. Before 1860, the traditional policy of the federal government was to regard Indians partly as
C. wards of the president of the United States.
35. The 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn
C. was a short-lived Indian victory.
40. The Dawes Act of 1887
C. was designed to force Indians to become landowners and farmers.
As a result of the gold rush, by 1850,
California had a very diverse population.
The admission of California into the United States was a divisive national issue because
California's entry would upset the nation's numerical balance of free and slave states.
______ an economic system characterized by private ownership
Capitalism
______ a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
Caste System
The English Restoration began with the reign of
Charles II.
The first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the West, beginning in 1830, was the
Choctaw
2. Which of the following Indian tribes was NOT found on the Pacific coast of the Far West?
Creek
29. All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT
D. James Whistler.
20. During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were
D. Northern white veterans who moved to the South.
54. The prominent commander who was wounded in the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and subsequently died from pneumonia was
D. Thomas Jackson.
49. The state admitted to the Union during the Civil War was
D. West Virginia.
30. The wartime South saw
D. a significant decline in the production of goods.
The nineteenth-century practice of placing American Indians on reservations was partially designed to
D. allow them to develop to a point where they could assimilate into white society.
2. At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was
D. almost 4 million.
25. Nineteenth-century Protestant revivalists such as the New Light revivalists
D. argued that personal salvation could be achieved by individual effort.
29. In the Confederacy, a military draft
D. aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy.
20. In redefining gender roles, the experimental 1840s Oneida Community
D. carefully monitored sexual behavior in order to protect women.
28. After the Civil War, most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from
D. country stores.
19. The Confiscation Act of 1861
D. declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free.
12. Southern writers such as Augustus B. Longstreet, Joseph G. Baldwin, and Johnson J. Hooper
D. developed a realist tradition that focused on the lives of ordinary people.
21. African American soldiers in the Union
D. experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers.
17. The goal of the 1840s community experiment known as Brook Farm was partly to
D. help individuals link the world of the intellect to the world of instinct and nature.
28. Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by
E. 9,000 percent.
15. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was
E. All these answers are correct.
20. The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop
E. All these answers are correct.
21. Early in 1866, a massive joint cattle drive from Texas to Missouri
E. All these answers are correct.
25. In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West
E. All these answers are correct.
33. The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century
E. All these answers are correct.
38. Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of
E. All these answers are correct.
48. In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided
E. All these answers are correct.
51. By the end of 1862, Union forces
E. All these answers are correct.
47. The U.S. Military Telegraph Corps was headed by Thomas Scott and what future tycoon?
E. Andrew Carnegie
24. Prior to becoming president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis had
E. been regarded as a moderate on secession.
47. In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington
E. called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.
28. According to the nineteenth-century "science" of phrenology, what could be discerned from the shape of an individual's skull?
E. character and intelligence
51. By the 1890s, voting percentages in the South had
E. decreased for both whites and blacks.
11. In the 1860s, Black Codes were
E. designed to give whites control over freedmen.
20. In the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln declared freedom for slaves
E. in the parts of the Confederacy still in rebellion.
37. As president, Jefferson Davis
E. made clear to General Lee that he wanted to make all the basic war decisions.
7. President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the
E. number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.
24. During Reconstruction, regarding land ownership in the South,
E. ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased.
41. In the course of the Civil War,
E. popular support for the Union was strong in England.
27. In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was
E. portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.
43. Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be
E. strongly opposed to southern slavery.
3. In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were
E. the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
34. General Ulysses S. Grant
E. thought the main Union effort should target enemy armies and resources.
21. During Reconstruction, Southern African American officeholders
E. underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.
41. In the late nineteenth century, the surge of farming settlement in the West
E. was a result of many factors, but the most important was the railroad.
60. In 1864, General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea"
E. was designed in part to demoralize Southerners.
13. The Homestead Act of 1862
E. was expanded by the Timber Culture Act.
The Panic of 1873
E. was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.
23. In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were often between
E. white American ranchers and farmers.
The colony of Virginia was named in honor of
Elizabeth I.
From their colonial experiences in Ireland, the English concluded that
English colonists should maintain a rigid separation from an indigenous population.
List in chronological order, from earliest to latest, which European countries controlled the African slave
English, the Spanish, the Dutch
What European explorer gave the Pacific Ocean its name?
Ferdinand Magellan
In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of
Geronimo
56. As the Battle of Vicksburg was ending, another major battle was taking place in
Gettysburg.
George Whitefield is associated with the
Great Awakening.
______ refers to the area that encompasses most of Nevada, half of Utah, and sections of Idaho, Wyoming, Oregon, and California.
Great Plains
The first American college was
Harvard
Which statement best describes the role of women in pre-Columbian North American tribes?
In all tribes, women cared for the children and prepared meals.
England's first experience with colonization came in
Ireland.
The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) represented a departure from earlier practices in which of the following ways?
It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.
Which statement about the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty is FALSE?
It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports.
Which statement regarding the economic theory of mercantilism is FALSE? It presumed that the world's wealth was finite.
It reduced the desire for nations to acquire and maintain colonies.
Which of the following does NOT describe the site chosen for the Jamestown settlement?
It was inaccessible by ship.
All of the following painters were associated with the Hudson River School EXCEPT
James Whistler.
The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established in
Jamestown.
In the mid-1850s, the struggle over Kansas saw
John Brown murder several pro-slavery settlers.
Which statement about French colonization in the New World is FALSE?
The French, like the English, tried to remain separate from native peoples.
"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it. . . . He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country—and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect. . . . . . . [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty—against traitors, thieves and assassins—let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations—there appears the name of no colored man." Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 Question Douglass' rhetoric in the excerpt was most likely interpreted as promoting which of the following
The Missouri Compromise in 1820
What condition(s) in England in the sixteenth century provided incentive for colonization? The availability of farmland was declining, while the population was
The availability of farmland was declining, while the population was growing
Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century?
The belief in Manifest Destiny encouraged settlers to move to the West.
Which statement about the economy of the northern colonies is true?
The economy was more diverse than in the southern colonies.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the first years of Jamestown's existence?
The settlement survived despite an enormous loss of life.
Which statement about Spanish settlements in the New World is FALSE?
The first Spanish settlers were mostly interested in farming.
Another reason of the South's colonial dependency to the North was that wealthy southerners had so much capital invested in their land and slaves, they had little left for other investments.
True
It was Daniel Webster who argued that, " power naturally and necessarily follows propert" and that " property as such should have its weight and influence in political arrangement."
True
Jackson's commitment to extending power beyond entrenched elites led him to want to reduce the functions of the federal government.
True
King cotton was a big factor that caused the second Middle Passage.
True
One of the factors that ushered in the American industrial revolution was that the United States needed a population large enough both to grow its own food and to provide a surplus workforce for an industrial economy.
True
Railroads emerged from a combination of technological and entrepreneurial innovations.
True
The "Cotton Kingdom" provided the prospect of tremendous profits which drew white settlers to the lower South.
True
The "defense" of women in the South generally meant that white men were even more dominant and white women even more subordinate.
True
The decline of the tobacco economy in the upper South, and the limits of sugar, rice, and short-staple cotton economies further south, might have forced the region to shift its attention in the 19th century to other nonagricultural pursuits, had it not been for the growing importance of a new product that soon overshadowed all else: long-staple cotton.
True
Within the ideology of Manifest Destiny were all the following beliefs EXCEPT that
United States expansion was acceptable so long as it stayed out of Mexico and Canada.
Which of the following is true of American slave families in the antebellum South?
Up to one-third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members.
Who was the first known European to look westward upon the Pacific Ocean, in 1513?
Vasco de Balboa
The first plantations in colonial North America emerged in the tobacco-growing areas of
Virginia and Maryland.
The Church of England was the official faith of
Virginia.
4. Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians?
Yurok
In which area of technology were Indians more advanced than the Virginia colonists?
agriculture
17. In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he
all correct
The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California
along with a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act.
To reduce conflicts, Spanish policy toward the Pueblo Indians in the eighteenth century involved all of the following EXCEPT
an expansion of the encomienda system.
When it came to the issue of the extension of slavery, President James K. Polk favored
an extension of the Missouri Compromise.
In 1830, what political figure said, "Our Federal Union—It must be preserved"?
andrew jackson
Commerce in early colonial America relied in large part on
barter.
mormonism
believed in human perfectibility.
Originally, the Georgia colony excluded
both free Africans and slaves.
The Dominion of New England
called for a single royal governor.
In Spanish colonial societies, mestizos
came to make up the largest segment of the population.
In the 1760s, the revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because
cities were the centers of intellectual information.
By 1860, the energy for industrialization in the United States increasingly came from
coal
When the House of Burgesses was created in Virginia in 1619,
colonists were given a share of local political representation.
Many pre-Columbian tribes east of the Mississippi River were loosely linked by
common linguistic roots.
21. Which of the following was arguably the most distinctive feature of Shakerism?
complete celibacy
The English colonial settlements in the Caribbean
concluded it was cheaper to buy new African slaves than to protect those they owned.
Which of the following was NOT introduced by Europeans to the New World?
corn
The Spanish colony of New Mexico
could be considered prosperous only when compared to other borderlands.
In the English colonies, Jews
could not vote or hold office.
Reform movements emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century in part because of a
desire for social stability and discipline in the face of change.
In the seventeenth century, most colonial families
did not own a plow.
What factor is believed to have dramatically reduced New World native populations after contact with Europeans?
disease
The Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was
dorothea dix
22. During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern
education
8. The 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was designed to help
education
Which of the following nineteenth-century leaders is primarily known for her pioneering work in the American feminist movement?
elizabeth cady stanton
The New York colony
emerged after a struggle between the English and the Dutch.
The Navigation Acts enacted by the English Parliament
encouraged the colonists to create an important shipbuilding industry of their own.
The most important and popular American paintings of the first half of the nineteenth century set out to
evoke the wonder of the nation's landscape.
In the American slave family,
extended kinship networks were strong and important.
In the 1848 elections, the new party that emerged as a political force was the
free-soil party
In the fifteenth century, slavery in Africa
generally allowed certain legal protections for the enslaved.
The proprietors who founded the Carolina colony
guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.
Amerigo Vespucci
helped spread recognition of the idea that the Americas were new continents.
In comparing the colonial societies of Spanish America and English America, people of mixed races had a
higher status than pure Africans in Spanish America.
A leading figure of the Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards preached
highly orthodox Puritan ideas.
A runaway slave making a successful escape from the American South was
highly unlikely
When emancipation came after the Civil War, it was often the ________ who were the first to leave the plantation of their former owners.
house servants
By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence in part because of
illegal colonial trade in markets outside of the British Empire.
Captain John Smith helped the Jamestown settlement survive by
imposing work and order on the colonists.
The cultivation of tobacco around Jamestown resulted in all the following EXCEPT
improved relations with the local Indians.
Warfare between Englishmen and Powhatan Indians in Virginia
included an Indian attack on Jamestown that killed hundreds of colonists.
The first significant metals industry in the colonies was developed for
iron.
The cause of the failure of the Roanoke colony
is historically inconclusive.
Most seventeenth-century English migrants to the North American colonies were
laborers.
An encomienda was a
license to exact tribute and labor from natives.
Regarding colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century,
life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high.
In 1680, the Pueblo Indians rose in revolt against Spanish settlers after the Spanish
made efforts to suppress Indian religious rituals.
The "starving time" in Jamestown during the winter of 1609-1610 was partly the result of
major fires that ravaged surrounding crop lands.
In the 1830s, limited liability laws were developed in the United States, which
meant stockholders could not be charged with losses greater than their investment.
In his first voyage in 1492, Christopher Columbus
mistook Cuba for China.
The Hudson River School of painters emphasized in their work the importance of
natural beauty.
The "Trail of Tears" traveled by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became
oklahoma
Most enslaved blacks lived
on medium- to large-sized plantations.
19. One of the most enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was
oneida
In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states
passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves.
Primogeniture refers to the
passing of property to the firstborn son.
The central ideology of slavery, and the vital instrument of white control, was
paternalism
In the mid-1600s, New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of
piety.
The teachings of John Calvin
produced a strong desire among his followers to lead lives that were virtuous.
In the seventeenth century, English colonists recognized that corn
produced yields greater than any of the European grains.
The Wilmot Proviso
prohibited slavery in any land acquired from Mexico.
In the North American colonies, mulatto children were
rarely recognized by their white fathers.
The most common form of resistance of enslaved Africans to their condition was
running away.
The Stono Rebellion
saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony.
In 1841, the British government
supported the rights and freedom of mutinous slaves on the Creole.
During the 1840s, advances in journalism included all of the following EXCEPT the
technological means to reproduce photographs in newsprint.
Seventeenth-century southern plantations
tended to be rough and relatively small.
The historian who wrote "The South [prior to the Civil War] grew, but did not develop" meant that
the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy.
The seventeenth-century medical practice of deliberately bleeding a person was based on
the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids.
At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the already festering English Puritan discontent was increased by
the death of Queen Elizabeth.
In 1518, Hernando Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs was made possible largely due to
the exposure of the Aztecs to smallpox.
In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on
the integrity of the Union.
Native American religions were closely linked to
the natural world
The development of the Carolina colony was notable in that
the northern and southern regions were economically and socially distinct from each other.
The political significance of Peggy Eaton on Andrew Jackson's administration was that
the presidential aspirations of John C. Calhoun were likely ended.
The first profitable economic development in Jamestown resulted from
the production of tobacco.
The Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate of 1830 was begun by a political dispute over
the sale of public land.
The initial Jamestown colonists focused primarily on
the search for gold.
Which of the following was NOT possessed by any of the early Central or South American civilizations such as the Incas, Mayas, and Aztecs?
the use of wheeled vehicles
Christopher Columbus
thought the world was much smaller than it is in reality.
Georgia was founded
to create a military barrier against the Spanish.
Between 1820 and 1840, the Irish was the largest group of people who came to the United States.
true
Calhoun had been an outspoken protectionist and had strongly supported the tariff of 1816, but along with other South Carolinians had come to believe that the tariff of abominations was responsible for the stagnation of the state's economy.
true
In 1840, white women bore an average of 6.14. children each, a decline from the very high rates of the eighteenth century but still substantial enough to produce rapid population increases.
true
In his book, Democracy in America, Tocqueville observed that the traditional aristocracies were rapidly fading in America and that new elites could rise and fall no matter what their background.
true
In the 18th century, many white Americans had considered the Indians "noble savages," peoples without real civilization but with an inherent dignity that made civilization possible among them
true
Journalism would become an important unifying factor in American life. In the 1840s and 1850s, however, the rise of the new journalism helped to feed sectional discord.
true
Manifest Destiny was a movement to spread both a political system and a racially defined society.
true
One of the trends that characterized the American population between 1820 and 1840 was the westward migration.
true
Tobacco cultivation in the antebellum South
was gradually moving westward.
The Fundamental Constitution for the Carolina colony
was influenced by the English philosopher John Locke.
The black hawk war
was notable for vicious behavior by the American military.
Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake, New England women
were more likely to have their family remain intact.
Seventeenth-century English colonial settlements
were mostly business enterprises.
As compared to nineteenth-century white practices, religious services for American slaves
were often more emotional.
As a supporter of land operations, the Union naval presence was particularly important on the
western rivers
The origins of the majority of human existence in North America began
with migrations from Eurasia over the Bering Strait
In the outbreaks of witchcraft hysteria that marked New England colonial life, those accused were most commonly
women of low social position.
The pre-Columbian American peoples in the Pacific Northwest
fished salmon as their principal occupation.
