APUSH Misterm Review Early Republic-Reform
1 In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall argued successfully that the Supreme Court could?: A. declare federal laws unconstitutional. B. remove federal officials who would not or could not perform their duties. C. determine cases involving interstate commerce. D. decide whether debts should be considered in contracts. E. uphold the authority of the federal government over the states.
A
10 What conflict in values emerged as America went through its market revolution?: A. although Americans professed to believe in equality, the market revolution coupled with American materialistic pursuits led to great inequalities in wealth. B. Americans had long enjoyed living in settled and stable communities, but transportation improvements led to much greater geographic mobility. C. personal lifestyles prized by Northerners, who were more religious, differed from those of southerners, who were more materialistic--a distinction that national networks made obvious. D. most farmers clung to Crevecoeur's ideal of a semi-subsistence way of life, despite the relentless reach of commercial networks.
A
2 Which of the following describes the policy adopted during the 1820s and 1830s as a permanent solution to the Native American problem?: A. the removal of Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi. B. the payment of Native Americans to migrate to Canada. C. the establishment of reservations in various sections of the country. D. the forced migration of Native Americans to territories owned by Mexico. E. the assimilation of Native Americans by breaking up tribes and granting American citizenship to individual members.
A
4 During the 1820s and 1830s, the growth of business was assisted by all of the following developments EXCEPT the?: A. creation of a stable state banking system. B. specialization of stores. C. improvement in the distribution of goods. D. emergence of new general incorporation laws.
A
4 The Federalists made a last gasp attempt to maintain power by?: A. creating new federal courts and judges. B. repealing the Alien and Sedition Acts. C. supporting Aaron Burr for president. D. plotting a revolution to prevent the election of Jefferson.
A
4 The following pairs match inventions with their inventors. Which pair is incorrectly matched?: A. Samuel Slater -- standardized muskets. B. Eli Whitney -- cotton gin. C. James Watt -- steam engine. D. Robert Fulton -- steamboat.
A
5 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established what precedent for new territories?: A. equality of new states with old. B. fair treatment of Indians. C. popular sovereignty. D. support for public education. E. prohibition of slavery.
A
6 The Battle of New Orleans in 1815?: 1--resulted in the emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero. 2--ended the possibility of a British Empire on the lower Mississippi River. 3--strengthened the Federalist party's grip on the national government. 4--assured the ratification of the treaty ending the war without notable changes by the British. A. 1 and 2 only. B. 2 and 3 only. C. 3 and 4 only. D. 1, 2, and 3 only. E. 1, 2, and 4 only.
A
7 The Judiciary Act of 1789?: A. established a system of lower federal courts. B. provided for the election of federal judges. C. provided for the establishment of state courts. D. provided for the impeachment of federal officials. E. was violated by William Marbury.
A
7 The chief weapon used by Andrew Jackson in his dispute with the National Bank was?: A. to deposit government money in state banks. B. paying government debts from tariff revenue only. C. his decision to print more paper money. D. to give unqualified support to the Tariff of 1832. E. the support of the Supreme Court in voiding the bank's charter.
A
7 The international incident known as the XYZ Affair involved?: A. a French foreign minister's demand for a bribe before he would meet with American envoys. B. the British refused to evacuate their forts on American territory. C. General Andrew Jackson's incursion into Spanish-held Florida. D. the British seizure of American crewmen from a U. S. Navy warship in Chesapeake Bay. E. Aaron Burr's secret plot to detach the western United States in order to create a new nation of which he would be ruler.
A
8 The resolutions from the Hartford Convention?: A. helped to cause the death of the Federalist Party. B. resulted in the resurgence of states' rights. C. called for southern secession from the Union. D. supported use of state militias against the British.
A
9 The "Lowell System" refers to which of the following?: A. employment of young women who were then housed in dormitories. B. chattel slavery. C. worker's cooperatives. D. an early American labor union. E. a business organization with limited liability for its owners.
A
The negotiated sale of Spain's territories in eastern and western Florida to the U. S. for $5 millio
Adam Onis Treaty
Henry Clay's idea to raise a protective tariff whose revenues would provide funds for roads and canals that would link the nation.
American System
1 During both the Washington and Jefferson administrations, the Western settlers' most urgent and consistent demand on the federal government was for the?: A. repeal of the whiskey tax. B. guaranty of an outlet to the sea for their produce. C. establishment of a national banking system. D. reduction in the tariff. E. removal of Native Americans to reservations.
B
1 Hamilton proposed a tariff soon after the launching of the United States government in order to?: A. stop the export of raw materials to Great Britain. B. help develop manufacturing in the United States. C. help develop the American labor movement. D. punish Great Britain for postwar harassment of American shipping. E. support the creation of an American merchant marine.
B
1 The Lewis and Clark expedition occurred AFTER which of the following events?: A. the War of 1812. B. the Louisiana Purchase. C. the Embargo Act of 1807. D. the Missouri Compromise. E. the Nullification Controversy.
B
1 The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that the right to determine the constitutionality of a law passed by Congress rested in?: A. Congress. B. the states. C. the President. D. the Supreme Court. E. the vote of the people.
B
1 What did the 1828 presidential election demonstrate?: A. that supporters of common people would have difficulty being elected. B. that the new political parties were strongly sectional in their sources of strength. C. that first-term presidents usually can be reelected. D. that New Englanders would never vote for a southerner for president.
B
10 As a result of the "Corrupt Bargain"?: A. Henry Clay's American System suffered a crushing defeat. B. John Quincy Adams became president. C. Congress approved the Monroe Doctrine. D. the Bank of the United States was established. E. textile workers rebelled over unpaid wages.
B
3 The Erie Canal revolutionized domestic markets because it permitted the?: A. shipment of wheat from Chicago to the Pacific Northwest. B. transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans along inland waterways. C. movement of cotton from the Deep South to New England. D. transport of gold from California to the east coast.
B
5 In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court declared that?: A. Congress lacked the power to charter a national bank. B. a state cannot tax an agency of the federal government. C. the state of Maryland was superior to the United States. D. a college had a right to a charter.
B
5 The situation of women and immigrants in the factory system was similar in that they both?: A. were able to organize labor unions successfully. B. were powerless to affect pay rates or working conditions. C. saw conditions in their factories slowly improve. D. found opportunities for rapid improvement.
B
6 In the Republican vision of America, education was essential because?: A. schools were the best place to teach children to be good party members. B. an ignorant electorate could not be trusted to preserve democracy. C. business leaders needed to be educated. D. schools were where religious values were taught.
B
6 Recent historians describe the "Era of Good Feelings" as?: A. marked by deep divisions over economic and sectional issues. B. free of ideological disputes. C. characterized by multiparty harmony. D. marked by little interference of the Supreme Court in political affairs.
B
6 The Industrial Revolution had which of the following effects on slavery in the South?: A. the creation of numerous labor-saving machines vastly reduced the need for slave labor. B. rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more important to the economy. C. the government bought and freed Southern slaves, then transported them to the North, where factories were experiencing a major labor shortage. D. the Industrial Revolution began as the Civil War was ending and it provided work for many former slaves. new farm machinery required slaves and masters to work more closely together, with a resulting reduction of mutual hostility.
B
7 In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812?: A. was a disaster for the United States. B. could be considered the Second War for American Independence. C. was considered a victory for Britain. D. resulted in the fall of the British government that concluded the conflict.
B
8 The major issue in Jackson's campaign for re-election in 1832 was the?: A. stationing of federal troops in South Carolina. B. Second Bank of the United States. C. gag rule. D. Maysville Road veto. E. the spoils system.
B
9 Washington's Farewell Address in 1796?: A. warmly endorsed the appearance of two contending political parties in America. B. warned against the dangers of permanent foreign alliances. C. was delivered to a joint session of Congress by Washington himself. D. proposed a two-term limitation on the presidency.
B
The treaties of the 1780s negotiated by the new American government with Native Americans of the interior?: A. confirmed the alliances made between the United States and the tribes during the Revolution. C. intended to open trans-Appalachia to white settlement. D. proved durable and effective in maintaining peaceful relations. E. afforded the Native Americans all the rights and privileges of United States citizenship.
B
Which of the following does NOT describe the Louisiana Purchase of 1803?: A. the United States purchased Louisiana from France for $15,000,000. B. French power expanded in the Western Hemisphere. C. Jefferson expanded the powers of the presidency. D. the United States doubled in size. E. the treaty of cession left some of the boundaries vague.
B
1 Jacksonian Democrats favored all of the following EXCEPT?: A. rotation in office. B. universal suffrage for white males. C. the caucus system of nominating candidates. D. rewarding political supporters with government jobs. E. presidential electors being chosen by popular vote.
C
1 The beginning of the American Industrial Revolution during the early 1800s resulted from all of the following developments EXCEPT?: A. technological advanced imported from England. B. the appearance of better transportation systems. C. monetary assistance from the federal government to new factories. D. new inventions such as the cotton gin.
C
10 Developments in transportation usually occurred in the following order?: A. railroads --> flatboats --> canals --> turnpikes. B. turnpikes --> canals --> flatboats --> steamboats. C. turnpikes --> steamboats --> canals --> railroads. D. canals --> turnpikes --> railroads --> steamboats
C
2 All of these statements support the foreign policy of Jefferson and Madison EXCEPT?: A. the Embargo Act of 1807 kept American ships off the high seas and prevented impressment of our sailors by England. B. England and France needed our goods more than we needed their trade. They were at war and needed all the imports they could get. C. the Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act were embarrassingly close to a peace-at-any-price policy. D. circumstances can make avoidance of war a wiser policy than insistence upon national rights. E. had local officials aided the federal government in preventing smuggling, our rights as neutrals would soon have been observed by England and France.
C
2 The Second Bank of the United States performed all of the following functions EXCEPT?: A. receiving and paying out federal funds. B. stabilizing the money supply. C. shifting funds from the West and South to the Northeast. D. keeping a check on the loans of other banks. E. making loans to the federal government.
C
2 The most profound economic development by mid-19c America was the? A. development of a national banking system. B. creation of corporations. C. rise of the factory. D. decline of the small-town merchant and general store.
C
3 The congressional election of 1810 was important because it?: A. greatly increased the size of the Republican party. B. brought in a number of peace advocates. C. added a number of young, western, anti-British representatives to the House. D. gave rise to a new political party.
C
3 The primary issue in dispute in Shay's Rebellion was?: A. the under-representation of western Massachusetts in the state legislature, leading to accusations of "taxation without representation." B. the failure of Massachusetts to pay a promised postwar bonus to soldiers who had served in its forces during the Revolution. C. the jailing of individuals or seizure of their property for failure to pay taxes during a time of economic hardship. D. the failure of Massachusetts authorities to take adequate steps to protect the western part of the state from the depredations of raiding Indians. E. economic oppression practiced by the banking interests of eastern Massachusetts.
C
3 While Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the Supreme Court, its decisions?: A. were generally protective of states' rights. B. showed no clear leaning toward either a "broad" or "strict" interpretation of the Constitution. C. laid the groundwork for a "broad" interpretation of the Constitution. D. reflected the impact of Thomas Jefferson's Kentucky Resolutions. E. were hostile to the development of business.
C
4 John C. Calhoun advocated nullification of a federal law in 1828, and again in 1832 to?: A. please President Jackson. B. defeat the re-charting of the Bank of the United States. C. avoid secession. D. promote the formation of the Confederate States of America.
C
4 Thomas Jefferson maintained that?: A. only educated men could know the truth. B. until the masses were educated aristocratic government was more likely to be just than was republican government. C. by means of education, republican societies should train the ablest minds for leadership. D. education would make all men equal in ability. E. the greatest enemies of liberty were the over-educated.
C
5 All of the following were provisions of Clay's "American System" EXCEPT?: A. high tariffs to protect infant industries. B. federal financing of internal improvements. C. low tariffs and state support of internal improvements. D. a national bank with branches in the states.
C
7 The Embargo Act of 1807 hurt which of the following the MOST?: A. England. B. France. C. New England. D. the South. E. Spain.
C
7 Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the 19c?: A. England. B. Africa. C. Ireland. D. the German states. E. Holland.
C
7 Which was the most important immediate cause of the rise of manufacturing in the United States?: A. growth of the textile industry. B. New England water power. C. stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War of 1812. D. patriotic appeals and the growth of nationalism.
C
8 The main purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts was to?: A. capture French and British spies. B. control the Federalists. C. silence and punish critics of the Federalists. D. keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president.
C
8 What was the opinion of Andrew Jackson, and probably most of his contemporaries, regarding the spoils system?: A. it should be abolished, and civil service laws should be enacted. B. it was injurious to good government, but had to be retained for the good of the Democratic party. C. the frequent rotation of officeholders had a beneficial effect on the government. D. it would ultimately favor Henry Clay and the Whigs. E. it was injurious to the Democratic party, but had to be retained because of its beneficial effect on government.
C
9 In the 1830s and 1840s, the primary difference between Whigs and the Democrats was that?: A. the Whigs favored economic expansion while the Democrats favored a stable but retracted economy. B. the Democrats favored the abolition of slavery while the Whigs favored retention of the current system of slavery allowed in the Southern states, but no further expansion of slavery north of the Mason-Dixon line. C. the Whigs favored an expanded, activist federal government while the Democrats favored a limited non-interventionist federal government. D. the Democrats were strongly supported by evangelical Christians and supported a wide range of moral reforms while the Whigs were supported by Westerners who favored individual choice over morally based restrictions on behavior. E. the Whigs favored limitations on westward expansion while the Democrats favored the concept of Manifest Destiny and expansion to the Pacific Ocean.
C
9 Purposes of Alexander Hamilton's tax, tariff, and debt manipulation schemes during the presidency of George Washington included?: A. ridding the federal government of debt as soon as possible. B. ending undue government interference in the economy. C. binding the interests of the moneyed class to the new federal government. D. maintaining the United States as an agrarian society. E. promoting the importation of British manufactured goods.
C
9 The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 was prompted by?: A. the Russian annexation of Alaska. B. President Monroe's hope of increasing his popularity with the American public. C. the fear that France might intervene in Latin America to restore Spanish colonial rule. D. continuing British intervention in Latin American affairs.
C
Henry Clay's alleged shifting of electoral votes in the House to John Quincy Adams in the 1824 election in exchange for his appointment as Secretary of State.
Corrupt Bargain
1 The rise of the Industrial Revolution led to?: A. a rise in the standard of living for the working class. B. the development of the middle class. C. great difficulty for the workers in adapting to the new way of life. D. all of these choices are correct.
D
10 Which of the following was NOT a cause of John Adam's defeat in the presidential election of 1800?: A. the Alien and Sedition Acts. B. the XYZ Affair. C. Alexander Hamilton's disagreement with John Adams. D. British harassment of American sailors. E. the failure of Adams to support war with France.
D
2 A revolution in what country made American neutrality an issue in the 1790s?: A. Great Britain. B. Spain. C. the Netherlands. D. France. E. Germany.
D
2 Women emerged from the American Revolution with the prescribed new responsibility of?: A. enjoying the vote. B. serving in local political office. C. becoming public school teachers. D. raising sons and daughters as good republican citizens. E. all of these choices are correct.
D
4 After the War of 1812, Henry Clay called for an "American System", by which he meant?: A. a system of high tariffs to keep out European products. B. a unique method of manufacturing that Europeans could not emulate. C. a new way of winning wars. D. internal improvements that would make the nation self-sufficient.
D
4 Between 1806 and 1809, non-importation, non-intercourse, and embargo acts sought to?: A. bring peace between France and Great Britain. B. encourage domestic American manufacturing. C. balance Southern and Northern economic power. D. forced Great Britain to recognize American rights. E. help Britain in the Napoleonic Wars.
D
5 All of the following statements concerning equality in Jacksonian America are true EXCEPT?: A. virtually all adult white males could vote and held equal status before the law. B. in terms of wealth and access to productive resources, American society was becoming less equal. C. patterns of democratic dress created both fewer differences in appearance between wealthy and ordinary men, and greater distinctions between men and women. D. because political leaders had to appeal to an expanded electorate, campaigns became less boisterous and more focused on specific policy issues.
D
5 In the Rush-Bagot Treaty, Great Britain and the United agreed?: A. on a timetable for the withdrawal of British forces from the Oregon territory. B. on the fishing rights of each in the Atlantic. C. to the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest. D. to limit their naval forces on the Great Lakes.
D
5 The causes of the War of 1812 included all of the following EXCEPT?: A. demand for respect of America's neutral rights. B. land hunger in the West as well as a desire for Florida. C. fear that Indian attacks were caused by the British. D. strong sectional rivalries that could only be overcome by an external enemy.
D
6 As a result of Jackson's bank policies?: A. sales of public land rose tremendously. B. banks printed new banknotes with abandon. C. the nation entered a period of speculative mania. D. all of these choices are correct.
D
6 The War Hawks were?: A. mostly from New England. B. eager for war against Napoleon in order to gain the Louisiana Territory. C. supporters of Jefferson and Madison's policy of economic coercion. D. Republicans from the West and South who wanted to take Canada from Britain and Florida from Spain.
D
8 In the election of 1796?: A. Thomas Jefferson was the choice of southern Federalists. B. the Federalist Party united behind Adams. C. George Washington took an active role. D. the Federalist party divided when southern Federalists refused to support Adams.
D
8 The Panic of 1819 was the result of a speculative boom in the economy that ran for a number of years before the panic. All of the following were causes of that speculation EXCEPT?: A. increasing world prices for American farm products. B. a land boom. C. easy credit from state wildcat banks. D. tight credit from the Bank of the United States.
D
8 The direction of the population movement that took place between 1790 and 1840 was from?: A. the North to the South. B. the Old Northwest back to New England. C. New England to California. D. the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi. E. the South to the North.
D
9 In the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812?: A. most American demands were satisfied. B. the Americans made substantial concessions to the British. C. the issues that had led to war were finally resolved. D. nothing was settled beyond a restoration of the prewar status quo. E. Britain agreed to end the impressment of American seamen.
D
10 During the 1790s, Federalists and Republicans openly disagreed over?: A. the extent of popular control of government. B. foreign policy toward England and France. C. the activities of Citizen Genet. D. the fiscal policies of the national government. E. all of these choices are correct.
E
10 The outcome of the election of 1824 between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson was decided by?: A. the Electoral College. B. a plurality of the popular vote. C. the Senate. D. the Supreme Court. E. the House of Representatives.
E
2 Chief Justice John Marshall asserted that only Congress, not the states, possessed the power to control interstate commerce. The case was?: A. Marbury v. Madison. B. McCulloch v. Maryland. C. Cohens v. Virginia. D. Jones v. Clinton. E. Gibbons v. Ogden.
E
2 In 1800 Federalists viewed Jeffersonian Republicans as dangerous radicals and feared the consequences if they gained control of the government. What actually happened when the Republicans were elected?: A. the Republicans adopted a more radical plan than they had previously advocated. B. Jefferson immediately curtailed overseas commerce with France. C. the Republicans maintained the policies of the Federalists. D. the Republicans ruthlessly destroyed all opposition to their policies. E. the Republicans did not make nearly as many changes as they had advocated.
E
3 Andrew Jackson's view of the presidency emphasized?: A. strong Cabinet leadership. B. strengthening the power of the state. C. support for the nullification doctrine. D. congressional partisan leadership. E. leadership by the executive branch in the interests of the people.
E
3 In addition to the Embargo Act of 1807, a significant factor in the development of American industry in the period 1800-1820 was?: A. the invention of the cotton gin. B. the availability of cheap immigrant labor. C. the development of railroads. D. the Louisiana Purchase. E. protective tariffs.
E
4 The Jay Treaty (1794) provided for?: A. the acceptance of American trade with the French West Indies. B. free navigation of the Mississippi. C. an ending of the impressment of American seamen. D. the settlement of the Canadian boundary. E. evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes.
E
6 By the first decade of the 19c, American manufacturing had been revolutionized by the advent of?: A. labor unions. B. transcontinental railroads. C. mail-order catalogues. D. the electric engine. E. interchangeable machine parts.
E
7 The Second Bank of the United States performed all of the following functions EXCEPT?: A. receiving and paying out federal funds. B. stabilizing the money supply. C. keeping a check on the loans of other banks. D. making loans to the federal government. E. shifting funds from the West and South to the Northeast.
E
8 The American system of manufacturing, which emerged in the early 1800s, was successful because of its use of?: A. slave labor. B. handsome, individually crafted, high-quality items. C. the "putting out" system--distributing raw materials and collecting finished products for distribution. D. early electric power to provide cheap energy for new factories. E. interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of high-quality items.
E
9 The Missouri Compromise of 1820 did all of the following EXCEPT?: A. bring in Maine as a free state. B. prohibit slavery north of latitude 36o 30'. C. maintain the balance of slave and free states. D. bring in Missouri as a slave state. E. establish the principle of popular sovereignty south of 36o 30'.
E
9 The political purpose for proposing the Tariff of 1828 was to?: A. "get even" with the New Englanders for the Hartford Convention. B. secure the support of the shipping interests of New England by depriving manufacturers of the protection they desired. C. assure the Jacksonians of Southern support in the election of 1828. D. gain the favor of producers of such raw materials as wool, hemp, and flax. E. discredit the administration of President John Quincy Adams.
E
The time of James Monroe's presidency when the Democratic-Republican party was unchallenged by a major political rival.
Era of Good Feelings
This northern Federalist expression of frustration at no longer controlling the "Virginia dynasty", was a meeting in which legitimate worries about future embargoes, expansionism, declarations of war, etc., were expressed.
Hartford Convention
The process of taking of sailors off of American ships by the British and claiming that they were Englishmen who had deserted the Royal Navy.
Impressment
As the author of the Monroe Doctrine, he warned the European powers not to extend their imperial system to the Western Hemisphere.
John Quincy Adams
This 1801 law was a last-ditch attempt by the Federalists to bequeath a conservative judiciary to the Jeffersonians.
Judiciary Act
It prohibited slavery north of the 36 30' line.
Missouri Compromise
This further decreased the friction between the U. S. and Britain when this agreement peaceably adjusted their boundaries along the Great Lakes.
Rush Bagot Treaty
This Anglo-American agreement restored territories to their original status before the War of 1812.
Treaty of Ghent
A group of U. S. Congressmen from the western states who urged that the U. S. declare war against Britain in 1812.
War Hawks
This "midnight judge" lost his case for appointment in a celebrated Supreme Court decision.
William Marbury
